英语常用前后缀
前缀
一.表示否定的前缀
1.dis -加在名词、形容词,动词之前
disadvantage(缺点)dishonorable (不光彩的)disagree (不同意)
2.in-加在形容词,名词之前
incorrect(不正确的),inability (无能,无力),inaccurate (不准确的)
3.im-加在字母m,b,p 之前
impossible(不顺能的),impolite (不礼貌的),impudence (厚颜无耻)
4.il-加在以1开头的词前
illegal(非法的),illiterate (文盲的,无文化的)illogical (不合逻辑的)
5.ir-加在以r 开头的词前
irregular(不稳定的),irresistable (不可抵抗的),irresolvable (不能分解的,不能解决的)
6.un-加在名词,形容词,副词之前
unfinished(未完成的)undoubted (无疑的)unemployment (失业)
7.non-加在形容词,名词前
non-existence(不存在),non-essential (不主要的),non-electrical (非电的)
8.mis -加在动词、名词之前
misunderstand(误解),misjudge (误判),misleading (误导),misfortune (不幸)
9.dis-加地动词之前
disappear(消失),disarm (解除武装),disconnect (失去联系)
10.de-加在名词,形容词之前
demobilize(遣散;使…复员) decolor (脱色, 漂白)
11.anti-加在名词、形容词之前
anti-Japanese(抗日战争),anti-social (厌恶社会的,反社会的),antidite (解毒药)
12.counter-加在名词、动词前
counterattack(反攻,反击),counteract (抵抗,阻碍)counterrevolution (反革命)
二. 表示“前before”的前缀
1.pre-
preconception(成见),pre-exsiting (先于……而存在的),pre-selection (选举前的) preface (前言)
2.ante-
anteroom(前室,接待室),antecessor (先行者,先驱者)
3.fore-
forehaed(前额),foreground (前景),foreman (工头,领班),foresee (预见,先见),foretell (预言)
4.pro-
programme(计划),prologue (序幕)
5.ex-
ex-president(前任总统)ex-wife (前妻)
三. 表示“后-post”的前缀
1.post-
post-war(战后),post-position (后置词),postmeridian (下午)
四.表示“低”、“下”的前缀
1.hypo-
Hypocrisy(伪善,虚伪),hypothesis (假设),pypocholoride (次氯酸盐)
2.infra-
infra-red(红外线),infrahuman (低于人类的),infrasonic (亚声的,次声的)
3.sub-
sub-editou(副编辑),sub-way (地铁),sub-conscious (下意识的),submarine (海下的),subtropical (亚热带的),subtitle (副标题)
五.表示“回”、“再次”、“向后”的前缀
1.re-
refuel(给…加油),retranslate (再译),reinforce (加强),reconstruct (重建),return (返回)
2.retro-
retrograde(倒退的),retrospect (回顾)
六.表示“共同”、“和”的前缀
1.co-
co-exist(共存) ,co-operate (合作),co-education (男女同校)
七.表示“相互”、“之间”的前缀
1.inter-
interchangeble(可互换的),interdipendert (互相依靠的),international (国际的),inter-national (交往)
八. 表示“出”、“超出”的前缀
1.ec-
eclipse(蚀),ecstasy (狂想)
2.extra-
extraordinary(非凡的),extramural (校外的),extrasensory (超感觉的)
九. 表示“超过”的前缀
1.hyper-, preter-, super-, sur-, ultra-
hyper-sensitive(过敏的),preterhuman (超人的)
十.其它的前缀
1.auto-自
automatic(自动的),auto-autobilgraphy (自传)
2.mal-坏,恶
malnutrition(营养不良),maltreat (虐待)
3.micro-
microscope(显微镜),microtome (切片机)
4.tele-远
telegram(电报),telephone (电话),telescope (望远镜)
5.demi-,semi-hemi-
Semi-circle(半圆),hemisphere (半球),demilune (半月,新月)
6.uni-, mono-(单一, 单独)
Monotone(单调),monologue (独白),uniform (制服)
7.bi-,di-二
Biyearly(二年一次的),biweekly (二周一次的),dichloride (二氯化物)
8.tri-三
Triangle(三角),tripld (三角架)
9.multi-多
multi-colored(颜色多样的),multi-national (多国的)
10.trans-通过,横过
transcript(抄本, 副本; 记录),translation (翻译),trxnsparent (透明的),transport (运输),trans-plant (移植)
11.com-,con-,cor-,col-共同,和,完全
comment(评论),compile (编辑),correlation (相互关系),collect (收集),corruption (贪污腐败),collaborate (合作,合著)
12.en-,em-往……里,使……
encamp(扎营),enable(使……能) ,endear (使……受喜爱),embrace (拥抱, 抓住(机会) )
后缀
一、名词后缀
1.-ster ,-eer ,-er (or )意为:从事某种职业或参与某种活动的人(person engaged in an occupation or activity)例词:gamester ,gangster ,songster ,engineer ,profiteer ,mountaineer ,auctioneer ,driver ,teacher ,director ,actor ,professor
2.-let 意为:小或者不重要的东西(small ,unimportant things)例词:booklet ,leaflet ,starlet
3.-ess意为:女性(female )例词:actress ,poetess ,hostess ,paintress
5.-hood意为:时期(status ;etc .)例词:boyhood ,childhood ,manhood
6.-ship意为:才能,状态,资格,品质等(skill ,state ,condition ,status ,quality )例词:leadership ,friendship ,membership ,lectureship ,sportsmanship
7.-ful 意为:量(the amount which noun contains)例词:cupful ,handful , mouthful ,spoonful
8.-tion ,-ion 意为:1)状态,行动等(state ;action ;etc .)例词:action ,oppression ,possession ,education ,starva- tion 2)机构等(institution ;etc .)例词: organization ,foundation
9.-ment 意为:状态,行动等(state ; action ;etc .)例词:movement ,enslavement ,pavement
10.-al 意为:动作(action )例词:arrival ,refusal ,revival ,recital ,removal
11.-age意为:程度,数量等(extent ; amount ;etc .)例词:wastage ,coverage , acreage ,shrinkage ,breakage ,hostage
12.-ness;-ity (ty )意为:状态,品质(state ;quality ;etc .)例词:happiness , usefulness ,selfishness ,kindness ,rapidity ,activity ,sanity ,changeability
13.-ism意为:道义,主义,学说等(doctrine of,practice of)例词:idealism , impressionism ,absenteeism ,racism
二、动词后缀
常见的此类后缀及其具体含义如下:
1.-ify 意为:转为,变为(to turn into,to make or become)例词:beautify , diversify ,simplify
2.-ize ;-en 意为:使……,变得……(to make or become ;to make into)例词:modernize ,popularize ,legalize ,hospitalize ,symbolize ,ripen ,widen ,heighten ,threaten
3.-ate 意为:增加,使……(give or add,make or become)例词:originate , hydrogenate ,validate ,differentiate
三、形容词后缀
常见的此类后缀及其具体含义如下:
1.-ful意为:充满,有(full of;having ;giving ;etc .)例词:useful ,pitiful , hopeful ,helpful ,forgetful ,thankful , fearful
2.-less 意为:没有,无(without ;not giving)例词:speechless ,childless ,harmless ,hopeless ,meaningless
3.-ly意为:有……品质的(having the qualities of)例词:beastly ,manly , brotherly ,friendly
4.-like 意为:像……的(like )例词: childlike ,statesmanlike ,tiger-like
5.-y;-ish 意为:像……一般的(somewhat like)例词:meaty ,sandy , silky ,hairy ,leafy ,watery ,foolish ,girlish ,blackish ,thinnish
6.-some意为:像……一样的;引起……的;有……品质的(like ;causing ; having the quality of)例词:troublesome ,burdensome ,wholesome ,tiresome ,bothersome
7.-able(ible )意为:能……的;可以……的(able to be ;capable )例词: changeable ,readable ,drinkable ,comfortable ,expansible ,convincible
8.-ed意为:有……的(having ,etc .)例词:wooded ,pointed ,moneyed , odd-shaped
9.-al意为:有……属性的,……类型的(nature of,typical of)例词:cultural ,personal ,regional ,musical
10.-ary(ory )意为:属于……的,与……相连的(belonging to;connected with)例词:revolutionary ,imaginary , contradictory
11.-ous意为:富含……的;有……品质的;像……的(full of;having the quality of ;like )例词:glorious ,erroneous ,malicious ,gracious
12.-ic(ical )意为:……类的;属于……的(typical of;belonging to)例词: historic ,historical ,methodic ,methodical ,dramatic ,heroic
13.-ive意为:有……属性的;有某种倾向的(having the nature or quality of;given or tending to)例词:attractive , talkative ,restrictive ,defensive ,preventive ,constructive ,sensitive
四、副词后缀
常见的此类后缀及其具体含义如下:
1.-ly意为:以……方式(in a...manner;etc .)
例词:happily , boldly ,attentive- ly,strangely
2.-ward(s )意为:表示方式或动作的方向(manner and direction of movement)例词:onward (s ),backward (s ),earthward (s ),homeward (s ),eastward (s )
Tips: 有一个元音的单音节词,结尾只有一个单音辅音,在加以元音后缀是,要双写这个辅音,例词:run + er = runner; hit + ing = hitting。
英语常用前后缀
前缀
一.表示否定的前缀
1.dis -加在名词、形容词,动词之前
disadvantage(缺点)dishonorable (不光彩的)disagree (不同意)
2.in-加在形容词,名词之前
incorrect(不正确的),inability (无能,无力),inaccurate (不准确的)
3.im-加在字母m,b,p 之前
impossible(不顺能的),impolite (不礼貌的),impudence (厚颜无耻)
4.il-加在以1开头的词前
illegal(非法的),illiterate (文盲的,无文化的)illogical (不合逻辑的)
5.ir-加在以r 开头的词前
irregular(不稳定的),irresistable (不可抵抗的),irresolvable (不能分解的,不能解决的)
6.un-加在名词,形容词,副词之前
unfinished(未完成的)undoubted (无疑的)unemployment (失业)
7.non-加在形容词,名词前
non-existence(不存在),non-essential (不主要的),non-electrical (非电的)
8.mis -加在动词、名词之前
misunderstand(误解),misjudge (误判),misleading (误导),misfortune (不幸)
9.dis-加地动词之前
disappear(消失),disarm (解除武装),disconnect (失去联系)
10.de-加在名词,形容词之前
demobilize(遣散;使…复员) decolor (脱色, 漂白)
11.anti-加在名词、形容词之前
anti-Japanese(抗日战争),anti-social (厌恶社会的,反社会的),antidite (解毒药)
12.counter-加在名词、动词前
counterattack(反攻,反击),counteract (抵抗,阻碍)counterrevolution (反革命)
二. 表示“前before”的前缀
1.pre-
preconception(成见),pre-exsiting (先于……而存在的),pre-selection (选举前的) preface (前言)
2.ante-
anteroom(前室,接待室),antecessor (先行者,先驱者)
3.fore-
forehaed(前额),foreground (前景),foreman (工头,领班),foresee (预见,先见),foretell (预言)
4.pro-
programme(计划),prologue (序幕)
5.ex-
ex-president(前任总统)ex-wife (前妻)
三. 表示“后-post”的前缀
1.post-
post-war(战后),post-position (后置词),postmeridian (下午)
四.表示“低”、“下”的前缀
1.hypo-
Hypocrisy(伪善,虚伪),hypothesis (假设),pypocholoride (次氯酸盐)
2.infra-
infra-red(红外线),infrahuman (低于人类的),infrasonic (亚声的,次声的)
3.sub-
sub-editou(副编辑),sub-way (地铁),sub-conscious (下意识的),submarine (海下的),subtropical (亚热带的),subtitle (副标题)
五.表示“回”、“再次”、“向后”的前缀
1.re-
refuel(给…加油),retranslate (再译),reinforce (加强),reconstruct (重建),return (返回)
2.retro-
retrograde(倒退的),retrospect (回顾)
六.表示“共同”、“和”的前缀
1.co-
co-exist(共存) ,co-operate (合作),co-education (男女同校)
七.表示“相互”、“之间”的前缀
1.inter-
interchangeble(可互换的),interdipendert (互相依靠的),international (国际的),inter-national (交往)
八. 表示“出”、“超出”的前缀
1.ec-
eclipse(蚀),ecstasy (狂想)
2.extra-
extraordinary(非凡的),extramural (校外的),extrasensory (超感觉的)
九. 表示“超过”的前缀
1.hyper-, preter-, super-, sur-, ultra-
hyper-sensitive(过敏的),preterhuman (超人的)
十.其它的前缀
1.auto-自
automatic(自动的),auto-autobilgraphy (自传)
2.mal-坏,恶
malnutrition(营养不良),maltreat (虐待)
3.micro-
microscope(显微镜),microtome (切片机)
4.tele-远
telegram(电报),telephone (电话),telescope (望远镜)
5.demi-,semi-hemi-
Semi-circle(半圆),hemisphere (半球),demilune (半月,新月)
6.uni-, mono-(单一, 单独)
Monotone(单调),monologue (独白),uniform (制服)
7.bi-,di-二
Biyearly(二年一次的),biweekly (二周一次的),dichloride (二氯化物)
8.tri-三
Triangle(三角),tripld (三角架)
9.multi-多
multi-colored(颜色多样的),multi-national (多国的)
10.trans-通过,横过
transcript(抄本, 副本; 记录),translation (翻译),trxnsparent (透明的),transport (运输),trans-plant (移植)
11.com-,con-,cor-,col-共同,和,完全
comment(评论),compile (编辑),correlation (相互关系),collect (收集),corruption (贪污腐败),collaborate (合作,合著)
12.en-,em-往……里,使……
encamp(扎营),enable(使……能) ,endear (使……受喜爱),embrace (拥抱, 抓住(机会) )
后缀
一、名词后缀
1.-ster ,-eer ,-er (or )意为:从事某种职业或参与某种活动的人(person engaged in an occupation or activity)例词:gamester ,gangster ,songster ,engineer ,profiteer ,mountaineer ,auctioneer ,driver ,teacher ,director ,actor ,professor
2.-let 意为:小或者不重要的东西(small ,unimportant things)例词:booklet ,leaflet ,starlet
3.-ess意为:女性(female )例词:actress ,poetess ,hostess ,paintress
5.-hood意为:时期(status ;etc .)例词:boyhood ,childhood ,manhood
6.-ship意为:才能,状态,资格,品质等(skill ,state ,condition ,status ,quality )例词:leadership ,friendship ,membership ,lectureship ,sportsmanship
7.-ful 意为:量(the amount which noun contains)例词:cupful ,handful , mouthful ,spoonful
8.-tion ,-ion 意为:1)状态,行动等(state ;action ;etc .)例词:action ,oppression ,possession ,education ,starva- tion 2)机构等(institution ;etc .)例词: organization ,foundation
9.-ment 意为:状态,行动等(state ; action ;etc .)例词:movement ,enslavement ,pavement
10.-al 意为:动作(action )例词:arrival ,refusal ,revival ,recital ,removal
11.-age意为:程度,数量等(extent ; amount ;etc .)例词:wastage ,coverage , acreage ,shrinkage ,breakage ,hostage
12.-ness;-ity (ty )意为:状态,品质(state ;quality ;etc .)例词:happiness , usefulness ,selfishness ,kindness ,rapidity ,activity ,sanity ,changeability
13.-ism意为:道义,主义,学说等(doctrine of,practice of)例词:idealism , impressionism ,absenteeism ,racism
二、动词后缀
常见的此类后缀及其具体含义如下:
1.-ify 意为:转为,变为(to turn into,to make or become)例词:beautify , diversify ,simplify
2.-ize ;-en 意为:使……,变得……(to make or become ;to make into)例词:modernize ,popularize ,legalize ,hospitalize ,symbolize ,ripen ,widen ,heighten ,threaten
3.-ate 意为:增加,使……(give or add,make or become)例词:originate , hydrogenate ,validate ,differentiate
三、形容词后缀
常见的此类后缀及其具体含义如下:
1.-ful意为:充满,有(full of;having ;giving ;etc .)例词:useful ,pitiful , hopeful ,helpful ,forgetful ,thankful , fearful
2.-less 意为:没有,无(without ;not giving)例词:speechless ,childless ,harmless ,hopeless ,meaningless
3.-ly意为:有……品质的(having the qualities of)例词:beastly ,manly , brotherly ,friendly
4.-like 意为:像……的(like )例词: childlike ,statesmanlike ,tiger-like
5.-y;-ish 意为:像……一般的(somewhat like)例词:meaty ,sandy , silky ,hairy ,leafy ,watery ,foolish ,girlish ,blackish ,thinnish
6.-some意为:像……一样的;引起……的;有……品质的(like ;causing ; having the quality of)例词:troublesome ,burdensome ,wholesome ,tiresome ,bothersome
7.-able(ible )意为:能……的;可以……的(able to be ;capable )例词: changeable ,readable ,drinkable ,comfortable ,expansible ,convincible
8.-ed意为:有……的(having ,etc .)例词:wooded ,pointed ,moneyed , odd-shaped
9.-al意为:有……属性的,……类型的(nature of,typical of)例词:cultural ,personal ,regional ,musical
10.-ary(ory )意为:属于……的,与……相连的(belonging to;connected with)例词:revolutionary ,imaginary , contradictory
11.-ous意为:富含……的;有……品质的;像……的(full of;having the quality of ;like )例词:glorious ,erroneous ,malicious ,gracious
12.-ic(ical )意为:……类的;属于……的(typical of;belonging to)例词: historic ,historical ,methodic ,methodical ,dramatic ,heroic
13.-ive意为:有……属性的;有某种倾向的(having the nature or quality of;given or tending to)例词:attractive , talkative ,restrictive ,defensive ,preventive ,constructive ,sensitive
四、副词后缀
常见的此类后缀及其具体含义如下:
1.-ly意为:以……方式(in a...manner;etc .)
例词:happily , boldly ,attentive- ly,strangely
2.-ward(s )意为:表示方式或动作的方向(manner and direction of movement)例词:onward (s ),backward (s ),earthward (s ),homeward (s ),eastward (s )
Tips: 有一个元音的单音节词,结尾只有一个单音辅音,在加以元音后缀是,要双写这个辅音,例词:run + er = runner; hit + ing = hitting。