英语冠词的用法
冠词的基本概念
冠词,是用来表示名词特性的一种词,它表示名词可数不可数、单数复数、任何一个还
是特定的一个等。也就是说,冠词与名词是紧密连在一起的。冠词有三种: 不定冠词a/an,定冠词the ,还有一种名词前不用冠词的情况叫零冠词。
【区别a 和an 】
a / an 用在单数可数名词前面,表示这个人或事物是泛指的不确定的一个,相当于中
文的“一个”。注意:可数的单数名词前,必须要用a / an 或the. 我们不能说 boy, desk, dog,而必须说 a boy / the boy.
a 用在读音为辅音音素开头的名词之前, 而 an 用在读音为元音音素开头的名词之
前。注意:这里指的是“读音”,而不仅仅指字母。也就是a 用在以辅音音素开头的词前,而不一定是辅音字母前;an 用在以元音音素开头的词前,而不一定是元音字母前,例如
a university [ju:ni'və:siti]一所大学 (虽然u 是元音字母,但音标是以j 开头,
不是元音音素u 。)
an hour ['auə]一个小时 (虽然h 不是元音字母,但单词读音是元音音素a 开头)
元音是指元音音素,不是元音字母。a e i o u 为元音字母,元音音素有很多,如:|i:|
|i| |e| |æ| |u:| |u| |ei| |ai| |a:| 等
一般说来,元音字母发元音,辅音字母发辅音,但是有些单词比较特殊,请记住下面列举
出的单词。
1. 拼写以辅音字母开头读音却以元音音素开头的单词hour, honest, honor等,可熟
记下面这句话:
An hour ago, an honest man accepted an honorable task.(一小时前,一位诚实的
人接受了一项光荣的任务。)
另外,当字母 A E I O R S F H L X 单独出现时也要使用不定冠词"an" ,因为这些字
母的发音都是以元音音素开头的。
2. 拼写以元音字母开头读音却以辅音音素开头的单词useful, university, usual,
European, united, one-eyed, one-way等单词的拼写虽然以元音字母开头,但其读音却以
辅音开头,因此,前面要用a ,可熟记下面这句话:
In a university, a European and a one-eyed man walk along a one-way road with a usual tool. This is a usual thing.
(在一所大学里,有一个欧洲人和一个独眼龙拿着有用的工具沿着一条单行道行走,这
是件平常的事。)
【不定冠词用法一】
1. 用于可数名词的单数形式之前,表示" 一"
There is a tiger in the zoo。 动物园里有一只老虎。
A hundred and more people attended this meeting. 100多人参加了这次会议。
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2.表示一类人或事物。
A tiger can be dangerous. 老虎可能有危害性。
3.表示" 某一个" 的意思。
A gentleman wants to see you. 有一位先生要见你。
4.表示" 同一" 的意思。
They are nearly of an height. 他们几乎一样高。
The two shirts are much of a size. 这两件衬衫大小差不多。
5. 表示" 每一" 的意思。 We go swimming four times a week. 我们每周去游泳四次。
6.用在作表语的单数可数名词前,表示身份、职业。
My mother is a teacher. 我妈妈是教师。
7. 第一次提到的人或事物,但不特别指明是哪一个。
Long long ago there was an old king who had a very beautiful daughter.
很久很久以前,有一个年老的国王,他有一个非常美丽的女儿。
8. 在such a,quite a句式中。
He is quite a good actor. 他是一个相当好的演员。
Don't be in such a hurry. 不要如此匆忙。
9. 在感叹句 what...的句式中。
What a pretty girl she is! 她是一个多么漂亮的女孩呀!
另外,a / an 也可用在不可数名词前面,这时,这个不可数名词就变成了可数的单数名词,意义上也有变化。例如:
glass 玻璃 → a glass 一只玻璃杯
wood 木头 → a wood 一片树林
power 威力 → a power大国
beauty 美丽 → a beauty美人, 美的事物
【随堂练习】
1) Do you have _____ ruler?
2) There is _____ university over there.
3) At that time, Tom was _____ one-year-old baby.
4) _____ horse is useful to mankind.
5) _____ bird can fly.
6) _____ lady is waiting for you outside.
7) Hey !You are here!_____ little boy has looked for you for a long time.
8) Tom and Jim are of _____ age.
9) Our skirts are almost of _____ price.
10) I go to the library once _____ week at least.
11) The potato is sold at about 1 dollar _____ kilogram.
12) My father is _____ scientist.
13) My brother works as _____ policeman in Zhongshan.
14) There is _____ old computer in that room, do you know whose it is?
15) Once I had _____ beautiful tool car, but it has been lost now.
16) She is quite _____ good mother.
17) You are such _____ clever boy.
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18) What _____ honest man he is!
【不定冠词用法二】
1.在不引起误会的情况下,两个并列名词中的后一个名词前的不定冠词可以省略:
The noun is the name of a person or thing. 名词是人和物的名称。
2. 当两个并列名词指的是同一个人时,后一名词前的不定冠词通常省略:
His father is a teacher and poet. 他父亲是位教师兼诗人。
但如果要强调这两种身份,也可用后一个不定冠词:
His father is a teacher and a poet. 他父亲既是教师,又是诗人。
有时,由于两个并列的名词关系比较紧密、被视为一个整体,也可只用一个冠词:
A man and woman are walking arm-in-arm. 一对男女手挽着手走着。
3. 两个形容词并列同时修饰一个名词时,若该名词指的是两个事物,则通常应分别使用两 个冠词:
We have a black and a white cat. 我们养了一只黑猫和一只白猫。
比较:We have a black and white cat. 我们养了一只黑白花猫。
但是,有时两个并列的名词指一个事物,为了加强语气,也用两个冠词:
It was a cold and a dark night. 那是一个又冷又黑的夜晚。
4. 有些由两样东西构成的“自然成对”使用的事物,通常只在其前使用一个冠词:
a knife and fork 一副刀叉 a cup and saucer 一副茶杯与茶托
a horse and cart 一辆马车 a needle and thread 一根带线的针
hire a car and driver 租一辆配有司机的汽车
有时连第一个冠词也省略(尤其是与介词连用时) :with knife and fork 用刀叉
5. 当要对两个并列的名词进行选择和比较方面的强调时,通常应重复两个冠词:
Give me a pen,not a pencil. 给我一支钢笔,不是铅笔。
Do you want a novel or a dictionary? 你是想要本小说,还是想要本字典?
【随堂练习】
1) 徐老师是语文老师兼英语老师。
2) 徐老师既是语文老师又是英语老师。
3) 一对男女正在一起吃饭。
4) 我有一个红色的书包和一个蓝色的书包。
5) 我有一个红蓝相间的书包。
6) 汤姆是一个又高又壮的男孩。
7) 能给我一副刀叉吗?
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8) 我们需要一辆配有司机的汽车。
9) 我要一本英语书,不是数学书。
【定冠词用法】
巧计定冠词the 用法歌诀:
特指双方熟悉,上文已经提起。
世上独一无二,方位名词乐器。
某些专有名词,还有复数姓氏。
序数词最高级,习惯用语牢记。
1. 用以特指某(些)人或某(些)事物
This is the house where Luxun once lived. 这是鲁迅曾经住过的房子。
2. 用于指谈话双方都明确所指的人或事物
Open the door,please. 请把门打开。
3. 用以复述上文提过的人或事物(第一次提到用“a 或an ”,以后再次提到用
“the ”)
Once there lived a lion in the forest. Every day the lion asked small animals to look for food for him.
从前森林里住着一只狮子。每天这只狮子要小动物们为他寻找食物。
4. 用在序数词和形容词最高级前。
January is the first month of the year. 一月份是一年当中的第一个月。 Shanghai is the biggest city in China. 上海是中国最大的城市。
5. 表示地球、宇宙等独一无二的事物
the sun 太阳 the moon 月亮 the earth 地球
the sky 天空 the world 世界
6. 指由普通名词构成的专有名词
the West Lake 西湖 the Great Wall 长城 the United States 美国 the United Nations 联合国 the Browns 布朗一家 the English 英国人 the WTO 世界贸易组织
7. 用于表示地点、方位、具体的时间或某天的一部分等。
in the east 在东方 in the west 在西方
in the front 在前面 at the back 在后面
in the bottom 在底部 at the top 在顶部
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on the right 在右边 on the left 在左边
in the morning在早上(上午) in the afternoon 在下午
8. 在海洋、江河、湖泊、山脉、海峡、海湾等地理名词前
the Pacific Ocean 太平洋 the Huanghe River 黄河
the Tianshan Mountains 天山山脉the Taiwan Straits 台湾海峡
注意:如果只是mountain ,不是像Tai Mountain (泰山)这类有名的山,就不用加the
9. 在姓氏复数前,表示一家人
The Bakers came to see me yesterday. 贝克一家人昨天来看我。
10. 和某些形容词连用,使形容词名词化,代表一类人或物
the poor 穷人 the rich 富人 the sick 病人 the wounded 伤员
the good 好人 the beautiful 美丽的事物
11. 用在表示阶级、政党的名词前
the working class 工人阶级 the Chinese Communist Party 中国共产党
12. 用在the very强调句中
This is the very book I want. 这就是我想要的那本书。
13. 在the more,the more比较级的句式中
The more you drink,the more you like it. 你越喝就越爱喝。
14. 用于西洋乐器前(民族乐器前不加)
play the piano 弹钢琴 play the violin 拉小提琴
注意:中国乐器名词前不与冠词连用:play erhu(二胡) play pipa(琵琶)
15. the+n{发明物} 必须是单数
who invented the telephone 谁发明了电话?
16. 某些固定的表达法
in the morning 在早上 in the afternoon 在下午 in the evening 在晚上
go to the cinema 去看电影 go to the theatre 去看戏
all the year round 一年到头 on the way to 前往... 去的路上
17. the 加单数可数名词可以表示一类人或事物
The horse is a useful animal. 马是一种有用的动物。
注意:A horse is a useful animal. Horses are useful animals. 都表示同个意思。
18. 在句型“动词+sb.+介词+the+身体某一部位”“be+adj.+介词+the+身体某一部位”中要用 the,而不用人称代词。
take sb. by the arm 抓住某人的手臂 hit sb. in the face 打某人的脸
be red in the face 脸红 be lame in the right leg 右腿瘸 等结构中,名词前
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要用the 而不用his/her/their等人称代词。
19. 用在世纪或逢十{1990}的复数名词前
in the 18th century 在18世纪 in the 1960s 在20世纪60年代
20. 多与民族、国籍的形容词连用
the chinese are brave hard-working people 中国人是勤劳和勇敢的人
21. 用于报刊 杂志 会议 条义 历史 时期 朝代的名词前
the Xian incident 西安事变 the Times 时代杂志
the Qin dynasty 秦朝
【随堂练习】
1) 桌子上的书包是我的。
2) 请把窗户关上。
3) 那个人找到了他的孩子。
4) 我从新华书店买了一本书。这本书是15元。
5) 长江是中国最长的河流。
6) 太阳比月亮大。
7) 我能看到天空中有一只鸟。
8) 长城是中国最有名的名胜之一。
9) 在这条街的尽头有一个学校。
10) 泰山是中国五大名山之一。
11) 怀特一家人都很有好。
12) 富人一般不喜欢穷人。
13) 你学习越努力就越容易通过考试。
14) Lucy 喜欢弹钢琴,而Lily 喜欢弹琵琶。
15) 飞机是谁发明的?
16) 我正在去学校的路上。
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17) 狗是一种有趣的动物。
18) 那个男人打了他的脸。
19) 她很容易脸红
20) 这个在20世纪70年代很流行。
21) 美国人很疯狂。
22) 当时唐朝在世界上很强大。
【零冠词用法】
1. 人名地名国名前一般不加冠词(在特指时加冠词)
1). Mary; Tom; Jim; Miss Li; Mr. Zhang; Lei Feng
2). Beijing; Shanghai; London; Paris
3). England; China; Germany; South Africa
但如后有定语修饰表特指,需加定冠词:
1). He is no longer the Brown we knew ten years ago.
他不是我们十年前认识的那个布朗。
2). The Beijing of today is different from what it was.
今天的北京不同与从前的北京了。
2. “街名、广场名、公园名、大学名”等专有名词前通常不用冠词:
1). Wang Fu Jing Street 王府井大街; Naking Road 南京路
2). Tian An Men Square 天安门广场
3). Pei Hai Park 北海公园; Hyde Park海德公园
4). Beijing University 北京大学; Zhejiang University 浙江大学
但也可说:the University of Beijing; the University of Zhejiang
2. 年份、月份、星期、节日前一般不加冠词(在特指时加冠词)
in 1996 in January on Sunday on Christmas Day 圣诞节
on Thanksgiving 感恩节 on National Day 国庆节 on May Day 劳动节
比较:...on a Sunday morning. 在一个星期天的早晨... (表示某一个。)
注:我国特有的节日前用定冠词:
the Spring Festival 春节; the Mid-Autumn Festival 中秋节
3. 三餐、四季前一般不加冠词
I have lunch at school. 我在学校吃午餐。
Summer is the best season for swimming. 夏天是游泳的好季节。
比较:I had a big lunch yesterday. 昨天我吃了一顿丰盛的午餐。(表示某一个) The dinner given by Mr Smith was very nice.
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史密斯先生款待的晚宴真是美味。(表示特指)
比较:I will never forget the summer we spent in Hawaii.
我永远不会忘记我们一起在夏威夷度过的那个夏天。 (表示特指)
4. 进行球类运动,不加冠词
play basketball 打篮球 play volleyball 打排球
play football 踢足球
5. “抽象名词、物质名词”表示一般概念时,通常不加冠词:
1). Failure is the mother of success. 失败乃成功之母。
2). Man cannot live without water. 人离开水就无法生存。
3). He is fond of music. 他喜欢音乐。
4) Time is precious. 时间是宝贵的。
但如后有定语修饰表特指,需加定冠词:
1). The news that you heard is true. 你听到的消息是真的。
2). The water in this well is fit to drink. 这口井里的水能喝。
3). The music of the film is very beautiful. 这部影片的音乐很动听。
4) The time of the play was 1990s. 这个剧本的时代背景是二十世纪九十年代。
6. 没有特指的可数名词复数形式后。
I like tomatoes. 我喜欢西红柿。
My mother and father are school teachers. 我母亲和父亲都是教师。
7. 在"kind of+名词 sort of+名词" 句式中
What kind of flower is it 这是什么花?
I like this sort of book. 我喜欢这种书。
8. 指职位、头衔的词,如king ,captain ,president ,chairman ,general, head, leader 等。
The guards took the American to General Lee.
士兵们把这个美国人送到李将军那里。
In 1860, Lincoln became President of the United States.
1860年,林肯成了美国的总统。
We made him head of our class.
我们选了他做班长。
但这个名词后有短语“of ”时,有时也可加“the ”:
He is (the) captain of the basketball team.
他是篮球队的队长。
As (the) chairman of the committee,I declare the meeting open.
作为委员会主席,我宣布会议开始。
9. 当“bike, car, bus, train, boat, ship, plane”等与“by ”连用,表示一种交通手段时,不用冠词:
by bus,by train;
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He goes to work by bike. 他骑车去上班。
Did you come back by plane or by train? 你坐飞机还是坐火车回来的?
“by water, by land, by sea, by air”以及“on foot, on horseback”也属同种情况:
She said they would go there by air. 她说他们将坐飞机去那儿。
Two men on horseback —— nothing else. 有两个人在马背上,别的一无所有。 但当这些名词特指某一交通工具时,则要与冠词连用:
The assistant went on a bike. 助手骑一辆自行车出去了。
After the school the girl returned home on the 9:30 train.
放学后,这女孩坐9:30的火车回家去。
10. 序数词作副词时,前不用冠词:
He came first in the race.他在赛跑中跑第一。
Work must come first. 工作第一。
11. 当两个或两个以上名词并用时,常省去冠词:
I can't write without pen or pencil. 没有钢笔和铅笔,我就写不了字。
He looked at me from head to foot, as if he didn’t know me at all.
他从头到脚打量我,好像根本不认识我似的。
They are father and son, both of whom are good at acting.
他们俩是父子,都擅长表演。
【冠词活用】
大家除了掌握使用冠词的基本规则外,还应不拘泥于规则,注意冠词的活用:
1.表示世界上独一无二的事物的名词前一般加定冠词the; 但如果名词前有修饰语,也可能用不定冠词a/an。
the world, a peaceful world
the moon, a bright moon a full moon
2.表示一日三餐的名词单独使用时,之前通常不加冠词,三餐名词之前若加形容词时也可能用不定冠词a/an
We have breakfast at eight. 我们8点钟吃早饭。
He gave us a good breakfast. 他请我们吃了一顿丰盛的早餐。
I was invited to dinner. 他们邀请我吃饭。
I was invited to a wonderful dinner. 我被邀请参加一个很棒的宴会。
The Scots have porridge for breakfast. 苏格兰人早餐吃粥。
The wedding breakfast was held in her father's house.
婚礼早宴是在她父亲家举行的。
3.表示乐器的名词前一般用定冠词the, 但前面如果出现定语修饰,也可能用不定冠词a/an。
He starts his day by playing the violin.
He is playing a borrowed violin.
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4.介词与表示交通工具的名词连用表示笼统的方式,前面一般不用冠词,但如果名词的前面出现了修饰语,前面需加冠词。
He went to the station by car.
He went to the station in a black car.
5.表示语言的名词前一般不用冠词,但后面如果出现language 一词,前面需加定冠词the 。 English=the English language French=the French language
【随堂练习】
1) In _____ China, everyone knows _____ Lei Feng.
2) _____ Sunday is the first day of a week in western countries.
3) _____ National day is to celebrate the foundation of Chinese government.
4) Our most important festival is _____ Spring Festival.
5) In _____ Guangdong, it is not too cold in _____ winter.
6) What did you eat for _____ breakfast?
7) Look! They are playing _____ basketball there.
8) Paper is made from _____ trees.
9) I like this kind of _____ food.
10) Hu Jintao is _____ president of China.
11) As _____ leader, Tom did a good job in _____ football competition yesterday.
12) How about _____ simple supper?
13) _____ (M)man can not live with out water.
14) He is fond of _____ music.
15) He is not _____ Mr.Zhang five years ago.
16) Linda go home by _____ bus, usually by _____ 030 bus.
17) I can't write without _____ paper and _____ pen.
18) He ran _____ first in yesterday's race.
19) I saw him went home in _____ white car.
20) I think _____ life is invaluable.
【介词短语与冠词】
at table 在进餐 at the table 在桌子旁边
at desk 在读书 at the desk 在课桌旁
at school 在上学 at the school 在学校里
in class 在上课 in the class 在班级里面
in bed 卧床 in the bed 在床上
in prison 坐牢 in the prison (因事)在监狱
in hospital 住院 in the hospital (因事)在医院
go to school 去上学 go to the school (因事)去学校
go to bed 上床睡觉 go to the bed (因事) 在床上
go to hospital 去看病 go to the hospital (因事) 去医院
特别注意:in front of 在„前面(外部的前面)
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in the front of 在„范围内的前部(内部的前面)
【随堂练习】
1) --Where are you(going to)?
--I'm in _____ hospital/going to _____ hospital because I have a high fever now.
2) --Where are you(going to)?
--I'm in _____ hospital/ going to _____ hospital because my uncle is silk.
3) He is the most serious student in _____ class when in _____ class.
4) They are at _____ table eating dinner.
5) They are at _____ table preparing for dinner.
6) I work in _____ prison to guard those people in _____ prison.
【综合练习】
1. I read ______story. It is ______interesting story.
A. a, an B. a, a C. the, the D. /, an
2. Britain is __ European country and China is ___ Asian country.
A. an, an B. a, a C. a, an D. an, a
3. ______China is _____ old country with _____ long history.
A. The, an, a B. The, a, a C. /, an, the D. /, an, a
4. _____elephant is bigger than ______ horse.
A. /, / B. an, a C. An, a D. /, the
5. We always have ______rice for ______lunch.
A. /, / B. the, / C. /, a D. the, the
6. It took me ______ hour and _____ half to finish ______ work.
A. a, a, a B. an, a, a C. an, a, the D. an, a, /
7. ______ doctor told me to take ______ medicine three times
______day, stay in _____bed, then I would be better soon.
A. /, a, a, the B. A, the, the, / C. The, the, a, / D. A, /, a, /
8. There is ____ picture on ____ wall. I like ____ picture very much.
A. a, the, the B. a, the, a C. the, a, a D. a, an, the
9. January is ______first month of the year.
A. a B. / C. an D. the
10. Shut _____door, please.
A. a B. an C. the D./
11. Einstein won _____ Nobel Prize in Physics in 1921.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
12. What ____ fine day it is today! Let's go to the Summer Palace.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
13. I like music, but I don't like ____ music of that TV play.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
14. ____ girl over there is ____ English teacher.
A. The, an B. A, / C. The, / D. A, a
15. It's ____ exciting way to shop on the Net.
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A. a B. an C. the D. /
16. She was ___ founder of ___ order of nuns called the Missionaries of Charity.
A. a, an B. a, / C. the, / D. the, an
17. Xi'an is ___ old city with ___ long history, isn't it?
A. a, an B. an, a C. the, the D. the, a
18. Nancy's sister is ____ English teacher, isn't she?
A. a B. an C. the D. /
19. Chaffs is______ boy, but he can play the guitar very well.
A. an eight-years old B. a eight-year-old
C. a eight-years-old D. an eight-year-old A. a B. an C. the D. / 20. We often have sports after class, and I like to play _____ basketball.
21.More college graduates would like to work in _______ west part of our country ______ next year.
A. the, the B. /, / C. /, the D. the, /
22.We work five days ______ week.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
23.-In which class is ______ boy in white?
-He's in class 4.
A. the B. a C. an D. /
24.-Where do you usually have ______ lunch?
-At home.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
25.He hit his sister in ______ face.
A. the B. her C. × D. his
26.-Have you seen ______ book? I left it here this morning.
-Is it ______ Chinese book? I saw it.
A. a, the B. the, the C. the, a D. a, a
27.There's ______“u ” and ______“s ” in ______word “use ”.
A. an, a, the B. a, an, × C. a, a, a D. a, an, the
28.-Did you see my grandmother?
-Oh, I saw ______old woman sitting on a chair by the lake. Maybe she is.
A. a B. an C. the D. ×
29.-Do you see ______man with ______ dog?
-Oh, Yes,______ dog is yellow. A. the, a, The B. a, a, the C. a, a, A D. a, the, A A. the B. a C. an D. × 30.Who is ______better, Li Ping or Wang Dong?
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英语冠词的用法
冠词的基本概念
冠词,是用来表示名词特性的一种词,它表示名词可数不可数、单数复数、任何一个还
是特定的一个等。也就是说,冠词与名词是紧密连在一起的。冠词有三种: 不定冠词a/an,定冠词the ,还有一种名词前不用冠词的情况叫零冠词。
【区别a 和an 】
a / an 用在单数可数名词前面,表示这个人或事物是泛指的不确定的一个,相当于中
文的“一个”。注意:可数的单数名词前,必须要用a / an 或the. 我们不能说 boy, desk, dog,而必须说 a boy / the boy.
a 用在读音为辅音音素开头的名词之前, 而 an 用在读音为元音音素开头的名词之
前。注意:这里指的是“读音”,而不仅仅指字母。也就是a 用在以辅音音素开头的词前,而不一定是辅音字母前;an 用在以元音音素开头的词前,而不一定是元音字母前,例如
a university [ju:ni'və:siti]一所大学 (虽然u 是元音字母,但音标是以j 开头,
不是元音音素u 。)
an hour ['auə]一个小时 (虽然h 不是元音字母,但单词读音是元音音素a 开头)
元音是指元音音素,不是元音字母。a e i o u 为元音字母,元音音素有很多,如:|i:|
|i| |e| |æ| |u:| |u| |ei| |ai| |a:| 等
一般说来,元音字母发元音,辅音字母发辅音,但是有些单词比较特殊,请记住下面列举
出的单词。
1. 拼写以辅音字母开头读音却以元音音素开头的单词hour, honest, honor等,可熟
记下面这句话:
An hour ago, an honest man accepted an honorable task.(一小时前,一位诚实的
人接受了一项光荣的任务。)
另外,当字母 A E I O R S F H L X 单独出现时也要使用不定冠词"an" ,因为这些字
母的发音都是以元音音素开头的。
2. 拼写以元音字母开头读音却以辅音音素开头的单词useful, university, usual,
European, united, one-eyed, one-way等单词的拼写虽然以元音字母开头,但其读音却以
辅音开头,因此,前面要用a ,可熟记下面这句话:
In a university, a European and a one-eyed man walk along a one-way road with a usual tool. This is a usual thing.
(在一所大学里,有一个欧洲人和一个独眼龙拿着有用的工具沿着一条单行道行走,这
是件平常的事。)
【不定冠词用法一】
1. 用于可数名词的单数形式之前,表示" 一"
There is a tiger in the zoo。 动物园里有一只老虎。
A hundred and more people attended this meeting. 100多人参加了这次会议。
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2.表示一类人或事物。
A tiger can be dangerous. 老虎可能有危害性。
3.表示" 某一个" 的意思。
A gentleman wants to see you. 有一位先生要见你。
4.表示" 同一" 的意思。
They are nearly of an height. 他们几乎一样高。
The two shirts are much of a size. 这两件衬衫大小差不多。
5. 表示" 每一" 的意思。 We go swimming four times a week. 我们每周去游泳四次。
6.用在作表语的单数可数名词前,表示身份、职业。
My mother is a teacher. 我妈妈是教师。
7. 第一次提到的人或事物,但不特别指明是哪一个。
Long long ago there was an old king who had a very beautiful daughter.
很久很久以前,有一个年老的国王,他有一个非常美丽的女儿。
8. 在such a,quite a句式中。
He is quite a good actor. 他是一个相当好的演员。
Don't be in such a hurry. 不要如此匆忙。
9. 在感叹句 what...的句式中。
What a pretty girl she is! 她是一个多么漂亮的女孩呀!
另外,a / an 也可用在不可数名词前面,这时,这个不可数名词就变成了可数的单数名词,意义上也有变化。例如:
glass 玻璃 → a glass 一只玻璃杯
wood 木头 → a wood 一片树林
power 威力 → a power大国
beauty 美丽 → a beauty美人, 美的事物
【随堂练习】
1) Do you have _____ ruler?
2) There is _____ university over there.
3) At that time, Tom was _____ one-year-old baby.
4) _____ horse is useful to mankind.
5) _____ bird can fly.
6) _____ lady is waiting for you outside.
7) Hey !You are here!_____ little boy has looked for you for a long time.
8) Tom and Jim are of _____ age.
9) Our skirts are almost of _____ price.
10) I go to the library once _____ week at least.
11) The potato is sold at about 1 dollar _____ kilogram.
12) My father is _____ scientist.
13) My brother works as _____ policeman in Zhongshan.
14) There is _____ old computer in that room, do you know whose it is?
15) Once I had _____ beautiful tool car, but it has been lost now.
16) She is quite _____ good mother.
17) You are such _____ clever boy.
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18) What _____ honest man he is!
【不定冠词用法二】
1.在不引起误会的情况下,两个并列名词中的后一个名词前的不定冠词可以省略:
The noun is the name of a person or thing. 名词是人和物的名称。
2. 当两个并列名词指的是同一个人时,后一名词前的不定冠词通常省略:
His father is a teacher and poet. 他父亲是位教师兼诗人。
但如果要强调这两种身份,也可用后一个不定冠词:
His father is a teacher and a poet. 他父亲既是教师,又是诗人。
有时,由于两个并列的名词关系比较紧密、被视为一个整体,也可只用一个冠词:
A man and woman are walking arm-in-arm. 一对男女手挽着手走着。
3. 两个形容词并列同时修饰一个名词时,若该名词指的是两个事物,则通常应分别使用两 个冠词:
We have a black and a white cat. 我们养了一只黑猫和一只白猫。
比较:We have a black and white cat. 我们养了一只黑白花猫。
但是,有时两个并列的名词指一个事物,为了加强语气,也用两个冠词:
It was a cold and a dark night. 那是一个又冷又黑的夜晚。
4. 有些由两样东西构成的“自然成对”使用的事物,通常只在其前使用一个冠词:
a knife and fork 一副刀叉 a cup and saucer 一副茶杯与茶托
a horse and cart 一辆马车 a needle and thread 一根带线的针
hire a car and driver 租一辆配有司机的汽车
有时连第一个冠词也省略(尤其是与介词连用时) :with knife and fork 用刀叉
5. 当要对两个并列的名词进行选择和比较方面的强调时,通常应重复两个冠词:
Give me a pen,not a pencil. 给我一支钢笔,不是铅笔。
Do you want a novel or a dictionary? 你是想要本小说,还是想要本字典?
【随堂练习】
1) 徐老师是语文老师兼英语老师。
2) 徐老师既是语文老师又是英语老师。
3) 一对男女正在一起吃饭。
4) 我有一个红色的书包和一个蓝色的书包。
5) 我有一个红蓝相间的书包。
6) 汤姆是一个又高又壮的男孩。
7) 能给我一副刀叉吗?
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8) 我们需要一辆配有司机的汽车。
9) 我要一本英语书,不是数学书。
【定冠词用法】
巧计定冠词the 用法歌诀:
特指双方熟悉,上文已经提起。
世上独一无二,方位名词乐器。
某些专有名词,还有复数姓氏。
序数词最高级,习惯用语牢记。
1. 用以特指某(些)人或某(些)事物
This is the house where Luxun once lived. 这是鲁迅曾经住过的房子。
2. 用于指谈话双方都明确所指的人或事物
Open the door,please. 请把门打开。
3. 用以复述上文提过的人或事物(第一次提到用“a 或an ”,以后再次提到用
“the ”)
Once there lived a lion in the forest. Every day the lion asked small animals to look for food for him.
从前森林里住着一只狮子。每天这只狮子要小动物们为他寻找食物。
4. 用在序数词和形容词最高级前。
January is the first month of the year. 一月份是一年当中的第一个月。 Shanghai is the biggest city in China. 上海是中国最大的城市。
5. 表示地球、宇宙等独一无二的事物
the sun 太阳 the moon 月亮 the earth 地球
the sky 天空 the world 世界
6. 指由普通名词构成的专有名词
the West Lake 西湖 the Great Wall 长城 the United States 美国 the United Nations 联合国 the Browns 布朗一家 the English 英国人 the WTO 世界贸易组织
7. 用于表示地点、方位、具体的时间或某天的一部分等。
in the east 在东方 in the west 在西方
in the front 在前面 at the back 在后面
in the bottom 在底部 at the top 在顶部
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on the right 在右边 on the left 在左边
in the morning在早上(上午) in the afternoon 在下午
8. 在海洋、江河、湖泊、山脉、海峡、海湾等地理名词前
the Pacific Ocean 太平洋 the Huanghe River 黄河
the Tianshan Mountains 天山山脉the Taiwan Straits 台湾海峡
注意:如果只是mountain ,不是像Tai Mountain (泰山)这类有名的山,就不用加the
9. 在姓氏复数前,表示一家人
The Bakers came to see me yesterday. 贝克一家人昨天来看我。
10. 和某些形容词连用,使形容词名词化,代表一类人或物
the poor 穷人 the rich 富人 the sick 病人 the wounded 伤员
the good 好人 the beautiful 美丽的事物
11. 用在表示阶级、政党的名词前
the working class 工人阶级 the Chinese Communist Party 中国共产党
12. 用在the very强调句中
This is the very book I want. 这就是我想要的那本书。
13. 在the more,the more比较级的句式中
The more you drink,the more you like it. 你越喝就越爱喝。
14. 用于西洋乐器前(民族乐器前不加)
play the piano 弹钢琴 play the violin 拉小提琴
注意:中国乐器名词前不与冠词连用:play erhu(二胡) play pipa(琵琶)
15. the+n{发明物} 必须是单数
who invented the telephone 谁发明了电话?
16. 某些固定的表达法
in the morning 在早上 in the afternoon 在下午 in the evening 在晚上
go to the cinema 去看电影 go to the theatre 去看戏
all the year round 一年到头 on the way to 前往... 去的路上
17. the 加单数可数名词可以表示一类人或事物
The horse is a useful animal. 马是一种有用的动物。
注意:A horse is a useful animal. Horses are useful animals. 都表示同个意思。
18. 在句型“动词+sb.+介词+the+身体某一部位”“be+adj.+介词+the+身体某一部位”中要用 the,而不用人称代词。
take sb. by the arm 抓住某人的手臂 hit sb. in the face 打某人的脸
be red in the face 脸红 be lame in the right leg 右腿瘸 等结构中,名词前
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要用the 而不用his/her/their等人称代词。
19. 用在世纪或逢十{1990}的复数名词前
in the 18th century 在18世纪 in the 1960s 在20世纪60年代
20. 多与民族、国籍的形容词连用
the chinese are brave hard-working people 中国人是勤劳和勇敢的人
21. 用于报刊 杂志 会议 条义 历史 时期 朝代的名词前
the Xian incident 西安事变 the Times 时代杂志
the Qin dynasty 秦朝
【随堂练习】
1) 桌子上的书包是我的。
2) 请把窗户关上。
3) 那个人找到了他的孩子。
4) 我从新华书店买了一本书。这本书是15元。
5) 长江是中国最长的河流。
6) 太阳比月亮大。
7) 我能看到天空中有一只鸟。
8) 长城是中国最有名的名胜之一。
9) 在这条街的尽头有一个学校。
10) 泰山是中国五大名山之一。
11) 怀特一家人都很有好。
12) 富人一般不喜欢穷人。
13) 你学习越努力就越容易通过考试。
14) Lucy 喜欢弹钢琴,而Lily 喜欢弹琵琶。
15) 飞机是谁发明的?
16) 我正在去学校的路上。
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17) 狗是一种有趣的动物。
18) 那个男人打了他的脸。
19) 她很容易脸红
20) 这个在20世纪70年代很流行。
21) 美国人很疯狂。
22) 当时唐朝在世界上很强大。
【零冠词用法】
1. 人名地名国名前一般不加冠词(在特指时加冠词)
1). Mary; Tom; Jim; Miss Li; Mr. Zhang; Lei Feng
2). Beijing; Shanghai; London; Paris
3). England; China; Germany; South Africa
但如后有定语修饰表特指,需加定冠词:
1). He is no longer the Brown we knew ten years ago.
他不是我们十年前认识的那个布朗。
2). The Beijing of today is different from what it was.
今天的北京不同与从前的北京了。
2. “街名、广场名、公园名、大学名”等专有名词前通常不用冠词:
1). Wang Fu Jing Street 王府井大街; Naking Road 南京路
2). Tian An Men Square 天安门广场
3). Pei Hai Park 北海公园; Hyde Park海德公园
4). Beijing University 北京大学; Zhejiang University 浙江大学
但也可说:the University of Beijing; the University of Zhejiang
2. 年份、月份、星期、节日前一般不加冠词(在特指时加冠词)
in 1996 in January on Sunday on Christmas Day 圣诞节
on Thanksgiving 感恩节 on National Day 国庆节 on May Day 劳动节
比较:...on a Sunday morning. 在一个星期天的早晨... (表示某一个。)
注:我国特有的节日前用定冠词:
the Spring Festival 春节; the Mid-Autumn Festival 中秋节
3. 三餐、四季前一般不加冠词
I have lunch at school. 我在学校吃午餐。
Summer is the best season for swimming. 夏天是游泳的好季节。
比较:I had a big lunch yesterday. 昨天我吃了一顿丰盛的午餐。(表示某一个) The dinner given by Mr Smith was very nice.
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史密斯先生款待的晚宴真是美味。(表示特指)
比较:I will never forget the summer we spent in Hawaii.
我永远不会忘记我们一起在夏威夷度过的那个夏天。 (表示特指)
4. 进行球类运动,不加冠词
play basketball 打篮球 play volleyball 打排球
play football 踢足球
5. “抽象名词、物质名词”表示一般概念时,通常不加冠词:
1). Failure is the mother of success. 失败乃成功之母。
2). Man cannot live without water. 人离开水就无法生存。
3). He is fond of music. 他喜欢音乐。
4) Time is precious. 时间是宝贵的。
但如后有定语修饰表特指,需加定冠词:
1). The news that you heard is true. 你听到的消息是真的。
2). The water in this well is fit to drink. 这口井里的水能喝。
3). The music of the film is very beautiful. 这部影片的音乐很动听。
4) The time of the play was 1990s. 这个剧本的时代背景是二十世纪九十年代。
6. 没有特指的可数名词复数形式后。
I like tomatoes. 我喜欢西红柿。
My mother and father are school teachers. 我母亲和父亲都是教师。
7. 在"kind of+名词 sort of+名词" 句式中
What kind of flower is it 这是什么花?
I like this sort of book. 我喜欢这种书。
8. 指职位、头衔的词,如king ,captain ,president ,chairman ,general, head, leader 等。
The guards took the American to General Lee.
士兵们把这个美国人送到李将军那里。
In 1860, Lincoln became President of the United States.
1860年,林肯成了美国的总统。
We made him head of our class.
我们选了他做班长。
但这个名词后有短语“of ”时,有时也可加“the ”:
He is (the) captain of the basketball team.
他是篮球队的队长。
As (the) chairman of the committee,I declare the meeting open.
作为委员会主席,我宣布会议开始。
9. 当“bike, car, bus, train, boat, ship, plane”等与“by ”连用,表示一种交通手段时,不用冠词:
by bus,by train;
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He goes to work by bike. 他骑车去上班。
Did you come back by plane or by train? 你坐飞机还是坐火车回来的?
“by water, by land, by sea, by air”以及“on foot, on horseback”也属同种情况:
She said they would go there by air. 她说他们将坐飞机去那儿。
Two men on horseback —— nothing else. 有两个人在马背上,别的一无所有。 但当这些名词特指某一交通工具时,则要与冠词连用:
The assistant went on a bike. 助手骑一辆自行车出去了。
After the school the girl returned home on the 9:30 train.
放学后,这女孩坐9:30的火车回家去。
10. 序数词作副词时,前不用冠词:
He came first in the race.他在赛跑中跑第一。
Work must come first. 工作第一。
11. 当两个或两个以上名词并用时,常省去冠词:
I can't write without pen or pencil. 没有钢笔和铅笔,我就写不了字。
He looked at me from head to foot, as if he didn’t know me at all.
他从头到脚打量我,好像根本不认识我似的。
They are father and son, both of whom are good at acting.
他们俩是父子,都擅长表演。
【冠词活用】
大家除了掌握使用冠词的基本规则外,还应不拘泥于规则,注意冠词的活用:
1.表示世界上独一无二的事物的名词前一般加定冠词the; 但如果名词前有修饰语,也可能用不定冠词a/an。
the world, a peaceful world
the moon, a bright moon a full moon
2.表示一日三餐的名词单独使用时,之前通常不加冠词,三餐名词之前若加形容词时也可能用不定冠词a/an
We have breakfast at eight. 我们8点钟吃早饭。
He gave us a good breakfast. 他请我们吃了一顿丰盛的早餐。
I was invited to dinner. 他们邀请我吃饭。
I was invited to a wonderful dinner. 我被邀请参加一个很棒的宴会。
The Scots have porridge for breakfast. 苏格兰人早餐吃粥。
The wedding breakfast was held in her father's house.
婚礼早宴是在她父亲家举行的。
3.表示乐器的名词前一般用定冠词the, 但前面如果出现定语修饰,也可能用不定冠词a/an。
He starts his day by playing the violin.
He is playing a borrowed violin.
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4.介词与表示交通工具的名词连用表示笼统的方式,前面一般不用冠词,但如果名词的前面出现了修饰语,前面需加冠词。
He went to the station by car.
He went to the station in a black car.
5.表示语言的名词前一般不用冠词,但后面如果出现language 一词,前面需加定冠词the 。 English=the English language French=the French language
【随堂练习】
1) In _____ China, everyone knows _____ Lei Feng.
2) _____ Sunday is the first day of a week in western countries.
3) _____ National day is to celebrate the foundation of Chinese government.
4) Our most important festival is _____ Spring Festival.
5) In _____ Guangdong, it is not too cold in _____ winter.
6) What did you eat for _____ breakfast?
7) Look! They are playing _____ basketball there.
8) Paper is made from _____ trees.
9) I like this kind of _____ food.
10) Hu Jintao is _____ president of China.
11) As _____ leader, Tom did a good job in _____ football competition yesterday.
12) How about _____ simple supper?
13) _____ (M)man can not live with out water.
14) He is fond of _____ music.
15) He is not _____ Mr.Zhang five years ago.
16) Linda go home by _____ bus, usually by _____ 030 bus.
17) I can't write without _____ paper and _____ pen.
18) He ran _____ first in yesterday's race.
19) I saw him went home in _____ white car.
20) I think _____ life is invaluable.
【介词短语与冠词】
at table 在进餐 at the table 在桌子旁边
at desk 在读书 at the desk 在课桌旁
at school 在上学 at the school 在学校里
in class 在上课 in the class 在班级里面
in bed 卧床 in the bed 在床上
in prison 坐牢 in the prison (因事)在监狱
in hospital 住院 in the hospital (因事)在医院
go to school 去上学 go to the school (因事)去学校
go to bed 上床睡觉 go to the bed (因事) 在床上
go to hospital 去看病 go to the hospital (因事) 去医院
特别注意:in front of 在„前面(外部的前面)
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in the front of 在„范围内的前部(内部的前面)
【随堂练习】
1) --Where are you(going to)?
--I'm in _____ hospital/going to _____ hospital because I have a high fever now.
2) --Where are you(going to)?
--I'm in _____ hospital/ going to _____ hospital because my uncle is silk.
3) He is the most serious student in _____ class when in _____ class.
4) They are at _____ table eating dinner.
5) They are at _____ table preparing for dinner.
6) I work in _____ prison to guard those people in _____ prison.
【综合练习】
1. I read ______story. It is ______interesting story.
A. a, an B. a, a C. the, the D. /, an
2. Britain is __ European country and China is ___ Asian country.
A. an, an B. a, a C. a, an D. an, a
3. ______China is _____ old country with _____ long history.
A. The, an, a B. The, a, a C. /, an, the D. /, an, a
4. _____elephant is bigger than ______ horse.
A. /, / B. an, a C. An, a D. /, the
5. We always have ______rice for ______lunch.
A. /, / B. the, / C. /, a D. the, the
6. It took me ______ hour and _____ half to finish ______ work.
A. a, a, a B. an, a, a C. an, a, the D. an, a, /
7. ______ doctor told me to take ______ medicine three times
______day, stay in _____bed, then I would be better soon.
A. /, a, a, the B. A, the, the, / C. The, the, a, / D. A, /, a, /
8. There is ____ picture on ____ wall. I like ____ picture very much.
A. a, the, the B. a, the, a C. the, a, a D. a, an, the
9. January is ______first month of the year.
A. a B. / C. an D. the
10. Shut _____door, please.
A. a B. an C. the D./
11. Einstein won _____ Nobel Prize in Physics in 1921.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
12. What ____ fine day it is today! Let's go to the Summer Palace.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
13. I like music, but I don't like ____ music of that TV play.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
14. ____ girl over there is ____ English teacher.
A. The, an B. A, / C. The, / D. A, a
15. It's ____ exciting way to shop on the Net.
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A. a B. an C. the D. /
16. She was ___ founder of ___ order of nuns called the Missionaries of Charity.
A. a, an B. a, / C. the, / D. the, an
17. Xi'an is ___ old city with ___ long history, isn't it?
A. a, an B. an, a C. the, the D. the, a
18. Nancy's sister is ____ English teacher, isn't she?
A. a B. an C. the D. /
19. Chaffs is______ boy, but he can play the guitar very well.
A. an eight-years old B. a eight-year-old
C. a eight-years-old D. an eight-year-old A. a B. an C. the D. / 20. We often have sports after class, and I like to play _____ basketball.
21.More college graduates would like to work in _______ west part of our country ______ next year.
A. the, the B. /, / C. /, the D. the, /
22.We work five days ______ week.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
23.-In which class is ______ boy in white?
-He's in class 4.
A. the B. a C. an D. /
24.-Where do you usually have ______ lunch?
-At home.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
25.He hit his sister in ______ face.
A. the B. her C. × D. his
26.-Have you seen ______ book? I left it here this morning.
-Is it ______ Chinese book? I saw it.
A. a, the B. the, the C. the, a D. a, a
27.There's ______“u ” and ______“s ” in ______word “use ”.
A. an, a, the B. a, an, × C. a, a, a D. a, an, the
28.-Did you see my grandmother?
-Oh, I saw ______old woman sitting on a chair by the lake. Maybe she is.
A. a B. an C. the D. ×
29.-Do you see ______man with ______ dog?
-Oh, Yes,______ dog is yellow. A. the, a, The B. a, a, the C. a, a, A D. a, the, A A. the B. a C. an D. × 30.Who is ______better, Li Ping or Wang Dong?
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