Unit 1 Festivals Arond the World
语法：情态动词
情态助动词有十三个：
may, might; can, could; will, would; shall, should; must, need, dare, used to, ought to.
·情态动词的语法特征
1） 情态动词 不能单独做谓语，除ought 和have 外，后面只能接不带to 的不定
式。
2） 情态动词没有人称，数的变化，但有些情态动词，如can、will也有一般式
和过去式的变化。
3） 情态动词的“时态”形式并不是时间区别的主要标志，不少情况下，情态动
词的现在式形式和过去式形式都可用来表示现在时间、过去时间和将来时间。
can, could 和be able to的用法
1.can, be able to都可表示“能力”
Can的主语是人或物,be able to的主语是人 2.can只用于现在式和过去式(could)。be able to可以用于各种时态。 finish the work soon.
I could用于表示泛指过去的能力。如：
I could read when I was four. She ran fast but she catch the bus.
3.表示特定的某一过去能力或表示成功地做了某事时，只能用
was/were able to， 不能用could。
4.could不表示时态 ,表示委婉的请求，（注意在回答中不可用could）。
5.表示“惊异,怀疑,不相信”的态度(主要用于否定句,疑问句和感叹句中)
be Mary. She has fallen ill.
6.表示推测，译为“可能、或许”，can常用于否定句(意思是
问句；could除用于否定句及疑问句外,还可用于肯定句(意思是
以
Linda didn’t catch the train. She
1. may和might 用于一般问句中表示委婉的请求,肯定回答用may,否定用mustn’t
.
2. may和might表示“可能性”, may/might + v 指现在或将来可能发生的动作
情况。might暗示的可能性更小 3.对过去发生的事情的可能性作出判断用may/might have done,用might比用may
的可能性更小 4.may 放在句首祈使句，表示祝愿。
1.will和would表示意愿、意志，可用于各种人称 2.在疑问句中,will用于第二人称,表示请求或征求意见,would则语气更委婉 ？ ？
1.shall用于第二、三人称表示允诺、警告、命令、决心等。 (命令) (允诺) 决心)
2.在疑问句中,用于第一、三人称，用来表示请求或征求意见。 ？（征求意见） ？（请求）
3. should常表示劝告、建议、命令，与ought to意义相近，但ought to多表示责
任、义务，语气强烈。在疑问句中通常用should代替ought to。
Young people learn how to use computers. 4.should/ought to have done表示责备或批评,意为“本应该做到…但没有做到…”,
用于否定则表示“本不该…但”ought to的语气更强烈. She without saying a word.
1.Must用于一般问句中,肯定回答用must否定式用 needn’t或don’t have to，做“不
必”,mustn’t表示“禁止，不允许”
—
—
get down while the car is still moving.
2.表示“必须”这个意思时，must 和have to 稍有区别。must着重说明主观看法，
have to 强调客观需要。另外，have to 能用于更多时态。
I don’t like this TV set. We buy a new one. 3.must表示对某人某事的猜测， 作“准是”，“一定” ，一般用于肯定句中。对
过去发生的事情作肯定判断用must have done
4. Must表示“偏要，硬要”，指做令人不快的事情
He come and worry her with question, just when she was busy cooking the
dinner. Of course，after I gave her my advice，。
语法选择
1. how ________ you say that you really understand the whole story if you have
covered only part of the article?
a. can b. must c. need d. may
2. — the room is so dirty. ________ we clean it?
— of course.
a. will b. shall c. would d. do
3. my english-chinese dictionary has disappeared. who ________ have taken it?
a. should b. must c. could d. would
4. — is john coming by train?
— he should, but he ________ not. he likes driving his car.
a. must b. can c. need d. may
5. it’s nearly seven o’clock, jack ________ be here at any moment.
a. must b. need c. should d. can
6. the fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone ________ get out.
a. had to b. would c. was able to d. could
7. you can’t imagine that a well-behaved gentleman ________ be so rude to a lady.
a. might b. need c. should d. would
8. — write to me when you get home.
— ________.
a. i must b. i should c. i will d. i can
9. mr bush is on time for everything. how ________ it be that he was late for the
opening ceremony.
a. can b. should c. may d. must
10. when he was there, he ________ go to that coffee shop at the corner after work
everyday.
a. would b. should c. had better d. might
keys: 1-5 abcdc 6-10 cccaa
EXERCISES
1.---There were already five people in the car but they managed to take me as well.
---It ____a comfortable journey. ( )
A. can't be B. mustn't have been
C. shouldn't be D. couldn't have been
2.The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone ___ get out. ( )
A. had to B. would
C. could D. was able to
3. Peter ___ come with us tonight, but he isn’t very sure.
A. must B. can C. may D. will
4. --- Could I call you by your first name? --- Yes, you____.
A. will B. could C. can D. might
5. Sorry, I ’m late. I ___ have turned off the alarm clock and gone back to sleep again.
A. might B. should C. can D. will
6.--Excuse me, but I want to use your computer to type a report.
--You ____ have my computer if you don’t take care of it.
A. shan’t B. might not C. needn’t D. shouldn’t
7. With so much work on hand, you ____to see the game last night.
A. mustn’t go B. could have gone
C. shouldn’t go D. shouldn’t have gone
8.Johnny, you ______play with the knife, you ____hurt yourself. ( )
A. won't ; can't B. mustn't ; may
C. shouldn't ; must D. can't ; wouldn't
9. I missed the bus, so I ___ go home on foot.
A. must B. may C. can D. had to
1. mean的用法 I didn’t 1）mean to do意欲做 another hour.
2）mean doing意味着做 Be meant for 适合做
他说他不适合读书因为懒。
He says he _________________ a student for his laziness.
这次考试失败意味着要再考一次。
Failing this exam ___________________ another one.
我并不是故意迟到的。
I didn’t ____________ be late for school.
2. celebrate vt.
(1) 庆祝；祝贺 Christmas / one’s birthday / a victory (成功)
(2) 赞扬；称颂 词语辨析：celebrate, congratulate
celebrate后常接日期,事情或场合
congratulate后常接人
表示为某事而祝贺某人congratulate sb. on/upon sth.
ex：congratulate you on your marriage.
有时还表示私自庆幸的意思。
ex：I congratulated myself on my escape from being punished.
3. 英语中表示“发生”的词或短语均为不及物，不用于被动语态。主语为所发生的事。词语辨析：take place, happen, occur, come about, break out的比较
1）The wedding will take place tomorrow.
2）In 1919, the May 4th Movement took place in China.
take place发生,举行; 侧重安排或计划而发生的事,带有“非偶然”的意思
3) What has happened to her？碰巧，恰好
happen “发生”，普通用词，含义很广。常指具体客观事物或情况的发生，含有“偶然”的意味。
当以具体事物、事件作主语时，happen 和 occur可以换用；但当happen用作“碰巧”之意时，不能用occur代替，但可以与come about 互换。
4) It happened to rain that day.
5) The traffic accident occurred on Wednesday.
occur “发生，出现”,较正式用词，指事情偶然地、意外地发生或思想突然浮在心头。occur to 有“想起”的意思。
6) The Second World War broke out in 1939.
break out (火灾、战争、疾病)突然发生、爆发
come about “发生”, 往往注重事情发生的原因。且很多时候与how 连用。与happen 用法较接近
用take place , happen 和 come about 的正确形式填空
1. The May 4th Movement _____________ in 1919.
2. If anything ___________ to the machine, let me know at once.
3. The opening day of the play ___________ tomorrow night.
4. Can you tell me how it ___________?
4. starve: vt.使饿死
vi.饿得要死starve to death
be starved of/ starve for: 渴望
她很寂寞，渴望友谊：She is lonely, starving for friendship.
The motherless children were starved of/ were starving for affection.
他们在沙漠中迷路而饿死。
他们正急需一大笔钱来完成工作。
They got lost in the desert and ____________________.
They are _____________ a sum of money to finish their work.
n. starvation
饿死：die of ____________
5. a year/ day of plenty 富裕/丰收的年月
days/ years of plenty
——Have we got enough apples?
—— plenty of eggs/ food/milk… 足够的…
6. honour
1) 光荣，荣誉(n)
They fight for the honour of the country.
One must show honour to one’s parents.
2) in honour of 为了纪念
3) an hounour 光荣的人或事情
4) 尊敬,给以荣誉（v）
Children should honour their parents.
7. satisfy Vt. Vi. 使满意，使满足
Nothing can satisfy him except the best.
Some people are really hard to satisfy.
sb.be satisfied with 对…满意
渴望母爱
e.g. She’s not satisfied with her new house.
令人满意的： satisfying, satisfactory
满意：satisfaction
8. please Vt 使愉快，取悅…
It is difficult to please everybody.
Our aim is to please the customers.
pleased (人) 高兴的…愉快的
Pleasing (物) 令人愉快的
pleasant (物) 好听的，令人舒服的
pleasure 高兴的事情
听到她悦耳的声音我们很高兴.
We are _________ to hear her ___________voice. It is such a ___________ to us. I was very _________ to hear the news.
The news was very ___________ to us.
9. harm n 损害，伤害
e.g. He meant no harm to you.
( He didn’t intend to hurt you.)
do sb harm =do harm to sb=harm sb
The events has harmed the relations between the two countries.
food, flowers and gift….
词语辨析：offer, provide, supply
offer 主动提供。offer sth to sb; offer sb sth
provide 供给（所需物，尤指生活必需品）。
provide sth (for sb); provide sb with sth.
supply: 供应（所需要或所要求之物）。
supply sth to sb; supply sb with sth
When I meet difficulty, my roommates will_____me help. 他们悬赏找回丢失的珠宝。
They_______a reward for the return of the lost jewels.
政府得提供这些老人们吃穿。
The government need to_________these old people with food and clothes. 每个月都得供应足够的电。
Electricity should be _________enough every month.
11. in memory of = to the memory of sb
The museum was built in memory of the famous scientist.
in honor of in charge of
in search of sb. / sth.
12. dress up 盛装打扮，化装打扮
You don’t have to dress up. Come as you are.
Children love dressing up in Halloween.
dress oneself 给某人自己穿衣
dress sb 给某人穿衣服
你认识穿着白色裙子的那个女孩吗？
Do you know the girl who is dressed in a white skirt?
Do you know the girl who is wearing a white skirt?
Do you know the girl who has on a white skirt?
选词填空：wear dress have on put on
1. 2. Mr. Wu always 3.Xiao Wang 4.I like to my hat when I go out in Winter.
13. award
n. 奖品，奖项，奖金, 助学金 ……
She showed us the awards she had won.
Mary got an award and was able to finish her study.
vt. 授予……裁定……
award sb sth= award sth to sb
The judges awarded both teams equal points.
reward 回报,报酬
他因为努力学习而受奖。
他用100块钱酬谢这个工人。
He ______________ for studying hard.
He ____________ the worker with 100 yuan.
14. admire sb/sth (for …)
钦佩，羡慕
They admired our garden.
I admire him for his success in business.
我们都钦佩他的勇气和胆识。
We all ________________his courage and bravery.
admiration 名词 admirable 形容词
15. look forward to(介词) + n/ v-ing 盼望，期待
I’m looking forward to his coming.
以下短语中的to也为介词，后面加doing，而不是do
pay attention to 注意 devote…to 致力于
prefer to 更加喜欢 get down to 开始做
be used to 习惯于
--ward 向着…方向
backward 向后
forward 向前
16. as though= as if 好像，仿佛
1. 虚拟语气(从句所用的时态比前面真实句所用的时态倒退一个时态.) He behaved as if/ thoughHe talks as if/though2. 陈述语气（表示很可能的事实就用陈述语气,)
It looks as if/ though it is going to rain.
1.）他向我招手好像有事情告诉我。
He waved to me as if to tell me something.
2.） 这女孩环顾四周好像在找什么东西。
The girl looked around as if in search of something.
3.) 他说起来好像他是一个专家似的。
He talks as if he ____ an expert.
4.) 他英语讲得很流利，就像在英国学的一样。
He spoke English so fluently as if he ______ it in England.
5.) 看起来我们对要赢了。
It looks as if our team _______________.
17. turn up
1) appear 出现,露面
他到目前还没有出现。
He __________________so far.
你总是迟到!(做事慢慢吞吞的)
You’re always __________ late for everything!
2)调大声音，把...开大点儿
请把火调大一点。
Please _________ the fire.
相关短语:
turn down 关小，拒绝
turn off 关掉
turn on 打开
turn out 结果是
turn to sb. for help 向某人求助
18. keep one’s word 守信用, 遵守诺言
break one’s word 违背诺言
in a word 简言之
in other words 换句话说
have a word with sb. 与某人交谈
have words with sb. (about sth.) 关于某事与某人争吵
我想和你谈一下。
I’d like to ___________ with you.
A gentleman should always __ his __.
A. keeps; word
B. keep; word
C. keeps; words
D. keep; words
19. hold one’s breath 屏息
当那个女孩看到那条蛇的时候，她屏住呼吸。
The girl _____________ at the sight of the snake.
take breath 呼吸 one’s breath= be 喘不过气来
breathe v. breath n.
When we got to the top of the mountain, we were nearly _________.
• A. under our breath B. lost our breath
• C. caught our breath D. out of breath
20. apologize 道歉
apologize = say sorry to sb for doing sth
你必须为你的粗鲁行为向老师道歉。
You must apologize _______ the teacher ________ being so rude.
apology n.
21. drown (drowned, drowned )浸、泡, 淹没,淹死
洪水淹没了街道和房子。
The floods ___________ the streets and houses.
借… 消愁
drown one’s sorrow/sadness in…
drown one’s sorrow/sadness in coffee
Frank tried to save the ___________ girl in the river, but unfortunately he was _______.
A. drowned; drowning B. drowning; drowned
C. drowned; drowned D. drowning; drowning
22. It was obvious that the manager of the coffee shop was waiting for Li Fang to leave...
obvious adj. 明显的， 清楚的
▲It + be + obvious +that-clause
It was obvious that she was in danger.
23. wipe (wiped, wiped)
Vt 擦，擦去
• wipe off 抹掉，擦掉
• wipe up 擦干净，歼灭
The students on duty ____________ the blackboard during break.
A. Wiped the words off B. washed
C. Cleaned D. A and C
clean the blackboard
wipe the words off the blackboard
24. remind sb. of sth 提醒某人某事
remind sb. to do sth
remind sb. that…
1) 他提醒我那个承诺。He reminded me of my promise.
2) 他提醒我要早起。He reminded me to get up early.
3) 他提醒我本应该小心点。He reminded that I should have been more careful.
25. As Li Fang set off for home, he thought...
set off: 动身, 出发; (侧重去某一个地方）； 使（地雷、炸弹）爆炸;
Tom and his father set off for America yesterday.
The bomb set off among the crowd.
相关短语：
set about doing sth.
= set out to do sth 着手（做某事）
26. 用custom, practice 和 habit
1）I have the _______ of getting up early.
2） It is the ________ for the Japanese to take off their shoes when they get into
a hall.
3） Social ___________ differ from country to country.
4） He makes a _________ of cheating at examinations.
5） We should pay _______ when we import from abroad.
#.custom 指传统风俗、习俗，也可指生活习惯，后接不定式。
#.practice 习俗，惯例; 与custom近义，但含贬义。
make a practice of …惯常做某事。
#.habit 生活习惯，后接of doing, 不可接不定式。
选词填空：
worldwide/ permission/ apologize/ drown/sadness/ wipe/weep / forgive/ obvious/ turn up/ keep one’s word/ hold one’s breath/ set off/ remind…of…
1) You shouldn’t tell such lies.
2) They entered the area without .
3) The poor man is his sorrows.
.
5) The man should to you for knocking you down.
6) He can’t himself for not seeing his mother before she died.
7) He is always waiting for something to .
in the garden.
9) You may depend on what he says, for he is a person who always .
at the finish.
what he had seen in China.
选用下列单词的正确形式填空：
ancestor belief gather agricultural admire
award starve mean
1. She has been a_______ a scholarship to study at Harvard.
2. The a_______of whom I am proudest is my great grandfather.
3. When a boy leaves college and begins to earn money, he can live a life of i____________.
4. Dark clouds were g________in the sky. Heavy rain would come soon.
5. I like to take some e________ exercise at weekends.
6. A__________ in this country has developed greatly after liberation.
用下列短语造句：
in memory of dress up as if play a trick on look forward to day and night have fun with
1. A celebration was held ____________________________ (为了纪念这位著名的作家).
2. Children love __________ (打扮) .
3. The naughty students ______________________________ (正在和他们的老师玩恶作剧).
4. I am ___________________________ (盼望着见到他 ).
5. The three men took turns driving the truck, and ___________________________________ (他们夜以继日地驾驶了三天).
6. It looks _____________________ __________________ (好像他们都很着急).
7. At the Spring Festival in China, people love to get together to eat, drink and _____________________ (彼此都玩得很开心).
根据首字母提示，用单词的适当形式填空。
1. the children were wearing traditional n________ dress.
2. what do you hope to g________ from the course?
3. missing a meal once in a while never did anyone any h________.
4. mexico gained its i________ from spain in l821.
5. on a________ at the police station, they were taken to an interview room.
6. jack has passed his examination, so we’re going out to c________.
7. a local poor peasant l________ the soldiers through the forest.
8. there is no doubt that the basic needs of the people should be s________ first.
9. whole communities s________ to death during the long drought.
10. her unhappy childhood was the o________ of her problems later in life.
11. the school is widely a________ for its excellent teaching.
12. a crowd g________ to see what had happened.
13. they have authorized ________ of £900 to each of the victims.
14. in my village, it is the c________ for a girl to take her mother’s name
15. she’s dreaming she’ll meet a tall, dark h________ man by chance in the street. keys: 1. national 2. gain 3. harm 4. independence 5. arrival
6. celebrate 7. led 8. satisfied 9. starved 10. origin
11. admired 12. gathered 13. awards 14. custom 15. handsome
请从下面方框中选择适当的单词或短语并用其正确形式填空。
agriculture, decorate, energy, religion, society, play tricks on, in memory of look forward to, day and night, as though, dress up, took place, in the shape of
1. you don’t need to ________, just to go to the pub — jeans and a t-shirt will do.
2. the police may never discover what ________ that night, because mr smith, the only eyewitness, died last night.
3. i hate the smell of paint when i’m ________.
4. luckily, help arrived ________ a police officer.
5. it’s acceptable to ________ your friends on april 1st.
6. the government set up a monument ________ the heroes who died in the war.
7. i’m ________ hearing from you.
8. he behaved ________ he hadn’t known anything about it.
9. those workers worked ________ to finish the task.
10. the country’s economy is mainly ________ and depends on crops like coffee.
11. most british schools organize ________ events for the students.
12. i tried aerobics (有氧运动) but it was too ________ for me.
13. he’s deeply ________ and goes to church twice a week.
keys:
1. dress up 2. took place 3. decorating 4. in the shape of 5. play tricks on
6. in memory of 7. looking forward to 8. as though 9. day and night 10. agricultural
11. social 12. energetic 13. religious
单项选择
1. — isn’t that ann’s husband over there?
— no, it ________ be him — i’m sure he doesn’t wear glasses. (nmet 2004) a. can’t b. must not c. won’t d. may not
2. the discovery of new evidence led to ________. (上海 2003)
a. the thief having caught b. catch the thief
c. the thief being caught d. the thief to be caught
3. the foreign minister said, “________ our hope that the two sides will work towards peace.”
(北京2004)
a. this is b. there is c. that is d. it is
4. it’s widely accepted that young babies learn to do things because certain acts lead to ________.
(上海 2001)
a. rewards b. prizes c. awards d. results
5. i’d like to arrive 20 minutes early ________ i can have time for a cup of tea. (北京 2005)
a. as soon as b. as a result c. in case d. so that
6. when a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it ________. (nmet 1995)
a. breaks b. has broken c. were broken d. had been broken
7. allow children the space to voice their opinions, ________ they are different from your own.
(湖南 2005)
a. until b. even if c. unless d. as though
8. “you can’t catch me!” sanet shouted, ________ away. (全国i 2005) a. run b. running c. to run d. ran
9. a cook will be immediately fired if he is found ________ in the kitchen. (nmet 2003)
a. smoke b. smoking c. to smoke d. smoked
10. listen to the two girls by the window. what language ________? (全国i 2005)
a. did they speak b. were they speaking c. are they speaking d. have they been speaking keys: 1-5 acdad 6-10 cbbbd
Unit 1 Festivals Arond the World
语法：情态动词
情态助动词有十三个：
may, might; can, could; will, would; shall, should; must, need, dare, used to, ought to.
·情态动词的语法特征
1） 情态动词 不能单独做谓语，除ought 和have 外，后面只能接不带to 的不定
式。
2） 情态动词没有人称，数的变化，但有些情态动词，如can、will也有一般式
和过去式的变化。
3） 情态动词的“时态”形式并不是时间区别的主要标志，不少情况下，情态动
词的现在式形式和过去式形式都可用来表示现在时间、过去时间和将来时间。
can, could 和be able to的用法
1.can, be able to都可表示“能力”
Can的主语是人或物,be able to的主语是人 2.can只用于现在式和过去式(could)。be able to可以用于各种时态。 finish the work soon.
I could用于表示泛指过去的能力。如：
I could read when I was four. She ran fast but she catch the bus.
3.表示特定的某一过去能力或表示成功地做了某事时，只能用
was/were able to， 不能用could。
4.could不表示时态 ,表示委婉的请求，（注意在回答中不可用could）。
5.表示“惊异,怀疑,不相信”的态度(主要用于否定句,疑问句和感叹句中)
be Mary. She has fallen ill.
6.表示推测，译为“可能、或许”，can常用于否定句(意思是
问句；could除用于否定句及疑问句外,还可用于肯定句(意思是
以
Linda didn’t catch the train. She
1. may和might 用于一般问句中表示委婉的请求,肯定回答用may,否定用mustn’t
.
2. may和might表示“可能性”, may/might + v 指现在或将来可能发生的动作
情况。might暗示的可能性更小 3.对过去发生的事情的可能性作出判断用may/might have done,用might比用may
的可能性更小 4.may 放在句首祈使句，表示祝愿。
1.will和would表示意愿、意志，可用于各种人称 2.在疑问句中,will用于第二人称,表示请求或征求意见,would则语气更委婉 ？ ？
1.shall用于第二、三人称表示允诺、警告、命令、决心等。 (命令) (允诺) 决心)
2.在疑问句中,用于第一、三人称，用来表示请求或征求意见。 ？（征求意见） ？（请求）
3. should常表示劝告、建议、命令，与ought to意义相近，但ought to多表示责
任、义务，语气强烈。在疑问句中通常用should代替ought to。
Young people learn how to use computers. 4.should/ought to have done表示责备或批评,意为“本应该做到…但没有做到…”,
用于否定则表示“本不该…但”ought to的语气更强烈. She without saying a word.
1.Must用于一般问句中,肯定回答用must否定式用 needn’t或don’t have to，做“不
必”,mustn’t表示“禁止，不允许”
—
—
get down while the car is still moving.
2.表示“必须”这个意思时，must 和have to 稍有区别。must着重说明主观看法，
have to 强调客观需要。另外，have to 能用于更多时态。
I don’t like this TV set. We buy a new one. 3.must表示对某人某事的猜测， 作“准是”，“一定” ，一般用于肯定句中。对
过去发生的事情作肯定判断用must have done
4. Must表示“偏要，硬要”，指做令人不快的事情
He come and worry her with question, just when she was busy cooking the
dinner. Of course，after I gave her my advice，。
语法选择
1. how ________ you say that you really understand the whole story if you have
covered only part of the article?
a. can b. must c. need d. may
2. — the room is so dirty. ________ we clean it?
— of course.
a. will b. shall c. would d. do
3. my english-chinese dictionary has disappeared. who ________ have taken it?
a. should b. must c. could d. would
4. — is john coming by train?
— he should, but he ________ not. he likes driving his car.
a. must b. can c. need d. may
5. it’s nearly seven o’clock, jack ________ be here at any moment.
a. must b. need c. should d. can
6. the fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone ________ get out.
a. had to b. would c. was able to d. could
7. you can’t imagine that a well-behaved gentleman ________ be so rude to a lady.
a. might b. need c. should d. would
8. — write to me when you get home.
— ________.
a. i must b. i should c. i will d. i can
9. mr bush is on time for everything. how ________ it be that he was late for the
opening ceremony.
a. can b. should c. may d. must
10. when he was there, he ________ go to that coffee shop at the corner after work
everyday.
a. would b. should c. had better d. might
keys: 1-5 abcdc 6-10 cccaa
EXERCISES
1.---There were already five people in the car but they managed to take me as well.
---It ____a comfortable journey. ( )
A. can't be B. mustn't have been
C. shouldn't be D. couldn't have been
2.The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone ___ get out. ( )
A. had to B. would
C. could D. was able to
3. Peter ___ come with us tonight, but he isn’t very sure.
A. must B. can C. may D. will
4. --- Could I call you by your first name? --- Yes, you____.
A. will B. could C. can D. might
5. Sorry, I ’m late. I ___ have turned off the alarm clock and gone back to sleep again.
A. might B. should C. can D. will
6.--Excuse me, but I want to use your computer to type a report.
--You ____ have my computer if you don’t take care of it.
A. shan’t B. might not C. needn’t D. shouldn’t
7. With so much work on hand, you ____to see the game last night.
A. mustn’t go B. could have gone
C. shouldn’t go D. shouldn’t have gone
8.Johnny, you ______play with the knife, you ____hurt yourself. ( )
A. won't ; can't B. mustn't ; may
C. shouldn't ; must D. can't ; wouldn't
9. I missed the bus, so I ___ go home on foot.
A. must B. may C. can D. had to
1. mean的用法 I didn’t 1）mean to do意欲做 another hour.
2）mean doing意味着做 Be meant for 适合做
他说他不适合读书因为懒。
He says he _________________ a student for his laziness.
这次考试失败意味着要再考一次。
Failing this exam ___________________ another one.
我并不是故意迟到的。
I didn’t ____________ be late for school.
2. celebrate vt.
(1) 庆祝；祝贺 Christmas / one’s birthday / a victory (成功)
(2) 赞扬；称颂 词语辨析：celebrate, congratulate
celebrate后常接日期,事情或场合
congratulate后常接人
表示为某事而祝贺某人congratulate sb. on/upon sth.
ex：congratulate you on your marriage.
有时还表示私自庆幸的意思。
ex：I congratulated myself on my escape from being punished.
3. 英语中表示“发生”的词或短语均为不及物，不用于被动语态。主语为所发生的事。词语辨析：take place, happen, occur, come about, break out的比较
1）The wedding will take place tomorrow.
2）In 1919, the May 4th Movement took place in China.
take place发生,举行; 侧重安排或计划而发生的事,带有“非偶然”的意思
3) What has happened to her？碰巧，恰好
happen “发生”，普通用词，含义很广。常指具体客观事物或情况的发生，含有“偶然”的意味。
当以具体事物、事件作主语时，happen 和 occur可以换用；但当happen用作“碰巧”之意时，不能用occur代替，但可以与come about 互换。
4) It happened to rain that day.
5) The traffic accident occurred on Wednesday.
occur “发生，出现”,较正式用词，指事情偶然地、意外地发生或思想突然浮在心头。occur to 有“想起”的意思。
6) The Second World War broke out in 1939.
break out (火灾、战争、疾病)突然发生、爆发
come about “发生”, 往往注重事情发生的原因。且很多时候与how 连用。与happen 用法较接近
用take place , happen 和 come about 的正确形式填空
1. The May 4th Movement _____________ in 1919.
2. If anything ___________ to the machine, let me know at once.
3. The opening day of the play ___________ tomorrow night.
4. Can you tell me how it ___________?
4. starve: vt.使饿死
vi.饿得要死starve to death
be starved of/ starve for: 渴望
她很寂寞，渴望友谊：She is lonely, starving for friendship.
The motherless children were starved of/ were starving for affection.
他们在沙漠中迷路而饿死。
他们正急需一大笔钱来完成工作。
They got lost in the desert and ____________________.
They are _____________ a sum of money to finish their work.
n. starvation
饿死：die of ____________
5. a year/ day of plenty 富裕/丰收的年月
days/ years of plenty
——Have we got enough apples?
—— plenty of eggs/ food/milk… 足够的…
6. honour
1) 光荣，荣誉(n)
They fight for the honour of the country.
One must show honour to one’s parents.
2) in honour of 为了纪念
3) an hounour 光荣的人或事情
4) 尊敬,给以荣誉（v）
Children should honour their parents.
7. satisfy Vt. Vi. 使满意，使满足
Nothing can satisfy him except the best.
Some people are really hard to satisfy.
sb.be satisfied with 对…满意
渴望母爱
e.g. She’s not satisfied with her new house.
令人满意的： satisfying, satisfactory
满意：satisfaction
8. please Vt 使愉快，取悅…
It is difficult to please everybody.
Our aim is to please the customers.
pleased (人) 高兴的…愉快的
Pleasing (物) 令人愉快的
pleasant (物) 好听的，令人舒服的
pleasure 高兴的事情
听到她悦耳的声音我们很高兴.
We are _________ to hear her ___________voice. It is such a ___________ to us. I was very _________ to hear the news.
The news was very ___________ to us.
9. harm n 损害，伤害
e.g. He meant no harm to you.
( He didn’t intend to hurt you.)
do sb harm =do harm to sb=harm sb
The events has harmed the relations between the two countries.
food, flowers and gift….
词语辨析：offer, provide, supply
offer 主动提供。offer sth to sb; offer sb sth
provide 供给（所需物，尤指生活必需品）。
provide sth (for sb); provide sb with sth.
supply: 供应（所需要或所要求之物）。
supply sth to sb; supply sb with sth
When I meet difficulty, my roommates will_____me help. 他们悬赏找回丢失的珠宝。
They_______a reward for the return of the lost jewels.
政府得提供这些老人们吃穿。
The government need to_________these old people with food and clothes. 每个月都得供应足够的电。
Electricity should be _________enough every month.
11. in memory of = to the memory of sb
The museum was built in memory of the famous scientist.
in honor of in charge of
in search of sb. / sth.
12. dress up 盛装打扮，化装打扮
You don’t have to dress up. Come as you are.
Children love dressing up in Halloween.
dress oneself 给某人自己穿衣
dress sb 给某人穿衣服
你认识穿着白色裙子的那个女孩吗？
Do you know the girl who is dressed in a white skirt?
Do you know the girl who is wearing a white skirt?
Do you know the girl who has on a white skirt?
选词填空：wear dress have on put on
1. 2. Mr. Wu always 3.Xiao Wang 4.I like to my hat when I go out in Winter.
13. award
n. 奖品，奖项，奖金, 助学金 ……
She showed us the awards she had won.
Mary got an award and was able to finish her study.
vt. 授予……裁定……
award sb sth= award sth to sb
The judges awarded both teams equal points.
reward 回报,报酬
他因为努力学习而受奖。
他用100块钱酬谢这个工人。
He ______________ for studying hard.
He ____________ the worker with 100 yuan.
14. admire sb/sth (for …)
钦佩，羡慕
They admired our garden.
I admire him for his success in business.
我们都钦佩他的勇气和胆识。
We all ________________his courage and bravery.
admiration 名词 admirable 形容词
15. look forward to(介词) + n/ v-ing 盼望，期待
I’m looking forward to his coming.
以下短语中的to也为介词，后面加doing，而不是do
pay attention to 注意 devote…to 致力于
prefer to 更加喜欢 get down to 开始做
be used to 习惯于
--ward 向着…方向
backward 向后
forward 向前
16. as though= as if 好像，仿佛
1. 虚拟语气(从句所用的时态比前面真实句所用的时态倒退一个时态.) He behaved as if/ thoughHe talks as if/though2. 陈述语气（表示很可能的事实就用陈述语气,)
It looks as if/ though it is going to rain.
1.）他向我招手好像有事情告诉我。
He waved to me as if to tell me something.
2.） 这女孩环顾四周好像在找什么东西。
The girl looked around as if in search of something.
3.) 他说起来好像他是一个专家似的。
He talks as if he ____ an expert.
4.) 他英语讲得很流利，就像在英国学的一样。
He spoke English so fluently as if he ______ it in England.
5.) 看起来我们对要赢了。
It looks as if our team _______________.
17. turn up
1) appear 出现,露面
他到目前还没有出现。
He __________________so far.
你总是迟到!(做事慢慢吞吞的)
You’re always __________ late for everything!
2)调大声音，把...开大点儿
请把火调大一点。
Please _________ the fire.
相关短语:
turn down 关小，拒绝
turn off 关掉
turn on 打开
turn out 结果是
turn to sb. for help 向某人求助
18. keep one’s word 守信用, 遵守诺言
break one’s word 违背诺言
in a word 简言之
in other words 换句话说
have a word with sb. 与某人交谈
have words with sb. (about sth.) 关于某事与某人争吵
我想和你谈一下。
I’d like to ___________ with you.
A gentleman should always __ his __.
A. keeps; word
B. keep; word
C. keeps; words
D. keep; words
19. hold one’s breath 屏息
当那个女孩看到那条蛇的时候，她屏住呼吸。
The girl _____________ at the sight of the snake.
take breath 呼吸 one’s breath= be 喘不过气来
breathe v. breath n.
When we got to the top of the mountain, we were nearly _________.
• A. under our breath B. lost our breath
• C. caught our breath D. out of breath
20. apologize 道歉
apologize = say sorry to sb for doing sth
你必须为你的粗鲁行为向老师道歉。
You must apologize _______ the teacher ________ being so rude.
apology n.
21. drown (drowned, drowned )浸、泡, 淹没,淹死
洪水淹没了街道和房子。
The floods ___________ the streets and houses.
借… 消愁
drown one’s sorrow/sadness in…
drown one’s sorrow/sadness in coffee
Frank tried to save the ___________ girl in the river, but unfortunately he was _______.
A. drowned; drowning B. drowning; drowned
C. drowned; drowned D. drowning; drowning
22. It was obvious that the manager of the coffee shop was waiting for Li Fang to leave...
obvious adj. 明显的， 清楚的
▲It + be + obvious +that-clause
It was obvious that she was in danger.
23. wipe (wiped, wiped)
Vt 擦，擦去
• wipe off 抹掉，擦掉
• wipe up 擦干净，歼灭
The students on duty ____________ the blackboard during break.
A. Wiped the words off B. washed
C. Cleaned D. A and C
clean the blackboard
wipe the words off the blackboard
24. remind sb. of sth 提醒某人某事
remind sb. to do sth
remind sb. that…
1) 他提醒我那个承诺。He reminded me of my promise.
2) 他提醒我要早起。He reminded me to get up early.
3) 他提醒我本应该小心点。He reminded that I should have been more careful.
25. As Li Fang set off for home, he thought...
set off: 动身, 出发; (侧重去某一个地方）； 使（地雷、炸弹）爆炸;
Tom and his father set off for America yesterday.
The bomb set off among the crowd.
相关短语：
set about doing sth.
= set out to do sth 着手（做某事）
26. 用custom, practice 和 habit
1）I have the _______ of getting up early.
2） It is the ________ for the Japanese to take off their shoes when they get into
a hall.
3） Social ___________ differ from country to country.
4） He makes a _________ of cheating at examinations.
5） We should pay _______ when we import from abroad.
#.custom 指传统风俗、习俗，也可指生活习惯，后接不定式。
#.practice 习俗，惯例; 与custom近义，但含贬义。
make a practice of …惯常做某事。
#.habit 生活习惯，后接of doing, 不可接不定式。
选词填空：
worldwide/ permission/ apologize/ drown/sadness/ wipe/weep / forgive/ obvious/ turn up/ keep one’s word/ hold one’s breath/ set off/ remind…of…
1) You shouldn’t tell such lies.
2) They entered the area without .
3) The poor man is his sorrows.
.
5) The man should to you for knocking you down.
6) He can’t himself for not seeing his mother before she died.
7) He is always waiting for something to .
in the garden.
9) You may depend on what he says, for he is a person who always .
at the finish.
what he had seen in China.
选用下列单词的正确形式填空：
ancestor belief gather agricultural admire
award starve mean
1. She has been a_______ a scholarship to study at Harvard.
2. The a_______of whom I am proudest is my great grandfather.
3. When a boy leaves college and begins to earn money, he can live a life of i____________.
4. Dark clouds were g________in the sky. Heavy rain would come soon.
5. I like to take some e________ exercise at weekends.
6. A__________ in this country has developed greatly after liberation.
用下列短语造句：
in memory of dress up as if play a trick on look forward to day and night have fun with
1. A celebration was held ____________________________ (为了纪念这位著名的作家).
2. Children love __________ (打扮) .
3. The naughty students ______________________________ (正在和他们的老师玩恶作剧).
4. I am ___________________________ (盼望着见到他 ).
5. The three men took turns driving the truck, and ___________________________________ (他们夜以继日地驾驶了三天).
6. It looks _____________________ __________________ (好像他们都很着急).
7. At the Spring Festival in China, people love to get together to eat, drink and _____________________ (彼此都玩得很开心).
根据首字母提示，用单词的适当形式填空。
1. the children were wearing traditional n________ dress.
2. what do you hope to g________ from the course?
3. missing a meal once in a while never did anyone any h________.
4. mexico gained its i________ from spain in l821.
5. on a________ at the police station, they were taken to an interview room.
6. jack has passed his examination, so we’re going out to c________.
7. a local poor peasant l________ the soldiers through the forest.
8. there is no doubt that the basic needs of the people should be s________ first.
9. whole communities s________ to death during the long drought.
10. her unhappy childhood was the o________ of her problems later in life.
11. the school is widely a________ for its excellent teaching.
12. a crowd g________ to see what had happened.
13. they have authorized ________ of £900 to each of the victims.
14. in my village, it is the c________ for a girl to take her mother’s name
15. she’s dreaming she’ll meet a tall, dark h________ man by chance in the street. keys: 1. national 2. gain 3. harm 4. independence 5. arrival
6. celebrate 7. led 8. satisfied 9. starved 10. origin
11. admired 12. gathered 13. awards 14. custom 15. handsome
请从下面方框中选择适当的单词或短语并用其正确形式填空。
agriculture, decorate, energy, religion, society, play tricks on, in memory of look forward to, day and night, as though, dress up, took place, in the shape of
1. you don’t need to ________, just to go to the pub — jeans and a t-shirt will do.
2. the police may never discover what ________ that night, because mr smith, the only eyewitness, died last night.
3. i hate the smell of paint when i’m ________.
4. luckily, help arrived ________ a police officer.
5. it’s acceptable to ________ your friends on april 1st.
6. the government set up a monument ________ the heroes who died in the war.
7. i’m ________ hearing from you.
8. he behaved ________ he hadn’t known anything about it.
9. those workers worked ________ to finish the task.
10. the country’s economy is mainly ________ and depends on crops like coffee.
11. most british schools organize ________ events for the students.
12. i tried aerobics (有氧运动) but it was too ________ for me.
13. he’s deeply ________ and goes to church twice a week.
keys:
1. dress up 2. took place 3. decorating 4. in the shape of 5. play tricks on
6. in memory of 7. looking forward to 8. as though 9. day and night 10. agricultural
11. social 12. energetic 13. religious
单项选择
1. — isn’t that ann’s husband over there?
— no, it ________ be him — i’m sure he doesn’t wear glasses. (nmet 2004) a. can’t b. must not c. won’t d. may not
2. the discovery of new evidence led to ________. (上海 2003)
a. the thief having caught b. catch the thief
c. the thief being caught d. the thief to be caught
3. the foreign minister said, “________ our hope that the two sides will work towards peace.”
(北京2004)
a. this is b. there is c. that is d. it is
4. it’s widely accepted that young babies learn to do things because certain acts lead to ________.
(上海 2001)
a. rewards b. prizes c. awards d. results
5. i’d like to arrive 20 minutes early ________ i can have time for a cup of tea. (北京 2005)
a. as soon as b. as a result c. in case d. so that
6. when a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it ________. (nmet 1995)
a. breaks b. has broken c. were broken d. had been broken
7. allow children the space to voice their opinions, ________ they are different from your own.
(湖南 2005)
a. until b. even if c. unless d. as though
8. “you can’t catch me!” sanet shouted, ________ away. (全国i 2005) a. run b. running c. to run d. ran
9. a cook will be immediately fired if he is found ________ in the kitchen. (nmet 2003)
a. smoke b. smoking c. to smoke d. smoked
10. listen to the two girls by the window. what language ________? (全国i 2005)
a. did they speak b. were they speaking c. are they speaking d. have they been speaking keys: 1-5 acdad 6-10 cbbbd