反意疑问句
二、基本结构: 一、定义:指附着在陈述句(肯、否句)后面的简短问句。
1
He can speak Chinese,can't he?
2、前否后肯型。即:否定句,be 动词/情态动词/助动词 + 主语(人称代词主格)如:
We aren't going to help him,are we?
三、一般要求:1、前后两部分肯否相反。 2、反意疑问句与前面的陈述句在人称、
数和时态上应保持一致。 3、反意疑问句的主语应为与陈述句主语相应的人称代词主格。
如:
They don't like playing volleyball,do they?
We didn't visit Shanghai last week,did we?
He is a middle school student,isn't he? She can do it,can't she?
四、回答反意疑问句用yes 和no :
1、前肯后否型,yes/no正方向翻译。(见Ⅲ10)His mother is a policewoman,isn't she?
Yes ,she is.(是的,她是。)/No,she isn't.(不,她不是。)
2、前否后肯型,yes/no反方向翻译。(见Ⅲ8,与回答否定疑问句一样。)
It isn't cold,is it?Yes ,it is.(不,它是。)/No,it isn't.(是的,它不是。)
(三、四两点归纳为以下口诀:肯否不合时人合,be 情助后接主格,回答否肯朝反说,
特殊情况不包括(祈使,there be不包括)。
五、句型归纳:
(一)常见句型如下:He was born in 1987,wasn't he? Lucy watched TV last night,
didn't she? The boy is writing,isn't he? Those students go to school by bike,don't
they ? Jim can't do it ,can he ? We are going to have a meeting ,aren't we ? My father will go to see my brother,won't he?
(二)较复杂的情况如下:
1. have/has作“有”讲,其反意疑问句有两种变法;作“吃”讲,只有一种变法。如: ,hasn't she?/doesn't she?(有) ,doesn't she?(吃)
2. need/dare作情态动词与作实义动词时的反意疑问句不一样。如:
We need to buy a pen,don't we?(need 为实义动词) We needn't buy a pen,need we?(need 作情态动词) You dare to swim in the sea, don’t you?
3. this/that作陈述句主语时,其反意疑问句的主语用it ;these/those作陈述句主语时,其反意疑问句的主语用they 。如:
This/That isn't a dog, These/Those aren't dogs,
4. 陈述句主语部分为I am时,其反意疑问句应为aren't I或ain't I; 当陈述句主语部分为I am not时,其反意疑问句应为am I如:
I am a teacher,?? I am not a teacher,am I?
5. 注意'd 为had 与would 时,其反意疑问句的回答不一样。如:
You'd better catch a number 16 bus,hadn't you? He'd like to have a cup of tea,wouldn't he ?
6. 陈述句的主语为不定式、动名词或主语从句时,其反意疑问句的主语用it ;感叹句变反意疑问句时,其主语也用it 。如:
To learn English is hard,isn't it?
Walking is good for health,isn't it? What a fine day,isn't it?
Learning how to repair motors takes a long time, doesn’t it?
7. 陈述句中含有no ,few ,little ,never ,nobody ,nothing ,none ,seldom ,hardly 等表否定含义的词时,应将陈述句当否定句看,其反意疑问句用肯定形式。如:
Tom has no sisters,has he?/does he? Nothing can stop me,can it?
8. 陈述句中含有由un ,dis ,less 等前后缀构成的表否定含义的词作表语或谓语时,当肯定句看,其反意疑问句用否定形式。(如unimportant ,unlucky ,useless ,dislike 等)如:
She is unhappy,isn't she? John dislikes oranges,doesn't he? They are careless,aren't they ?
9. 陈述句的主语为something ,anything ,nothing ,everything 等表物的不定代词时,其反意疑问句的主语用it 。如:
Something is wrong,isn't it? Everything is ready,isn't it? Nothing is important,is it?
10. 陈述句的主语为someone ,somebody ,anyone ,anybody ,everyone ,everybody ,no one 等表人的不定代词时,其反意疑问句的主语可用they ,也可以用he 。如:
Everyone is here ,aren't they ?/isn't he ? Everybody is here ,aren't they ?/isn't he ?
Anyone is OK,aren't they?/isn't he? Anybody is OK,aren't they?/isn't he?
注意当陈述句的主语为nobody 时,其反意疑问句的主语常用they. 如:Nobody can answer the question,can they?
11. 陈述句的主语为none ,当它指代可数名词复数时谓语可以用单、复数,其反意疑问句也可以用单数或复数;当它指代不可数名词时谓语用单数,其反意疑问句也用单数。如:
None of the books is/are mine,is it?/are they? None of the money is mine,is it?
12. 并列句的反意疑问句以后一分句为准。如:
He is a student and he studies hard,doesn't he?
We must study hard, or we shall fail, shan’t we?
13. “情态动词 + be/have done”常用来表示对现在/过去的推测,变反意疑问句时应注意:如果它们后面接be ,表示对现在的推测,变反义疑问句时,应将其当成be 动词一般现在时态看待。如:
He must be a teacher,isn't he? He can't be a teacher,is he? He may be a teacher,isn't he? He may not be a teacher,is he?
如果它们后面接have done,表示对过去的推测,变反义疑问句时:如果句中有了表示过去的具体的时间状语,应将句子当作实义动词的一般过去时态看待;如果句中没有具体的时间状语,应将句子当作现在完成时态看待。如: He must have finished his homework,
14. 陈述部分是主从复合句时,反意疑问句部分要与主句一致,但注意如果主句的主语是I/We,谓语动词是think/guess/believe/suppose等时,反意疑问句部分应与从句保持一致;如果句中出现了否定的转移,反意疑问句一律用肯定形式。如:
He said that they were late for the lecture, didn’t he?
I/We think he is right,isn't he? I/We don't think he is right,is he?
15. There be句型的反意疑问句中必须带there. 如:
There was lots of water in the glass just now,wasn't there? There is a pen on the desk,isn't there?
16. 肯定祈使句,其反意疑问句都用will you?/won’t you?均可;否定祈使句的反意疑问句只能用will you?。但“Let's….”句型的反意疑问句只能用shall we?如:
Open the door,will you?/won’t you? Don't come in,will you? Let us help him,
will you?/won’t you? Let's help him,shall we?
17. 陈述句中含有wish ,want 等表愿望的词作谓语时,其反意疑问句要用may ,并且两部分都用肯定形式。如:
I wish to go home,may I? We want to go home,may we?
18. 含有used to的句子变反意疑问句时,用usedn’t和didn’t 均可。如:
She used to be very fat,didn’t she?/use(d) n’t she?
19. must作“必须”讲时,其反意疑问句部分用needn’t,作“禁止、不允许”讲时,其反意疑问句部分用must/may.如:
You must go now, needn’t you? You mustn’t smoke here, must/may you?
20. 含有ought to的句子变反意疑问句时,用oughtn’t和shouldn’t均可。如: He ought to attend the lecture, oughtn’t/shouldn’t he?
21. 陈述部分由neither …nor …, not only…but also…等连接主语时,其反意疑问句部分用复数代词。如:
Neither you nor I can do it, can we? Not only she but also I passed the exam, didn’t we?
22. 陈述句部分是感叹句时,反意疑问句部分用否定形式,其主语取决于表示感叹的对象,采用相应的代词,且用动词be 的现在时态。如:
What a lovely day, isn’t it? What colors, aren’t they?
23. 陈述部分有语气词so/ah/oh等时,反意疑问句部分与陈述句部分应该同为肯定或否定形式。如:
So you are a student, are you? So he can’t swim, can’t he?
24. 当对某人的话表示怀疑或讽刺时,用简略的形式重复对方的话,然后再加上反意疑问句,陈述部分和反意疑问句部分的形式应取得一致,要么都肯定,要么都否定。如: ----Tom told me he saw a snake last night.
----He did, did he?
反意疑问句
二、基本结构: 一、定义:指附着在陈述句(肯、否句)后面的简短问句。
1
He can speak Chinese,can't he?
2、前否后肯型。即:否定句,be 动词/情态动词/助动词 + 主语(人称代词主格)如:
We aren't going to help him,are we?
三、一般要求:1、前后两部分肯否相反。 2、反意疑问句与前面的陈述句在人称、
数和时态上应保持一致。 3、反意疑问句的主语应为与陈述句主语相应的人称代词主格。
如:
They don't like playing volleyball,do they?
We didn't visit Shanghai last week,did we?
He is a middle school student,isn't he? She can do it,can't she?
四、回答反意疑问句用yes 和no :
1、前肯后否型,yes/no正方向翻译。(见Ⅲ10)His mother is a policewoman,isn't she?
Yes ,she is.(是的,她是。)/No,she isn't.(不,她不是。)
2、前否后肯型,yes/no反方向翻译。(见Ⅲ8,与回答否定疑问句一样。)
It isn't cold,is it?Yes ,it is.(不,它是。)/No,it isn't.(是的,它不是。)
(三、四两点归纳为以下口诀:肯否不合时人合,be 情助后接主格,回答否肯朝反说,
特殊情况不包括(祈使,there be不包括)。
五、句型归纳:
(一)常见句型如下:He was born in 1987,wasn't he? Lucy watched TV last night,
didn't she? The boy is writing,isn't he? Those students go to school by bike,don't
they ? Jim can't do it ,can he ? We are going to have a meeting ,aren't we ? My father will go to see my brother,won't he?
(二)较复杂的情况如下:
1. have/has作“有”讲,其反意疑问句有两种变法;作“吃”讲,只有一种变法。如: ,hasn't she?/doesn't she?(有) ,doesn't she?(吃)
2. need/dare作情态动词与作实义动词时的反意疑问句不一样。如:
We need to buy a pen,don't we?(need 为实义动词) We needn't buy a pen,need we?(need 作情态动词) You dare to swim in the sea, don’t you?
3. this/that作陈述句主语时,其反意疑问句的主语用it ;these/those作陈述句主语时,其反意疑问句的主语用they 。如:
This/That isn't a dog, These/Those aren't dogs,
4. 陈述句主语部分为I am时,其反意疑问句应为aren't I或ain't I; 当陈述句主语部分为I am not时,其反意疑问句应为am I如:
I am a teacher,?? I am not a teacher,am I?
5. 注意'd 为had 与would 时,其反意疑问句的回答不一样。如:
You'd better catch a number 16 bus,hadn't you? He'd like to have a cup of tea,wouldn't he ?
6. 陈述句的主语为不定式、动名词或主语从句时,其反意疑问句的主语用it ;感叹句变反意疑问句时,其主语也用it 。如:
To learn English is hard,isn't it?
Walking is good for health,isn't it? What a fine day,isn't it?
Learning how to repair motors takes a long time, doesn’t it?
7. 陈述句中含有no ,few ,little ,never ,nobody ,nothing ,none ,seldom ,hardly 等表否定含义的词时,应将陈述句当否定句看,其反意疑问句用肯定形式。如:
Tom has no sisters,has he?/does he? Nothing can stop me,can it?
8. 陈述句中含有由un ,dis ,less 等前后缀构成的表否定含义的词作表语或谓语时,当肯定句看,其反意疑问句用否定形式。(如unimportant ,unlucky ,useless ,dislike 等)如:
She is unhappy,isn't she? John dislikes oranges,doesn't he? They are careless,aren't they ?
9. 陈述句的主语为something ,anything ,nothing ,everything 等表物的不定代词时,其反意疑问句的主语用it 。如:
Something is wrong,isn't it? Everything is ready,isn't it? Nothing is important,is it?
10. 陈述句的主语为someone ,somebody ,anyone ,anybody ,everyone ,everybody ,no one 等表人的不定代词时,其反意疑问句的主语可用they ,也可以用he 。如:
Everyone is here ,aren't they ?/isn't he ? Everybody is here ,aren't they ?/isn't he ?
Anyone is OK,aren't they?/isn't he? Anybody is OK,aren't they?/isn't he?
注意当陈述句的主语为nobody 时,其反意疑问句的主语常用they. 如:Nobody can answer the question,can they?
11. 陈述句的主语为none ,当它指代可数名词复数时谓语可以用单、复数,其反意疑问句也可以用单数或复数;当它指代不可数名词时谓语用单数,其反意疑问句也用单数。如:
None of the books is/are mine,is it?/are they? None of the money is mine,is it?
12. 并列句的反意疑问句以后一分句为准。如:
He is a student and he studies hard,doesn't he?
We must study hard, or we shall fail, shan’t we?
13. “情态动词 + be/have done”常用来表示对现在/过去的推测,变反意疑问句时应注意:如果它们后面接be ,表示对现在的推测,变反义疑问句时,应将其当成be 动词一般现在时态看待。如:
He must be a teacher,isn't he? He can't be a teacher,is he? He may be a teacher,isn't he? He may not be a teacher,is he?
如果它们后面接have done,表示对过去的推测,变反义疑问句时:如果句中有了表示过去的具体的时间状语,应将句子当作实义动词的一般过去时态看待;如果句中没有具体的时间状语,应将句子当作现在完成时态看待。如: He must have finished his homework,
14. 陈述部分是主从复合句时,反意疑问句部分要与主句一致,但注意如果主句的主语是I/We,谓语动词是think/guess/believe/suppose等时,反意疑问句部分应与从句保持一致;如果句中出现了否定的转移,反意疑问句一律用肯定形式。如:
He said that they were late for the lecture, didn’t he?
I/We think he is right,isn't he? I/We don't think he is right,is he?
15. There be句型的反意疑问句中必须带there. 如:
There was lots of water in the glass just now,wasn't there? There is a pen on the desk,isn't there?
16. 肯定祈使句,其反意疑问句都用will you?/won’t you?均可;否定祈使句的反意疑问句只能用will you?。但“Let's….”句型的反意疑问句只能用shall we?如:
Open the door,will you?/won’t you? Don't come in,will you? Let us help him,
will you?/won’t you? Let's help him,shall we?
17. 陈述句中含有wish ,want 等表愿望的词作谓语时,其反意疑问句要用may ,并且两部分都用肯定形式。如:
I wish to go home,may I? We want to go home,may we?
18. 含有used to的句子变反意疑问句时,用usedn’t和didn’t 均可。如:
She used to be very fat,didn’t she?/use(d) n’t she?
19. must作“必须”讲时,其反意疑问句部分用needn’t,作“禁止、不允许”讲时,其反意疑问句部分用must/may.如:
You must go now, needn’t you? You mustn’t smoke here, must/may you?
20. 含有ought to的句子变反意疑问句时,用oughtn’t和shouldn’t均可。如: He ought to attend the lecture, oughtn’t/shouldn’t he?
21. 陈述部分由neither …nor …, not only…but also…等连接主语时,其反意疑问句部分用复数代词。如:
Neither you nor I can do it, can we? Not only she but also I passed the exam, didn’t we?
22. 陈述句部分是感叹句时,反意疑问句部分用否定形式,其主语取决于表示感叹的对象,采用相应的代词,且用动词be 的现在时态。如:
What a lovely day, isn’t it? What colors, aren’t they?
23. 陈述部分有语气词so/ah/oh等时,反意疑问句部分与陈述句部分应该同为肯定或否定形式。如:
So you are a student, are you? So he can’t swim, can’t he?
24. 当对某人的话表示怀疑或讽刺时,用简略的形式重复对方的话,然后再加上反意疑问句,陈述部分和反意疑问句部分的形式应取得一致,要么都肯定,要么都否定。如: ----Tom told me he saw a snake last night.
----He did, did he?