关于从句
1、 拿到一个从句，首先要正确判断从句类型。
三大从句：
（1）名词性从句：主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句
（2）形容词性从句：定语从句
（3）副词性从句：状语从句（时间、地点、条件、目的、结果、原因、让步、方式）
2、区别是什么从句应看主句。
主句不完整时，从句肯定是名词性从句。
主句完整时，从句可能是定语从句，状语从句，
或者是名词性从句里的一种——同位语从句。
名词性从句——主宾表同
主语从句What I say is true.
宾语从句He won’t believe what I say.
表语从句That is what I said.
同位语从句I told them the news that Rockets won the game today.
· 怎样选择名词性从句里的引导词：名词性从句中缺什么意思就用什么意思的引导词。缺名词性成份时，指人用who/whom，指物用what；不缺意思和成份时用that。That 只有在宾语从句中可以省略。例题如下：
1．___ the Olympic Games will be held in Beijing is known.
A.不填 B. Whenever C. What 2．There is a common belief among them ___ rubbish can and should be put to good use.
A. which B. if C. whether 3．He‟s bought a cottage for ___ he retires, with the money he saved. B. where C. what D. which
4．It is known to all --Do you think it possible
--Of course.
· It 经常在句中当形式主语、宾语，代替真正的主语、宾语，以避免头重脚轻。 例题如下：
1． It is pretty well understood ___ controls the flow of carbon dioxide in and out of the atmosphere today.
A. That B. when D. how
2．Why don‟t you bring ___ to his attention that you are too busy to do it?
A. This B. what C. that
· 在名词性从句中，表“是否”时只用whether不用if。例题如下：
1.
2.
3. Whether the president will come is not known yet. (主语从句) The problem is whether we need it.（表语从句） The problem whether we will build another school hasn‟t been settled.（同位语从句）
4.
5.
6.
He was worried about whether he passed the English examination. （介词之后） It doesn‟t matter whether she will come or not.（whether… or /or not） I don‟t know whether to go.（动词不定式之前）
形容词性从句——定语从句 · 先行词是什么：先行词是被定语从句所修饰的名词、代词。在定语从句中充当一定的成
分。之所以称它为先行词，是因为不同于普通形容词修饰名词时，形容词位于名词之前。修饰一个先行词的定语从句（作用相当于形容词）总是放在该先行词之后，也就是说先行词总是出现在定语从句之前。
· 引导词是什么：引导词就是紧跟在主句后，用于引导从句的词。我们根据先行词选择不
同的引导词。如果先行词是：
物：which /that / whose
人：who / whom / that / whose
时间：when / which / that
地点：where /which /that
reason：从句完整why / for which；从句不完整which /that /--
way：从句完整 in which / that /--; 从句不完整which / that /- 例子：I don‟t like the way in which/that/-- you speak to your parents.
He found the way was reasonable to solve the problem.
· 关于of whose和of which：当先行词与连接词后面的名词n存在所属关系时（什么的什
么）
物：whose + n. = of which + the + n. = the + n. + of which
人：whose + n. = of whom + the + n.= the + n. + of whom
例子：She is my sister whose shirt is blue.
· 先行词只能用that不能用which(重点前5种情况)
（1）当先行词是不定代词时，如all，everything，anything，nothing，much，few，little，
none，the one等。
All that can be done has been done.
（2）先行词被all, few，little，no，every 等词修饰时。
There is no difficulty that we can‟t overcome.
（3）先行词被序数词或形容词的最高级修饰时。
This is the first letter that I‟ve written in Japanese.
（4）先行词被the only, the very, the last 等修饰时
This is the very book that I am looking for.
（5）当先行词既有人又有物时。
They talked about the teachers and schools that they had visited.
（6）当先行词是系动词be后面的表语或连接词本身是从句的表语时。
China isn‟t the country that she used to be 50 years ago.
（7）当主句是以who，which或what开头的特殊疑问句时。
Who is the man that is waiting at the bus stop？
· 永远不用that：介词或逗号之后。
· 当先行词是时间或地点时，引导词要是：when / where / that / which / --
When = 介词+which = 介词+时间
Where = 介词+which = 介词+地点
Which / that = 时间或地点
当从句完整时，用when / where / 介词+which
当从句不完整时，用which / that/ --
例子：I still remember the days that/which/-- we spent at the seaside last summer.
his parents used to work. I’ll never forget the day __I’ll never forget the time _I’ll never forget the time _· as与which的比较：
（1）在非限制性定语从句中，as和which均可替代整个主句。如从句在主句之后，两者皆可用；如从句在主句之前，用as。
They failed in the exam，as/which is natural.
As is known to all，the earth moves around the sun.
（2）as“正如„„，就像„„”
which “这一点/这个/这件事”
He passed the College Entrance Examination, made his parents very happy.
A. as B. which C. that D. it
He is careless, caused the accident.
He is late again, we expected.
· 当先行词被the same，such，so修饰时，引导词用as或that。 （1）当从句中“主谓宾”齐全时，用that。
（2）当从句中“主谓宾”不齐全时，用as。
在the same as结构中，as也可用that代替。但严格地说，the same as强调相同， the same that注重同一。
This was so difficult a problem as we couldn‟t work out.（后面句子不完整）
This was so difficult a problem that we couldn‟t work it out.（后面句子完整）
定语从句练习题part 1
1. The old man returned to China, he left 20 years ago.
A. where B. which C. that D. how
2. – When is your husband‟s birthday?
-- The same day of my birthday, ___ I can‟t forget.
A. that B. when C. which D. it
3. Let‟s put off the picnic until next week, __ the weather may be better.
A. which B. when C. that D. if
4. Mr Green drove his car very slowly until he came to the freeway, __ the speed limit was 60 miles an hour.
A. which B. that C. when D. where.
5. The hours ___ the children spend in their one-way relationship with television people undoubtedly affect their relationship with real-life people.
A. that B. when C. in which D. on which
6. I know the boy ____________ you gave the book____________.
A.whom；to B.which；to
C.to whom；to D.that；to him
7. Harbin is the very place ____________ I‟m anxious to pay a visit.
A.that B.which
C.on which D.to which
8. Have you been to Hangzhou，____________ West Lake is the most beautiful in our country？
A.whose B.which C.that D.where
9. I know the student ____________ you borrowed the pen.
A.that B.from whom
C.from which D.whom
10. Here are players from Japan，____________ are our old friends.
A.that B.where C.they D.who
11.They arrived at the farmhouse，in front of ____________ sat a small boy.
A.the place B.it C.which D.that
12. That is the day ____________ I‟ll never forget.
A./ B.on which
C.in which D.when
13.The letter is from my sister，____________ is working in Beijing.
A.which B.that C.who D.she
14. I lost a book，____________ I can‟t remember now.
A.its title B.whose title
C.the title of it D.the title of that
15. I want to use the same dictionary ____________ was used yesterday.
A.which B.what C.like D.as
16. He is good at English，____________ we all know.
A.that B.as C.this D.what
17. I‟ll never forget the days ____________ we spent together in the countryside.
A.when B.on which C.which D.in which
18. This is the best film ____________ I have ever seen.
A.that B.which C.now that D.if
19. He is the only one of the students ____________ from Shanghai.
A.who is B.who are
C.they are D.that come
20. Mr Scott is one of the foreign experts who ____________ in China.
A.works B.is working
C.are working D.has been working
21. I，who ____________ in America，feel proud of being a Chinese.
A.is B./ C.am D.being
22.The boy failed in the exam again，____________ made his parents disappointed.
A.that B.which C.it D.what
23.The doctors and nurses did ____________ they could to help the wounded.
A.all what B.all which C.everything what D.all that
They did all (that they could do) to help the boy.
24. He‟ll never forget the people and the place ____________ she visited in Beijing last year.
A.that B.which C.whom D.where
25. Do you know the reason ____________ he was late？
A.for what B.which C.for which D.that
Do you believe the reason he gave for his being late?
part 1 答案：ACBDA ADABD CACBD BCAAC CBDAC
定语从句练习题part 2
1. Guilin is the most beautiful place _____ everyone all over the world wants to visit?
A. that B. which C. what D. where
2. Has everything ____ can be done been done?
A. that B. which C. what D. /
3. I don‟t like the way _____ you speak to her.
A. which B. in which C. in that D. of which
4. She heard a terrible noise, _____ brought her heart into her mouth.
A. it B. that C. this D. which
5. The Smiths will move into their new house next Wednesday, ____ it will be completely finished.
A. by which time B. by the time C. that D. which
6. In the dark street, there wasn't a single person ____ she could turn for help.
A. that B. who C. from whom D. to whom
7. Mrs. Brown,____ department I work, is a friendly woman.
A. whose B. which C. in whose D.in which
8. Could you suggest a time __ it would fit you to visit us and try out the machine?
A. that B. which C. when D. in that
9. Next winter, __ you will spend in Hong Kong, I am sure, will be another exciting holiday.
A. which B. that C. when D. in which
10. Is this the research center _____ you visited the modern equipment last month?
A. which B. where C. that D. the one that
11. Is this the research center _____ you visited last month?
A. in which B. where C. that D. the one that
12.例1. Is this museum ___ you visited a few days ago?
例2. Is this the museum __ you visited a few days ago?
例3. Is this the museum ____ the exhibition was held?
变为肯定句：
①. This museum is __________________ you visited a few days ago.
②. This is the museum ___________you visited a few days ago.
③. This is the museum__________ the exhibition was held.
A. where B. that C. on which D. the one
13. Can you tell me the reason ________ you wanted to break the window?
A. which B. that C. because D. Why
14. I don‟t believe the reason _____ you told me yesterday.
A. for which B. that C. because D. why
15. _____ is expected, the French team won the football match.
A. Which B. As C. That D. What
16. Don‟t read such books _____ are not worth reading.
A. that B. which C. as D. /
17. _____ is reported in the newspaper, Doctor Li will visit our town next week.
18.He is late for school again, ___is often the case.
19. ____we know, smoking is harmful to one's health.
20.The sun heats the earth, __ is very important to us.
A. as B which C. that D. It
21. He is ____brave a man_____ ever lived.
22. Don„t read _____books ____ are not worth reading．
23. He is _____ an honest man _____ we respect him．
24. He is _____ an honest man _____we respect.
A. such…as B. such.. that
．
A. as B. that
27. It was in the small house _____ was built with stones by his father _____ he spent his childhood.
A. which; that B. that; where
C. which; which D. where; that
28. The meeting was put off, _____ was exactly _____ we wanted.
A. which; which B. as; that
C. which; what D. it; that
29. It is such a good place _____ everybody wants to visit _____ it is well-known all over the
world.
A. which; that B. as; as
C. as; that D.that; as
30.---- “Where did you meet your old friend?”
---- “It was in the hotel _____ I was staying.”
A. that B. when C. where D. Which
II. Find out mistakes in the following sentences:
1) He is the only one of the boys who are praised.
2）Is this school the one that you worked last year？
3）Is this the school where you visited last year？
4）He failed in the examination, it made his mother angry．
5）The rich, for whose money is not a problem, always buy big houses and expensive cars.
6）I'll never forget the days when I spent in the country.
7) With everything she needed buying, she went home.
8）It was so difficult a problem that no one can work out.
9) It is this house that I was brought up.
10) It is known to all, he is the best student in our class
11) Thanks for your gift. This is exactly that I wanted.
12) Jack is a man whom I believe is honest.
副词性从句——状语从句
· 如何判断一个句子是状语从句：主句完整，从句和主句之间不存在修饰关系，即从句不
像是主句的“形容词”，而是作为主句的“副词”，用于给主句作补充解释的，一般就是状语从句。
· 关于when、while和as：它们都表示“当„„时”
（1）when表示“正在这时”，与另一个时间状语since等同，可互换。在高考考点中，when有几个固定搭配：
be about to do…. When … 当某人或某事正要（马上就）„，这时„
be on the point of doing … when… 同上
be doing … when… 当某人正在做„或某事正在发生„，这时„
had just done… when… 当某人刚完成„或某事刚结束„，这时„
（2）while除了表“当…时”，还有“然而”“虽然”的意思。
Mary asked me to care for her pet while she was away. （当…时）
He likes pop music while I am fond of classical music. (而)
While I understand what you say, I can‟t agree with you. （虽然）
（3）as：
①．表示“随着”+句子
as time went by；as the economy develops；
②．表示“像”+句子
It looks a little ugly as it is .
③.表示“作为”+短语
treat / regard / consider / think of / look on …… as （把 … 作为…来对待）
④.表示“因为”+句子 = because / since / for As you are Senior 3 students, you should spare no effort / pains to study.
⑤. 表示“正如，就像”
As is known to all/we all know, Taiwan belongs to China.
As an old saying goes, it‟s not until the Dragon Boat Festival that we can put away warm clothes. ⑥. 表示“虽然”+倒装句 = though放句首 （下面的小写abcd分别列出不同的倒装句情况） a.表语提前
Young as/though he is, he speaks English fluently.
Child as he is, he knows a lot. （冠词去掉）
b.副词提前
Much as he likes her, he dare not tell her.
= Although(Though) he likes her very much, he dare not tell her.
c.动词提前
Try as she may, she still couldn‟t convince her parents that she was more suitable for a lawyer than a teacher.
d.补语提前
Pleasant as they made it to travel, we felt tired after the long journey.
= Although they made it pleasant to travel, we felt tired after the long journey.
· 关于since，before和until
（1）since的用法：译作“自从…以来” “自从那时起”“由于，因为”
①．接时间点：如 I have stayed in that country since 1995.
要求：谓语动词用现在完成时，而且须是延续性动词。
②．接一段时间 + ago：如 They have lived in that house since two years ago.
要求：谓语动词用现在完成时，而且须是延续性动词。 ③．接时间状语从句：如 I have loved her since I met her last time. / Lily has stayed at home since she left school. 要求：主句的谓语动词用现在完成时，而且须是延续性动词；从句的谓语动词用一般过去时，而且须是终止性动词。 ④. 用于句型“It‟s / It has been + 一段时间 + since + 时间状语从句”中，译作“自从…以来, 已经…(时间)了”。如 It‟s / has been three months since he moved to this city.
要求：主句的谓语动词用一般现在时或现在完成时；从句的谓语动词用一般过去时，而且须是终止性动词。 ⑤. 用于句型 “一段时间+ has passed since +时间状语从句”中，译作“自从…以来, … (时间)已经过去了”。如上一例句还可写成：Three months has passed since he moved to this city. 要求：主句的谓语动词用现在完成时，而且动词必须是has passed；从句的谓语动词用一般过去时，而且须是终止性动词。
⑥. 注意！当since用于否定句时，主句的谓语动词可以是终止性动词。如 He hasn‟t seen the film since last month.
⑦. 相关词组：“从那时起”：ever since、since then、from then on.
注：ever since作为一个词组，放句尾可单独使用。如I have given up smoking ever since. 另外，还可在since后接句子。since前加ever，只是加重语气而已。如 I have given up smoking ever since I caught a bad cough.
⑧. since还可引导原因状语从句，译作“由于，因为”，相当于because。如Since he was lazy, he didn‟t finish his homework. （2）before的基本含义是“在……之前”，又可以根据不同语境灵活翻译成“才” “还没来得及就……” “趁……” “就” 等。具体用法如下：
①. 与情态动词can/could连用
这时候从句虽为肯定形式，根据汉语表达习惯译成“还没来得及就”。
Before I could get in a word，he had measured me.
我还没来得及插话他就为我量好了尺寸。
Before she could move，she heard a loud noise，which grew to a terrible roar.
她还没来得及迈步，就听见一声巨响，接着就是可怕的隆隆轰鸣。
②. 用于肯定句中强调主句所表达的时间，距离长，或花费的精力大，译成“才”。 We had sailed four days and four nights before we saw lands.
我们航行了四天四夜才看到陆地。
We waited a long time before the train arrived.
我们等了很长时间火车才到。
③. 用于否定句中，强调主句所表达的时间，距离短，或花费的精力小，译成“不到……就”。 We hadn„t run a mile before he felt tired.
我们跑了还不到一英里他就累了。
④. 主句含有hardly，scarcely等半否定副词时可以译为“刚……就”。
这时候主句应用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时。还可以用when替代before如： We had scarcely reached the school before/when the bell rang.
我们刚到学校铃声就响了。
⑤. 有时还有“宁愿”的意思.
I would shoot myself before I apologized to him.我宁死也不向他道歉。
⑥. 用于It +be/take+时间段+before句型。
在这一句型中又可以根据主从句的时态分成两种情况。
若主句是一般将来时态，从句是一般现在时。若主句是肯定句，意思是“要过多长时间才”；若主句是否定形式，则翻译成“用不了多久就”。
It will be two weeks before everything returns to normal.
两周之后一切才能恢复正常。
It will be many years before the situation improves.
这种状况或许要过许多年才能得以改善。
It won„t be long before we meet again.用不了多久我们就会再见面的。
这时，若主句是一般过去时，从句也是一般过去时。若主句是肯定句，翻译成“多长时间之后才”。若主句是否定形式，则翻译成“没过多久就”。如：
It was some time before I realized the truth.
过了很长一段时间我才了解到真相。
It wasn„t long before she became a brave solider.
没过多久她就成了一名勇敢的战士。
After that it still took seven years before they got married.
他们又过了七年才结婚。
⑦ . 注意！当主句的谓语动词为延续性动词时，before与until有时可以互换。 It was an hour before/until the police arrived.
（3）until/till表示“直到„才终止„”，即某一行为持续到某一时间之后终止。当句子是肯定句，且主句谓语动词是持续性时，用until或till；till多用于口语且不能放句首，而until可以放句首。
not… until…表示“直到„才开始„”，即直到某一时间，某事件才放生，在此之前，该事件还没发生。当句子是否定句，且主句谓语动词是短暂性时，则用not„until„。 例句：George worked for IBM until/till 2000. （work是持续性动词，用until或till） Until he came up to me, I recognized him. 此句错误，应改为
I didn‟t recognize him until he came up to me. （recognize是短暂性动词，用not„until„）
· 关于“一„就„”
Hardly… when…
No sooner… than…
As soon as…
The moment/time/minute/second +句子
Immediately/Instantly/Directly +句子
On doing / 名词（如arrival）
Hardly (No sooner) had I got home when (than) the rain poured down.
As soon as the bell rang, Tom ran out of the classroom.
The moment she saw the robber, she screamed.
Instantly he saw the drowning girl, he jumped into the river.
Upon arrival/ On arrival / On arriving, I will pay a visit to you first.
· It is/was +时间点+when （注意与强调句的区别）
It was midnight _____I fell asleep. B. that C. while D. because
It was at noon ______we arrived in the village.（强调句）
A. before B. while C. when
· Unless 如果不（除非）/ If 如果，引导条件状语从句。
__________ you go all out to do the work, I don't think you can achieve your goal as planned. B. Even C. Since D. Till
He never speaks _____ he is spoken to,
A.when
B.
· as if (though) 似乎/仿佛/好像，引导方式状语从句。（常用虚拟语气） 在as if / as though引导的从句中，若表对现在的虚拟，与现在事实相反，从句的谓语用过去时态；例句：He acts as if he knew me. 他显得认识我似的。
若表对过去的虚拟，与过去事实相反，则用过去完成时态；例句：They treat me as though I were a stranger. 他们待我如陌生人。
若表对将来的虚拟，用would + 动词原形。例句：It looks as if he would not marry her. · even if /though 即使，引导让步状语从句。
例句：Even if / though she is my best friend, I still criticize her at times.
· in case /for fear that 以防/惟恐，引导目的状语从句。
· 例句：
· what / whatever / no matter what；→ what(ever) +名词
how/however/no matter how；→ how(ever) +形容词/副词
例句：Whatever difficulties we meet with, it is best to face them and try to solve them。
However late it is, I‟ll wait for you.
No matter how busy he is, he is ready to help others.
注意！No matter + 疑问词 → 只引导状语从句
疑问词 + ever → 引导状语从句或名词性从句
you say, I won‟t believe you. = No matter what（状语从句）
Whoever / No matter who comes, don‟t let him in. （状语从句）
I won‟t believe （宾语从句）
Whoever / Anyone who leaves last should turn off the lights. （主语从句）
· Where + 句子，引导地点状语从句。（特别注意和引导定语从句的区别）
例句：You‟d better make a mark where you have any questions.
You‟d better make a mark at the place where you have any questions.
以上两句字意思相同，但第一个是地点状语从句，后一个是定语从句。
定语从句有先行词THE PLACE，而状语从句没有。状语从句中where引导的句子做地点状语，不出现the place。定语从句出现先行词place，再用where引导的定语来修饰the place。 请你区分：Oh! This is where we came yesterday.
This is the place where/in which we came yesterday.
· 引导原因状语从句的一些特殊引导词：
now that=since，表示“既然，由于”，引导原因状语从句。 例句：Now that / Since you can't answer the question, I'll ask someone else. 既然你回答不出这个问题，我就问别人了。
in that =because，表示“因为”，引导原因状语从句。
not that…but that…=not because…but because…表示“不是因为„而是因为„”，引导原因状语从句。
· 先行词被the same，such，so修饰时，
同一类东西。
同一件东西，就是那一件。
we couldn‟t work out.（后面句子不完整）
we couldn‟t work it out.（后面句子完整）
状语从句练习
1．The famous scientist grew up ____ he was born and in 1930 he went to Shanghai.
A. when B. whenever C. where D. wherever
2. The photo was taken ______ stood a famous high tower.
A. where B. in which C. which D. there
3.You must be firm ______ you think yourself to be right.
A. in which B. where C. what D. no matter how
4. The writer has written many English poems, _______ his teachers and friends hadn‟t expected.
A. as B. which C. of which D. that
5. Such things _____ you described are rare now.
A. like B. as C. that D. which
6．______ life pace continues to speed up, we are quickly losing up the art of enjoyment.
A. With B. As C. when D. While
7．______ the day went on, the weather got worse.
A. With B. Since C. While D. As
8．After the war, a new school was put up _______ there had been a theater.
A. that B. where C. which D. what
9．You should make it a rule to leave things _______ you can find them again.
A. when B. where C. what D. which
10．______ it is true that a successful businessman or inventor will usually become rich, many other people who are outstanding in their fields take little notice of personal possessions.
A. While B. Since C. Unless D. If
11. As we all know, it was _______ that resulted the terrible accident.
A. because of her carelessness B. her being careless
C. because she was careless D. she was careless
12．The whole country cheered on Nov.15th _______ China completed a clean sweep for the first victory in 18 years in regaining the Women‟s Volleyball World Cup title.
A. that B. when C. until D. which
13．He had to be reminded two or three times______ he could avoid making the same mistake
A．before B. when C. until D. as
14. ______ you don‟t have my phone number, it‟s 780-7842. I look forward to meeting you soon.
A In case B. On purpose C. As long as D. By the way
15. Take this baggage and hang it _____ you can find enough space.
A. which B. in which C. at the place D. where
16. We shall never give in _____ they might do or say about our plan.
A. no matter how B. what C. whatever D. although
关于从句
1、 拿到一个从句，首先要正确判断从句类型。
三大从句：
（1）名词性从句：主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句
（2）形容词性从句：定语从句
（3）副词性从句：状语从句（时间、地点、条件、目的、结果、原因、让步、方式）
2、区别是什么从句应看主句。
主句不完整时，从句肯定是名词性从句。
主句完整时，从句可能是定语从句，状语从句，
或者是名词性从句里的一种——同位语从句。
名词性从句——主宾表同
主语从句What I say is true.
宾语从句He won’t believe what I say.
表语从句That is what I said.
同位语从句I told them the news that Rockets won the game today.
· 怎样选择名词性从句里的引导词：名词性从句中缺什么意思就用什么意思的引导词。缺名词性成份时，指人用who/whom，指物用what；不缺意思和成份时用that。That 只有在宾语从句中可以省略。例题如下：
1．___ the Olympic Games will be held in Beijing is known.
A.不填 B. Whenever C. What 2．There is a common belief among them ___ rubbish can and should be put to good use.
A. which B. if C. whether 3．He‟s bought a cottage for ___ he retires, with the money he saved. B. where C. what D. which
4．It is known to all --Do you think it possible
--Of course.
· It 经常在句中当形式主语、宾语，代替真正的主语、宾语，以避免头重脚轻。 例题如下：
1． It is pretty well understood ___ controls the flow of carbon dioxide in and out of the atmosphere today.
A. That B. when D. how
2．Why don‟t you bring ___ to his attention that you are too busy to do it?
A. This B. what C. that
· 在名词性从句中，表“是否”时只用whether不用if。例题如下：
1.
2.
3. Whether the president will come is not known yet. (主语从句) The problem is whether we need it.（表语从句） The problem whether we will build another school hasn‟t been settled.（同位语从句）
4.
5.
6.
He was worried about whether he passed the English examination. （介词之后） It doesn‟t matter whether she will come or not.（whether… or /or not） I don‟t know whether to go.（动词不定式之前）
形容词性从句——定语从句 · 先行词是什么：先行词是被定语从句所修饰的名词、代词。在定语从句中充当一定的成
分。之所以称它为先行词，是因为不同于普通形容词修饰名词时，形容词位于名词之前。修饰一个先行词的定语从句（作用相当于形容词）总是放在该先行词之后，也就是说先行词总是出现在定语从句之前。
· 引导词是什么：引导词就是紧跟在主句后，用于引导从句的词。我们根据先行词选择不
同的引导词。如果先行词是：
物：which /that / whose
人：who / whom / that / whose
时间：when / which / that
地点：where /which /that
reason：从句完整why / for which；从句不完整which /that /--
way：从句完整 in which / that /--; 从句不完整which / that /- 例子：I don‟t like the way in which/that/-- you speak to your parents.
He found the way was reasonable to solve the problem.
· 关于of whose和of which：当先行词与连接词后面的名词n存在所属关系时（什么的什
么）
物：whose + n. = of which + the + n. = the + n. + of which
人：whose + n. = of whom + the + n.= the + n. + of whom
例子：She is my sister whose shirt is blue.
· 先行词只能用that不能用which(重点前5种情况)
（1）当先行词是不定代词时，如all，everything，anything，nothing，much，few，little，
none，the one等。
All that can be done has been done.
（2）先行词被all, few，little，no，every 等词修饰时。
There is no difficulty that we can‟t overcome.
（3）先行词被序数词或形容词的最高级修饰时。
This is the first letter that I‟ve written in Japanese.
（4）先行词被the only, the very, the last 等修饰时
This is the very book that I am looking for.
（5）当先行词既有人又有物时。
They talked about the teachers and schools that they had visited.
（6）当先行词是系动词be后面的表语或连接词本身是从句的表语时。
China isn‟t the country that she used to be 50 years ago.
（7）当主句是以who，which或what开头的特殊疑问句时。
Who is the man that is waiting at the bus stop？
· 永远不用that：介词或逗号之后。
· 当先行词是时间或地点时，引导词要是：when / where / that / which / --
When = 介词+which = 介词+时间
Where = 介词+which = 介词+地点
Which / that = 时间或地点
当从句完整时，用when / where / 介词+which
当从句不完整时，用which / that/ --
例子：I still remember the days that/which/-- we spent at the seaside last summer.
his parents used to work. I’ll never forget the day __I’ll never forget the time _I’ll never forget the time _· as与which的比较：
（1）在非限制性定语从句中，as和which均可替代整个主句。如从句在主句之后，两者皆可用；如从句在主句之前，用as。
They failed in the exam，as/which is natural.
As is known to all，the earth moves around the sun.
（2）as“正如„„，就像„„”
which “这一点/这个/这件事”
He passed the College Entrance Examination, made his parents very happy.
A. as B. which C. that D. it
He is careless, caused the accident.
He is late again, we expected.
· 当先行词被the same，such，so修饰时，引导词用as或that。 （1）当从句中“主谓宾”齐全时，用that。
（2）当从句中“主谓宾”不齐全时，用as。
在the same as结构中，as也可用that代替。但严格地说，the same as强调相同， the same that注重同一。
This was so difficult a problem as we couldn‟t work out.（后面句子不完整）
This was so difficult a problem that we couldn‟t work it out.（后面句子完整）
定语从句练习题part 1
1. The old man returned to China, he left 20 years ago.
A. where B. which C. that D. how
2. – When is your husband‟s birthday?
-- The same day of my birthday, ___ I can‟t forget.
A. that B. when C. which D. it
3. Let‟s put off the picnic until next week, __ the weather may be better.
A. which B. when C. that D. if
4. Mr Green drove his car very slowly until he came to the freeway, __ the speed limit was 60 miles an hour.
A. which B. that C. when D. where.
5. The hours ___ the children spend in their one-way relationship with television people undoubtedly affect their relationship with real-life people.
A. that B. when C. in which D. on which
6. I know the boy ____________ you gave the book____________.
A.whom；to B.which；to
C.to whom；to D.that；to him
7. Harbin is the very place ____________ I‟m anxious to pay a visit.
A.that B.which
C.on which D.to which
8. Have you been to Hangzhou，____________ West Lake is the most beautiful in our country？
A.whose B.which C.that D.where
9. I know the student ____________ you borrowed the pen.
A.that B.from whom
C.from which D.whom
10. Here are players from Japan，____________ are our old friends.
A.that B.where C.they D.who
11.They arrived at the farmhouse，in front of ____________ sat a small boy.
A.the place B.it C.which D.that
12. That is the day ____________ I‟ll never forget.
A./ B.on which
C.in which D.when
13.The letter is from my sister，____________ is working in Beijing.
A.which B.that C.who D.she
14. I lost a book，____________ I can‟t remember now.
A.its title B.whose title
C.the title of it D.the title of that
15. I want to use the same dictionary ____________ was used yesterday.
A.which B.what C.like D.as
16. He is good at English，____________ we all know.
A.that B.as C.this D.what
17. I‟ll never forget the days ____________ we spent together in the countryside.
A.when B.on which C.which D.in which
18. This is the best film ____________ I have ever seen.
A.that B.which C.now that D.if
19. He is the only one of the students ____________ from Shanghai.
A.who is B.who are
C.they are D.that come
20. Mr Scott is one of the foreign experts who ____________ in China.
A.works B.is working
C.are working D.has been working
21. I，who ____________ in America，feel proud of being a Chinese.
A.is B./ C.am D.being
22.The boy failed in the exam again，____________ made his parents disappointed.
A.that B.which C.it D.what
23.The doctors and nurses did ____________ they could to help the wounded.
A.all what B.all which C.everything what D.all that
They did all (that they could do) to help the boy.
24. He‟ll never forget the people and the place ____________ she visited in Beijing last year.
A.that B.which C.whom D.where
25. Do you know the reason ____________ he was late？
A.for what B.which C.for which D.that
Do you believe the reason he gave for his being late?
part 1 答案：ACBDA ADABD CACBD BCAAC CBDAC
定语从句练习题part 2
1. Guilin is the most beautiful place _____ everyone all over the world wants to visit?
A. that B. which C. what D. where
2. Has everything ____ can be done been done?
A. that B. which C. what D. /
3. I don‟t like the way _____ you speak to her.
A. which B. in which C. in that D. of which
4. She heard a terrible noise, _____ brought her heart into her mouth.
A. it B. that C. this D. which
5. The Smiths will move into their new house next Wednesday, ____ it will be completely finished.
A. by which time B. by the time C. that D. which
6. In the dark street, there wasn't a single person ____ she could turn for help.
A. that B. who C. from whom D. to whom
7. Mrs. Brown,____ department I work, is a friendly woman.
A. whose B. which C. in whose D.in which
8. Could you suggest a time __ it would fit you to visit us and try out the machine?
A. that B. which C. when D. in that
9. Next winter, __ you will spend in Hong Kong, I am sure, will be another exciting holiday.
A. which B. that C. when D. in which
10. Is this the research center _____ you visited the modern equipment last month?
A. which B. where C. that D. the one that
11. Is this the research center _____ you visited last month?
A. in which B. where C. that D. the one that
12.例1. Is this museum ___ you visited a few days ago?
例2. Is this the museum __ you visited a few days ago?
例3. Is this the museum ____ the exhibition was held?
变为肯定句：
①. This museum is __________________ you visited a few days ago.
②. This is the museum ___________you visited a few days ago.
③. This is the museum__________ the exhibition was held.
A. where B. that C. on which D. the one
13. Can you tell me the reason ________ you wanted to break the window?
A. which B. that C. because D. Why
14. I don‟t believe the reason _____ you told me yesterday.
A. for which B. that C. because D. why
15. _____ is expected, the French team won the football match.
A. Which B. As C. That D. What
16. Don‟t read such books _____ are not worth reading.
A. that B. which C. as D. /
17. _____ is reported in the newspaper, Doctor Li will visit our town next week.
18.He is late for school again, ___is often the case.
19. ____we know, smoking is harmful to one's health.
20.The sun heats the earth, __ is very important to us.
A. as B which C. that D. It
21. He is ____brave a man_____ ever lived.
22. Don„t read _____books ____ are not worth reading．
23. He is _____ an honest man _____ we respect him．
24. He is _____ an honest man _____we respect.
A. such…as B. such.. that
．
A. as B. that
27. It was in the small house _____ was built with stones by his father _____ he spent his childhood.
A. which; that B. that; where
C. which; which D. where; that
28. The meeting was put off, _____ was exactly _____ we wanted.
A. which; which B. as; that
C. which; what D. it; that
29. It is such a good place _____ everybody wants to visit _____ it is well-known all over the
world.
A. which; that B. as; as
C. as; that D.that; as
30.---- “Where did you meet your old friend?”
---- “It was in the hotel _____ I was staying.”
A. that B. when C. where D. Which
II. Find out mistakes in the following sentences:
1) He is the only one of the boys who are praised.
2）Is this school the one that you worked last year？
3）Is this the school where you visited last year？
4）He failed in the examination, it made his mother angry．
5）The rich, for whose money is not a problem, always buy big houses and expensive cars.
6）I'll never forget the days when I spent in the country.
7) With everything she needed buying, she went home.
8）It was so difficult a problem that no one can work out.
9) It is this house that I was brought up.
10) It is known to all, he is the best student in our class
11) Thanks for your gift. This is exactly that I wanted.
12) Jack is a man whom I believe is honest.
副词性从句——状语从句
· 如何判断一个句子是状语从句：主句完整，从句和主句之间不存在修饰关系，即从句不
像是主句的“形容词”，而是作为主句的“副词”，用于给主句作补充解释的，一般就是状语从句。
· 关于when、while和as：它们都表示“当„„时”
（1）when表示“正在这时”，与另一个时间状语since等同，可互换。在高考考点中，when有几个固定搭配：
be about to do…. When … 当某人或某事正要（马上就）„，这时„
be on the point of doing … when… 同上
be doing … when… 当某人正在做„或某事正在发生„，这时„
had just done… when… 当某人刚完成„或某事刚结束„，这时„
（2）while除了表“当…时”，还有“然而”“虽然”的意思。
Mary asked me to care for her pet while she was away. （当…时）
He likes pop music while I am fond of classical music. (而)
While I understand what you say, I can‟t agree with you. （虽然）
（3）as：
①．表示“随着”+句子
as time went by；as the economy develops；
②．表示“像”+句子
It looks a little ugly as it is .
③.表示“作为”+短语
treat / regard / consider / think of / look on …… as （把 … 作为…来对待）
④.表示“因为”+句子 = because / since / for As you are Senior 3 students, you should spare no effort / pains to study.
⑤. 表示“正如，就像”
As is known to all/we all know, Taiwan belongs to China.
As an old saying goes, it‟s not until the Dragon Boat Festival that we can put away warm clothes. ⑥. 表示“虽然”+倒装句 = though放句首 （下面的小写abcd分别列出不同的倒装句情况） a.表语提前
Young as/though he is, he speaks English fluently.
Child as he is, he knows a lot. （冠词去掉）
b.副词提前
Much as he likes her, he dare not tell her.
= Although(Though) he likes her very much, he dare not tell her.
c.动词提前
Try as she may, she still couldn‟t convince her parents that she was more suitable for a lawyer than a teacher.
d.补语提前
Pleasant as they made it to travel, we felt tired after the long journey.
= Although they made it pleasant to travel, we felt tired after the long journey.
· 关于since，before和until
（1）since的用法：译作“自从…以来” “自从那时起”“由于，因为”
①．接时间点：如 I have stayed in that country since 1995.
要求：谓语动词用现在完成时，而且须是延续性动词。
②．接一段时间 + ago：如 They have lived in that house since two years ago.
要求：谓语动词用现在完成时，而且须是延续性动词。 ③．接时间状语从句：如 I have loved her since I met her last time. / Lily has stayed at home since she left school. 要求：主句的谓语动词用现在完成时，而且须是延续性动词；从句的谓语动词用一般过去时，而且须是终止性动词。 ④. 用于句型“It‟s / It has been + 一段时间 + since + 时间状语从句”中，译作“自从…以来, 已经…(时间)了”。如 It‟s / has been three months since he moved to this city.
要求：主句的谓语动词用一般现在时或现在完成时；从句的谓语动词用一般过去时，而且须是终止性动词。 ⑤. 用于句型 “一段时间+ has passed since +时间状语从句”中，译作“自从…以来, … (时间)已经过去了”。如上一例句还可写成：Three months has passed since he moved to this city. 要求：主句的谓语动词用现在完成时，而且动词必须是has passed；从句的谓语动词用一般过去时，而且须是终止性动词。
⑥. 注意！当since用于否定句时，主句的谓语动词可以是终止性动词。如 He hasn‟t seen the film since last month.
⑦. 相关词组：“从那时起”：ever since、since then、from then on.
注：ever since作为一个词组，放句尾可单独使用。如I have given up smoking ever since. 另外，还可在since后接句子。since前加ever，只是加重语气而已。如 I have given up smoking ever since I caught a bad cough.
⑧. since还可引导原因状语从句，译作“由于，因为”，相当于because。如Since he was lazy, he didn‟t finish his homework. （2）before的基本含义是“在……之前”，又可以根据不同语境灵活翻译成“才” “还没来得及就……” “趁……” “就” 等。具体用法如下：
①. 与情态动词can/could连用
这时候从句虽为肯定形式，根据汉语表达习惯译成“还没来得及就”。
Before I could get in a word，he had measured me.
我还没来得及插话他就为我量好了尺寸。
Before she could move，she heard a loud noise，which grew to a terrible roar.
她还没来得及迈步，就听见一声巨响，接着就是可怕的隆隆轰鸣。
②. 用于肯定句中强调主句所表达的时间，距离长，或花费的精力大，译成“才”。 We had sailed four days and four nights before we saw lands.
我们航行了四天四夜才看到陆地。
We waited a long time before the train arrived.
我们等了很长时间火车才到。
③. 用于否定句中，强调主句所表达的时间，距离短，或花费的精力小，译成“不到……就”。 We hadn„t run a mile before he felt tired.
我们跑了还不到一英里他就累了。
④. 主句含有hardly，scarcely等半否定副词时可以译为“刚……就”。
这时候主句应用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时。还可以用when替代before如： We had scarcely reached the school before/when the bell rang.
我们刚到学校铃声就响了。
⑤. 有时还有“宁愿”的意思.
I would shoot myself before I apologized to him.我宁死也不向他道歉。
⑥. 用于It +be/take+时间段+before句型。
在这一句型中又可以根据主从句的时态分成两种情况。
若主句是一般将来时态，从句是一般现在时。若主句是肯定句，意思是“要过多长时间才”；若主句是否定形式，则翻译成“用不了多久就”。
It will be two weeks before everything returns to normal.
两周之后一切才能恢复正常。
It will be many years before the situation improves.
这种状况或许要过许多年才能得以改善。
It won„t be long before we meet again.用不了多久我们就会再见面的。
这时，若主句是一般过去时，从句也是一般过去时。若主句是肯定句，翻译成“多长时间之后才”。若主句是否定形式，则翻译成“没过多久就”。如：
It was some time before I realized the truth.
过了很长一段时间我才了解到真相。
It wasn„t long before she became a brave solider.
没过多久她就成了一名勇敢的战士。
After that it still took seven years before they got married.
他们又过了七年才结婚。
⑦ . 注意！当主句的谓语动词为延续性动词时，before与until有时可以互换。 It was an hour before/until the police arrived.
（3）until/till表示“直到„才终止„”，即某一行为持续到某一时间之后终止。当句子是肯定句，且主句谓语动词是持续性时，用until或till；till多用于口语且不能放句首，而until可以放句首。
not… until…表示“直到„才开始„”，即直到某一时间，某事件才放生，在此之前，该事件还没发生。当句子是否定句，且主句谓语动词是短暂性时，则用not„until„。 例句：George worked for IBM until/till 2000. （work是持续性动词，用until或till） Until he came up to me, I recognized him. 此句错误，应改为
I didn‟t recognize him until he came up to me. （recognize是短暂性动词，用not„until„）
· 关于“一„就„”
Hardly… when…
No sooner… than…
As soon as…
The moment/time/minute/second +句子
Immediately/Instantly/Directly +句子
On doing / 名词（如arrival）
Hardly (No sooner) had I got home when (than) the rain poured down.
As soon as the bell rang, Tom ran out of the classroom.
The moment she saw the robber, she screamed.
Instantly he saw the drowning girl, he jumped into the river.
Upon arrival/ On arrival / On arriving, I will pay a visit to you first.
· It is/was +时间点+when （注意与强调句的区别）
It was midnight _____I fell asleep. B. that C. while D. because
It was at noon ______we arrived in the village.（强调句）
A. before B. while C. when
· Unless 如果不（除非）/ If 如果，引导条件状语从句。
__________ you go all out to do the work, I don't think you can achieve your goal as planned. B. Even C. Since D. Till
He never speaks _____ he is spoken to,
A.when
B.
· as if (though) 似乎/仿佛/好像，引导方式状语从句。（常用虚拟语气） 在as if / as though引导的从句中，若表对现在的虚拟，与现在事实相反，从句的谓语用过去时态；例句：He acts as if he knew me. 他显得认识我似的。
若表对过去的虚拟，与过去事实相反，则用过去完成时态；例句：They treat me as though I were a stranger. 他们待我如陌生人。
若表对将来的虚拟，用would + 动词原形。例句：It looks as if he would not marry her. · even if /though 即使，引导让步状语从句。
例句：Even if / though she is my best friend, I still criticize her at times.
· in case /for fear that 以防/惟恐，引导目的状语从句。
· 例句：
· what / whatever / no matter what；→ what(ever) +名词
how/however/no matter how；→ how(ever) +形容词/副词
例句：Whatever difficulties we meet with, it is best to face them and try to solve them。
However late it is, I‟ll wait for you.
No matter how busy he is, he is ready to help others.
注意！No matter + 疑问词 → 只引导状语从句
疑问词 + ever → 引导状语从句或名词性从句
you say, I won‟t believe you. = No matter what（状语从句）
Whoever / No matter who comes, don‟t let him in. （状语从句）
I won‟t believe （宾语从句）
Whoever / Anyone who leaves last should turn off the lights. （主语从句）
· Where + 句子，引导地点状语从句。（特别注意和引导定语从句的区别）
例句：You‟d better make a mark where you have any questions.
You‟d better make a mark at the place where you have any questions.
以上两句字意思相同，但第一个是地点状语从句，后一个是定语从句。
定语从句有先行词THE PLACE，而状语从句没有。状语从句中where引导的句子做地点状语，不出现the place。定语从句出现先行词place，再用where引导的定语来修饰the place。 请你区分：Oh! This is where we came yesterday.
This is the place where/in which we came yesterday.
· 引导原因状语从句的一些特殊引导词：
now that=since，表示“既然，由于”，引导原因状语从句。 例句：Now that / Since you can't answer the question, I'll ask someone else. 既然你回答不出这个问题，我就问别人了。
in that =because，表示“因为”，引导原因状语从句。
not that…but that…=not because…but because…表示“不是因为„而是因为„”，引导原因状语从句。
· 先行词被the same，such，so修饰时，
同一类东西。
同一件东西，就是那一件。
we couldn‟t work out.（后面句子不完整）
we couldn‟t work it out.（后面句子完整）
状语从句练习
1．The famous scientist grew up ____ he was born and in 1930 he went to Shanghai.
A. when B. whenever C. where D. wherever
2. The photo was taken ______ stood a famous high tower.
A. where B. in which C. which D. there
3.You must be firm ______ you think yourself to be right.
A. in which B. where C. what D. no matter how
4. The writer has written many English poems, _______ his teachers and friends hadn‟t expected.
A. as B. which C. of which D. that
5. Such things _____ you described are rare now.
A. like B. as C. that D. which
6．______ life pace continues to speed up, we are quickly losing up the art of enjoyment.
A. With B. As C. when D. While
7．______ the day went on, the weather got worse.
A. With B. Since C. While D. As
8．After the war, a new school was put up _______ there had been a theater.
A. that B. where C. which D. what
9．You should make it a rule to leave things _______ you can find them again.
A. when B. where C. what D. which
10．______ it is true that a successful businessman or inventor will usually become rich, many other people who are outstanding in their fields take little notice of personal possessions.
A. While B. Since C. Unless D. If
11. As we all know, it was _______ that resulted the terrible accident.
A. because of her carelessness B. her being careless
C. because she was careless D. she was careless
12．The whole country cheered on Nov.15th _______ China completed a clean sweep for the first victory in 18 years in regaining the Women‟s Volleyball World Cup title.
A. that B. when C. until D. which
13．He had to be reminded two or three times______ he could avoid making the same mistake
A．before B. when C. until D. as
14. ______ you don‟t have my phone number, it‟s 780-7842. I look forward to meeting you soon.
A In case B. On purpose C. As long as D. By the way
15. Take this baggage and hang it _____ you can find enough space.
A. which B. in which C. at the place D. where
16. We shall never give in _____ they might do or say about our plan.
A. no matter how B. what C. whatever D. although