非谓语动词用法详解
动词的非谓语形式有三种：不定式、动词-ing 和过去分词
一、不定式
不定式由“ to十动词原形”构成，其否定形式是“ not to do”．不定式仍保留动词的特点，即可以有自己的宾语或状语，一起构成不定式短语；不定式还具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，因此在句中可作主语、宾语、状语、表语和定语以及宾补，但不能单独作谓语．不定式的逻辑主语有时用“ for十名词或代词宾格”构成．
1．不定式的用法：
l)作主语．不定式短语作主语时，往往放在谓语之后，用 it作形式主语．例如： It is terrible to see the ship sinking into the sea．
It is right to give up smoking．
1当主语和表语都是不定式时，不能用形式主语代替动词不定式。如： 注意：○
To see is to believe.眼见为实
2在It is+ adj. +of / for sb. to do sth. 结构中，当不定式的逻辑主语和前面的○
形容词可以构成系表结构时，用of, 否则用 for.
如：It is easy for you to finish the task..
It is kind of you to help these children. （You are kind.）
2) 作宾语．不定式短语作宾语时，如果还带有宾语补足语。往往把不定式宾语放在宾语补足语之后，而用 it作形式宾语．例如：
He wanted to go to the park.
I find it interesting to study work with him.
3)作宾语补足语．例如：
He asked me to do the work with him.
注意 ：在表示感觉的动词及使役动词如 feel，hear ，listen to ，look at ，notice, observe ，see ，watch ，have, let，make 等词后作宾语补足语时，不定式不带 to．但是这些句子如果变成被动结构时，就必须带 to．例如
I often hear him sing the song．
He is often heard to sing the song．
Though he often makes his little sister cry, today he is made to cry by his little sister.
注意：不定式动词在介词 but，except ，besides 后面时，如果这些介词之前有行为动词 do的各种形式，那么，这些介词后的不定式不带 to，否则要带 to．即遵循“前有do 后无to 、前无do 后有to ”原则，如：
She could do nothing but cry.
What do you like to do besides swim ?
I have no choice but to go．
The doctor told him nothing but to stop smoking．
4) 作定语．不定式作定语要放在被修饰的词之后，例如：
This is a difficult question to answer．
注①作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等，不定式后面须有相应的介词．例如：
He is looking for a room to live in．
There is nothing to worry about．
Please give me a knife to cut with．
但是，不定式所修饰的名词如果是 time ，place 或 way ，不定式后面的介词习惯上要省去．例如：
He had no money and no place to live.
注②当作定语的不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的承受者时，不定式既可以用主动语态，也可用被动语态，但其含义有所不同．试比较：
Have you anything to send? 你有什么东西要寄吗?
(不定式 to send的动作执行者是 you)
Have you anything to be sent? 你有什么要(我或别人) 寄的东西吗?
(不定式 to be sent的动作执行者是已被省略的 me或someone else)
5)作状语
1. 表示目的、 I came here to see you．(目的) ○
目的状语还可以用 in order to或 so as to来表示．如：
In order to pass the exam, he worked very hard．
We ran all the way so as not to be late．
2表示结果，表结果时常与副词too 或enough 连用，与only 连用时表示出人意料 ○
的结果，例如：
It is too heavy to carry. (结果)
We arrived there only to find the train gone. (结果)
注意：不定式作状语表结果与现在分词作状语表结果不同，现在分词作状语表结果时，表示自然而然的结果。如：
He dropped the cup, breaking it into pieces.
It rained heavily in the south, causing serious flooding in several provinces. 3表示条件 ○
To look at him, you would like him．(条件)
To turn to the left, you could find a post office
4表示原因，不定式常放在某些形容词（如：sure, glad, happy, sorry, afraid等）○
后面作状语．例如：
I am very glad to hear it．
He’s very happy to see his wife.
“ too十形容词或副词十不定式”作状语．例如：
He is too old to do that．
另外句子中有 enough这个词时，常用不定式作状语．例如：
The room is big enough to hold us．
6)作表语．例如：
My job is to help the patient．
注意：1。不定式在句中作表语时，对应的谓语动词用单数。
2．当主语是不定式时，表语也要用不定式（即平行结构）
如：To see is to believe. (眼见为实)
7) 作独立成分．例如：
To tell the truth， I don’t agree with you.
To make matters worse, it began to rain
8)不定式与疑问词 who，which ，when ，where ，how ，what 等连用，在句中起名词作用，可充当主语、表语、宾语等．例如：
He didn’t know what to say.(宾语)
How to solve the problem is very important．(主语)
My question is when to start. (表语)
注意：在与 why连用时，只用于 why或 why not开头的简短疑问句中，后面紧跟的动词不定式不带 to. 例如:
Why not have a rest?
2．不定式虽没有人称和数的变化，但有时态和语态的变化．
1）不定式的时态
l 不定式的一般形式所表示的动作，通常与谓语的动作(状态) 同时(或几乎同时) 发生， ○
或是在它之后发生．例如：
I saw him go out．
2如果谓语表示的动作(情况) 发生时，不定式表示的动作正在进行，这时不定式就要用 ○
进行式．例如：
I am very glad to be working with you．
3如果不定式的动作发生在谓语动词之前，就要用完成式．例如: ○
I’m sorry to have kept you waiting.
2）不定式的语态
当不定式逻辑上的主语是这个不定式所表示的动作的承受者时，不定式一般要用被动形式。例如：
He asked to be sent to work in the countryside．
It is possible for our hopes to be realized．
不定式在句中用主动式还是被动式。多数情况下是容易判别的，但有时的确比较复杂，请注意以下几点：
A) 不定式修饰的名词或代词和不定式构成逻辑上的主谓关系时，不定式往往用主动形式.
Have you got a key to unlock the door? (A key unlocks the door．)
B)不定式和它前面被修饰的名词或代词构成逻辑上的动宾关系，又和该句主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系时，不定式常用主动形式．
I have got a letter to write．( I write letter．)
He needs a room to live in．( He lives in a room．)
I know what to do．( I do what．) 但这句如改为下列形式，不定式就得用被动形式：
I know what is to be done. 这是因为 what is to be done是宾语从句，从句中的主语 what是动词 do的动作对象
C)不定式作表语形容词的状语，和句中主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系时，不定式多用主动形式，这是因为人们往往认为形容词后省去了 for one或 for people．例如： He is hard to talk to．( to talk to him．)
The book is difficult to understand. ( to understand the book.)
但如果强调句中的受事者时，亦可用不定式被动式，例如：
The handwriting is very difficult to be read.
The box is too heavy to be lifted．
D)在 “there十be” 的结构中，当说话人考虑的是必须有人去完成某件事时，不定式用主动形式，如果说话人强调的是事情本身必须完成，则用被动形式．
There is a lot of work to do. ( Somebody has to do the work．)
There is a lot of work to be done． ( The work has to be done.)
请注意下面两个句子的含义是不同的：
There is nothing to do. 意为无事可做，感到十分乏味．
There is nothing to be done．意为某东西坏了，无法使之恢复正常．
二、动词-ing(包括动名词、现在分词)
（一）．动词- ing形式具有动词和名词的性质; 在句中起名词作用，可作主语、宾语、表语、定语．
1、作主语．例如:
Seeing is believing.
Laying eggs is the ant queen’s full- time job.
It is no use arguing with him.
注意：动名词和不定式都可以作主语或宾语，动名词表示一般或抽象的多次性行为，不定式往往表示具体的或一次性的动作．例如：
Playing with fire is dangerous．(泛指玩火)
To play with fire will be dangerous．(指一具体动作)
但在 It is no use／ good，not any use／ good，useless 等后必需用动词-ing 。
2、作表语．例如：
Her job is teaching.
3、作宾语．例如：
He is fond of playing football．
I like swimming.
注①下列动词只能用动名词作宾语，请牢记下列小诗：
考虑建议盼原谅，承认推迟没得想。避免错过继续练，提到想象禁冒险。否认完成停欣赏，不禁介意准逃亡。
consider / suggest / advise, look forward to, excuse, pardon, admit, delay/ put off, fancy, avoid, miss, keep / keep on, practice, mention, imagine, forbid, risk, deny, finish, quit, enjoy / appreciate, can’t help, mind, allow / permit, escape.
注② forget，go on，like ，mean ，regret ，remember ，stop ，try 等动词可带动名词或不定式作宾语，但意义上有区别。
I remember doing the exercise. (我记得做过练习．)
I must remember to do it. (我必须记着做这事．)
I tried not to go there．(我没法不去那里．)
I tried doing it again. (我试着又干了一次．)
Stop speaking. (不要讲话。)
He stopped to talk. (他停下来讲话．)
I mean to come early today. (我打算今早些来．)
Missing the train means waiting for another hour．(误了这趟火车意味着再等一个小时．)
注③在 allow，advise ，forbid ，permit 等动词后直接跟动词作宾语时，要用动名词形式，如果后面有名词或代词作宾语，然后再跟动词作宾语补足语时，其宾语补足语用带 to的不定式．例如：
We don’t allow smoking here. (allow doing sth.)
We don’t allow students to smoke. (allow sb. to do sth.)
注④动词 need，require ，want 作“需要”解，其后跟动词作它的宾语时，必须用动名词，或不定式的被动式．这时，动名词的主动式表示被动意义, 且主语往往是事物．例如：
The window needs cleaning/ to be cleaned)
注⑤在短语 devote to ，look forward to ，stick to ，to be used to ，object to ，thank you for，excuse me for，be( kept) busy，be worth，have difficulty／ trouble／ problem (in)，have a good／ wonderful／ hard time(in)， get down to等后的动词也必须用动名词形式．例如：
I look forward to hearing from you soon.
注⑥在 love，hate ，prefer 等动词后用动名词或不定式无多大区别。但说话人有所指的时候，通常用不定式。
注⑦start ，begin ，continue 在书面语中多后接动名词，在口语中多后接不定式。 注⑧在 should(would) like／ love等后须用不定式。
4、作定语．1）表用途，如例1、；2）表事物本身所具有的性质，如例2、3）表示正在进行的动作，如例3：
1） a fishing boat=a boat used for fishing
2） an interesting book
3) I can’t see clearly those standing at the back.
注意动词-ing 形式（现在分词）与过去分词、不定式作定语的区别：
一般来说动词-ing 形式（现在分词）作定语通常表示该动作正在进行或存在的状态，与修饰词之间有着逻辑上的主动关系，现在分词的被动语态（being done ）表示一个被动的、正在进行的动作；过去分词作定语一般表示该动作已经完成，且与被修饰词之间存在着逻辑上的被动关系；不定式作定语表示一个将要发生的动作, 如：
Do you know the boy lying under the big tree.
The meeting being held(which is being held) now is very important.
The meeting held (which is being held) yesterday is very important.
The meeting to be held tomorrow is very important
（二）动词-ing 形式作宾语补足语
动词-ing 形式常放在感官动词如：feel 、find 、hear 、smell 、observe 、watch 、notice 、look at、 listen to等，以及使役动词如：have, keep, leave等后作宾补。如： I felt the house shaking.
I saw them walking along the river yesterday evening.
I’ll have the car waiting at the entrance.
（三）动词-ing 形式作状语
动词-ing 形式作状语可以表示时间，原因，结果，条件，让步，行为方式，伴随情况等。如：
Reading attentively，he forgot the time for lunch (原因)
Reading carefully，you'll learn something new (条件)
He came running to tell me the good news (方式)
现在分词作状语表结果时，表示自然而然的结果。如：
He dropped the cup, breaking it into pieces.
It rained heavily in the south, causing serious flooding in several provinces.
（四）．动名词的复合结构
动名词的复合结构可作主语和宾语，由形容词性的物主代词或人称代词的宾格，名 词所有格或普通格加动名词构成．在句子开头必须用名词所有格或形容词性的物主代词．例如:
His coming made me very happy．
Mary ’s crying annoyed him.
She didn’t mind his crying．
Is there any hope of Xiao Wang’s winning．
（五）现在分词的独立主格结构
现在分词作状语可以有自已的逻辑主语，这种主语常常是名词或代词的主格，置于现在分词之前，两者结合在一起构成一种现在分词的独立结构，这种独立结构常用作状语，可放在句首或句末，该结构前可用介词with ，例如：
(With) the problem being settled, we went home.
Weather permitting; we can go out for a picnic tomorrow.
现在分词作状语时，其逻辑主语一般应与句子的主语保持一致，但有时现在分词用来表示说话人对所说的话的一种态度，这时它的逻辑主语可以与其所在句中的主语不一致，这种情况多已成为固定搭配，可以将其看成是句子的一种独立成分，这种独立成分常见的有：
generally speaking 一般说来， strictly/frankly/ speaking 严格地/坦白地说 ，judging from 从···判断，alking of (speaking of) 说到，considering „考虑到„. ，supposing „. 假定
（六）．动词-ing 的时态和语态．
1．动词-ing 的时态，分一般式和完成式两种
如果动词-ing 的动作没有明确地表示出时间是与谓语动词同时发生或在谓语动作以前发生，用动词-ing 的一般式(doing)．例如:
1）We are interested in playing chess.
2）We must do something to prevent water from being polluted
如果动词-ing 的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前，通常用动词-ing 的完成时态
（having done）。例如:
3）He was praised for having finished the work ahead of time.
4）I remember having been told a story.
2．动词-ing 的语态，分主动语态和被动语态
动名-ing 与它的逻辑主语之间是主动关系，动名词用主动语态（看上例1和例3），否则用被动语态（看上例2和例4）
三．过去分词
过去分词在名中一般可作定语、状语、表语和宾语补足语。通常过去分词与句中某一名词或代词具有逻辑上的被动关系，并且该动作已经完成（看例1），但有时也可只表示动作的完成，而不表被动关系（看例2），或只表被动关系，而不表动作的完成（看例3）。
（一）作定语
单个的过去分词作定语时，常常位于其所修饰的名词前，如果被修饰的词是复合不定代词或指示代词those 等词时，即使是一个单一的分词不达意作定语也要放在被修饰的词之后（看例4），而过去分词短语作定语，则要放在其所修饰的名词后，相当于一个定语从名（如例5），例如：
1. The injured bird lay on the ground, unable to move.
2．fallen leaves = leaves that have fallen 落叶
the risen sun =the sun that has risen 升起的太阳
(不及物动词的过去分词表示主动的完成意义)
3．The boy named Tom is my brother.
4.There was nobody invited here.
5.what ’s the language spoken(=that is spoken) in that area?
注意：一般来说动词-ing 形式（现在分词）作定语通常表示该动作正在进行或存在的状态，与修饰词之间有着逻辑上的主动关系，现在分词的被动语态（being done ）表示一个被动的、正在进行的动作；过去分词作定语一般表示该动作已经完成，且与被修饰词之间存在着逻辑上的被动关系；不定式作定语表示一个将要发生的动作如：
Do you know the boy lying under the big tree.
The meeting being held(which is being held) now is very important.
The meeting held (which is being held) yesterday is very important.
The meeting to be held tomorrow is very important
（二）作表语
过去分词作表语通常表示主语的一种心理感受或心理状态，其后常接at,with,in 等介词短语。如：
My sister feels very interested in cooking.
注1． 过去分词与现在分词作表语有区别：一般来说句子的主语是人，则用过去分词作表
语，名子的主语是事物，则用现在分词作表语。如：
The girl was frightened at the snake.
The snake was frightening.
注2． 过去分词作表语表示主语所处的被动状态或完成某动作的状态。而被动语态表示主
语所承受的动作。如：
He is well educated . (过去分词作表语)
The enemy was surrounded by the Red Army. （被动语态）
（三）作宾语补足语。
过去分词常放在感官动词与使役动词之后作宾补，与宾语之间是意义上的被动关系，说明主语所处的状态。如：
We found the village completely changed.
Don ’t leave the work half done.
注意：三种非谓语动词作宾语补足语的区别
感官动词see, watch, observe, look at, hear, listen to, notice 等和使役动词have ，leave, make 等 后面的宾补有三种形式，即不定式、现在分词和过去分词。现在分词表主动或正在进行，过去分词表被动或完成，不定式表示动作的全过程或一个将要发生的动作。如： I heard her singing an English song when I passed by her room yesterday. I heard her sing an English song just now.
I heard the English song sung many times.
2．不及物动词的过去分词作宾补表完成和状态。如：
I looked down at my neck and found my necklace gone. (状态)
I was surprised to find my hometown changed so much. (完成)
（四）作状语
1．过去分词作状语可以表示时间，原因，条件，让步，行为方式，伴随情况等，它所表示的动作是句子主语承受的动作，它们之间的关系是被动关系。。如：
Given more attention, the trees could have grown better （条件）
Though defeated , he didn’t lose heart. (让步)
Bitten by a snake, he was taken to hospital (原因)
The teacher came into the lab, followed by some students. (伴随状况) Shown the lab, we were taken to see the library. (时间)
2. 过去分词或短语可以和时间连词（when, whenever, while, until 等）、地点连词（where, wherever ）、条件连词（if, unless）、让步连词（though, although, even though）等组合成短语，如：
When asked about his previous job, he said he had been a worker.
Retirees in good health should be invited to return to work wherever needed. If kept for too long, some medicine will lose their effectiveness.
Even though defeated for a second time, our team did not give up hope for the ultimate victory.
3. 过去分短语还可以和介词with 或without 连用，具有副词的作用。如：
With the water pipe choked, there wasn’t any more water for use.
Without anything left in the kitchen,the Wangs decided to eat out.
4. 分词（包括现在分词和过去分词）的独立主格结构。分词作状语时，其逻辑主语必须和主句的主语一致，如果不一致，就用独立主格结构，即在分词前加上它的逻辑主语，形式为：名/代（主格）+ 现在分词/过去分词。如：
The boy rushed into the classroom, his face covered with sweat.
All things considered, your article is of great value than hers.
Weather permitting, we can go out for a picnic tomorrow.
5. 过去分词与现在分词作状语的区别：
现在分词作状语时，现在分词的动作就是句子主语的动作，它们之间的关系是主动关系。过去分词作状语时，过去分词表示的动作是句子主语承受的动作，它们之间的关系是被动关系。如：
Not knowing what to do, he went to his parents for help.
Given more attention, the trees could have grown better.
非谓语动词练习与解析
1. ＿＿＿Sunday, the students are at home.
A.Being B.To be C.It is D.It being
2.The boy lay on his back, his teeth ＿＿and his glaring eyes ＿＿＿.
A.set；looked B.set；looking C.setting；looked D.setting；looking
3.All the thing＿＿＿＿，his proposal is of greater value than yours.
A.considered B.considering C.to consider D.consider
4. ＿＿＿＿who she was, she said she was Mr.Johnson's friend.
A.Asking B.Asked C.To be asked D.When asking
5.He hurried to the station,＿＿＿the 9：30 train had already left.
A.to find B.found C.only to find D.only finding
6.Which do you enjoy ＿＿＿your weekends, fishing or watching TV?
A.spending B.to spend C.being spent D.spend
7. ＿＿＿all my letters, I had a drink and went out.
A.Finished B.Having finished C.Finishing D.To finish
8.She had no money ＿＿＿a birthday present for her children.
A.to buy with B .buying C.bought D.with which to buy
9.From the dates＿＿＿on the gold coin, it is conformed that it was made five hundred years ago.
A.marking B.marked C.to be marked D.having been marked
10. ＿＿＿＿time and labour, cartoonists generally draw the hands of their characters with only 3 fingers and a thumb.
A.To save B.Saved C.Saving D.Having saved
11.O'Neal works hard.He is often seen ＿＿＿heavily before his teammates start.
A.sweated B.to be sweated C.sweating D.being sweated
12.I can hardly imagine Peter＿＿＿across the Atlantic Ocean in 15 days.
A.sail B.to sail C.sailing D.to have sailed
13.Such ＿＿＿the case, I couldn't help but ＿＿＿＿＿ him.
A.being；support B.is；to support
C.has been；supporting D.be；supported
14.Does the way you thought of＿＿＿the water clean make any sense?
A.making B.to make C.how to make D.having made
15.In order not to be disturbed, I spent three hours＿＿in my study.
A.locking B.locked C.to lock D.being locked
16.You will find the word "psychology"＿＿＿under "P" in your dictionary.
A.have listed B.list C.listed D.listing
17.Sandy could do nothing but ＿＿＿to his mother that he was wrong.
A.admitting B.admits C.admit D.to admit
18.When I caught him cheating me, I stopped ＿＿things in his shop.
A.buying B.buy C.to buy D.bought
19.A doctor can expect＿＿＿at any hour of the day or night.
A.calling B.to call C.being called D.to be called
20.Nearly every great building in Beijing was built＿＿＿ south.
A.to face B.facing C.to have faced D.being facing
21.With his son＿＿＿, the old man felt unhappy.
A.to be disappointed B.disappointing
C.being disappointed D.to disappoint
22.It was＿＿＿＿computer games that cost the boy a lot of time that he ought to have spent on his lessons.
A.to have played B.playing C.played D.having played
23.And there, almost＿＿＿in the big chair, sat her little brother, who never had to be told to keep quiet.
A.having lost B.losing C.to be lost D.lost
24. As I will be away for at least a year, I'd appreciate＿＿＿from you now and then＿＿me how everyone is getting along.
A.hearing； tell B.to hear ； tell C.hearing ； telling D.to hear ； to tell
25.The students are forbidden, unless they have special passes, ＿＿ after 11 pm.
A.to stay out B.from staying out C.staying out D.not to stay out
26.I worked so late in the office last night that I hardly had time＿ ＿the last bus.
A.catching B.to catch C.having caught D.to have caught
27. ＿＿to sunlight for too much time will do harm to one's skin.
A.Exposed B.Having exposed C.Being exposed D.After being exposed
28.Mike didn't start＿＿＿＿the importance of a foreign language till he
graduated from school.
A.knowing B.to know C.know D.to have known
29.-- Why was a special meeting called?
-- ＿＿＿a new chairman.
A.To elect B.Electing C.Our electing D.Elected
30.-- Why did Bob weep?
-- He couldn't bear＿＿＿like that before the whole class.
A. making fun of B.being made fun of
C.to be laughed at D.being made fun
31.The students expected there＿＿more reviewing classes before the
final exams.
A.is B.to be C.being D.have been
32.I don't mind＿＿＿by bus, but I hate＿＿in queues.
A.traveling；stand B.to travel；to stand
C.traveling；to stand D.traveling；to standing
33.We are looking forward to＿＿＿the film＿＿＿＿at the Grand Cinema.
A.seeing；to show B.see; shown C.seeing；shown D.see；to show
34.At the shopping-centre,he didn't know what＿＿and ＿＿with an empty
bag.
A.to buy；leave B.to be bought；left
C.to buy；left D.was to buy；leave
35.The policeman put down the phone, ＿＿＿with a smile on his face.
A.satisfied B.satisfying C.to be satisfied D.having satisfied
36. ＿＿＿, your composition is full of mistakes.
A.Writing carelessly B.Written carelessly
C.Having written carelessly D.Being written carelessly
37.She made a candle＿＿＿us light.
A.give B.gave C.to give D.given
38.-- What do you suppose made her worried?
-- ＿＿＿a gold ring.
A.Lose B.Lost C.Losing D.Because of losing
39.I know it's not important, but I can't help ＿＿about it.
A.to think B.and think C.thinking D.being thought
40. ＿＿several times, the young scientist still kept on making his experiments.
A.Having been failed B.Having failed
C.Though failed D.Because of failure
41. ＿＿＿all over the hill and around the lake are wild flowers of different kinds.
A.To grow B.Growing C.Grown D.Grow
42.--Who are you going to have＿＿this letter for you?
-- My secretary.
A.type B.typed C.been typed D.been typing
43.The food＿＿＿at the moment is for the dinner party.
A.cooked B.to be cooked C.is being cooked D.being cooked
44.A kind old gentleman offered＿＿＿my bags to the taxi stand.
A.his help carried B.carrying
C.me to carry D.to help me to carry
45.You can hardly imagine the difficulty the woman had＿＿＿her childrn.
A.brought up B.to bring up C.bringing up D.to have brought up
46.He was＿＿＿today, but was asked to stay for＿＿＿week.
A.to have returned；another B.returning；one more
C.returned；another D.to return；other
47.-- Where should I send my form?
-- The Personnel office is the place＿＿＿.
A.for sending it B.to send it to C.to send D.to send it
48.I could feel the wind＿＿on my face from an open window.
A.to blow B.blowing C.to be blowing D.blown
49.-- Lucy, why didn't you come last Sunday?
-- I＿＿＿, but my father was in hospital.
A.would B.had C.was going to D.did
50.--What terrible weather! I simply can't get the car＿＿＿.
-- Why not try＿＿＿＿the engine with some hot water?
A.starting；filling B.start；filling
C.started ；to fill D.to start；fill
51. Lots of rescue workers were working around the clock, ＿＿＿＿supplies to Yushu, Qinghai Province after the earthquake.
A. sending B. to send C. having sent D. to have sent
52.In April, thousands of holidaymakers remained ＿＿＿＿ abroad due to the volcanic ash cloud.
A. sticking B. stuck C. to be stuck D. to have stuck
53. Lucy has a great sense of humor and always keeps her colleagues ＿＿＿＿ with
her stories.
A. amused B. amusing C. to amuse D. to be amused
54. ＿＿＿＿the city center, we saw a stone statue of about 10 meters in height.
A. Approaching B. Approached C. To approach D. To be approached
55. This is the only way we can imagine ＿＿＿＿ the overuse of water in students' bathrooms.
A. reducing B. to reduce C. reduced D. reduce
56. He had a wonderful childhood, _____with his mother to all corners of the world
A. travel B. to travel C. traveled D. traveling
57.Listen! Do you hear someone ＿＿＿＿ for help?
A. calling B. call C. to call D. called
58. Dina, ＿＿＿＿ for months to find a job as a waitress, finally took a position at a local advertising agency.
A. struggling B. struggled C. having struggled D. to struggle
59.So far nobody has claimed the money ＿＿＿＿ in the library.
A. discovered B. to be discovered
C. discovering D. having discovered
60. The lady walked around the shops, _______ an eye out for bargains.
A keep B kept C keeping D to keep
61.There were many talented actors out there just waiting ______.
A to discover B to be discovered C discovered D being discovered
62.I have a lot of readings _____ before the end of this term.
A. completing B. to complete C. completed D. being completed
63. It rained heavily in the south _______ serious flooding in several provinces.
A. caused B. having caused C. causing D. to cause
64. A great number of students _______ said they were forced to practise the piano.
A. to question B. to be questioned C. questioned D. questioning
65. The lawyer listened with full attention _______ to miss any point A not trying B trying not C to try not D not to try
66.Mrs.White showed her students some old maps ______ from the library.
A. to borrow B. to be borrowed C. borrowed D. borrowing
67. With Father’s Day around the corner ,I have taken some money out of the bank ______ presents for my dad.
A. buy B. to buy C. buying D. to have bought
68.The retired man donated most of his savings to the school damaged by the earthquake in Kyushu ,________the students to return to their classrooms.
A. enabling B. having enabled C. to enable D. to have enabled
69. _____ from the top of the tower, the south foot of the mountain is a sea of trees .
A. Seen B. Seeing C. Having seen D. To see
70. His first book _______ next month is based on a true story.
A. published B. to be published C. to publish D. being published
71.Though ________to see us, the professor gave us a warm welcome.
A. surprising B. as surprised C. surprised D being surprised
72.______red, the building stands out among the rest and looks very attractive.
A. Painted B. To paint C. Painting D. Having painted
73. After she completes the project, she’ll have nothing________
A. to worry about B. to worry C. to be worried D. worried
74.We were astonished _______ the temple still in its original condition.
A.finding B.to find C.find D.to be found
75.Alexander tried to get his work _______in the medical circles.
A. to recognize B. recognizing C. recognize D. recognized
76. _______ at my classmates' faces, I read the same excitement in their eyes.
A. Looking B. Look C. To look D. Looked
77. I'm calling to inquire about the position ______ in yesterday's China Daily.
A. advertised B. to be advertised C. advertising D. having advertised
78.The news shocked the public, _______to great concern about students’ safety at school.
A. having led B. led C. leading D. to lead
79. Many buildings in the city need repairing, but the one ______first is the library.
A. repaired B. being repaired C. repairing D. to be repaired
80.The traffic rule says young children under the age of four and ____ less than 40 pounds must be in a child safety seat.
A. being weighed B. to weigh C. weighed D. weighing
答案与解析：
1.D 。本题考查独立主格结构, 因为前后主语不一致, 所以前面分词的逻辑主语不可以省略。It being Sunday 相当于As it is Sunday。
2.B 。独立主格结构在句中作伴随状语, teeth 与set 两个词之间含有逻辑上的被动关系, 所以用过去分词；look 这一动作是eyes 所发出, 所以用looking 。
3.A 。独立主格结构在句中作状语, 因为things 与consider 之间含有被动关系, 所以用过去分词。
4.B 。分词短语作状语, 因为ask 与句子的主语（she ）之间有被动关系, 所以用过去分词。
5.C 。本题考查" （only ）＋不定式" 与"-ing 形式" 作结果状语的区别。"only ＋不定式" 表示该结果在主语的预料之外；接"-ing" 形式表示由主句所产生的逻辑上的结果。
6.B 。本题考查不定式作目的状语, 本题极易误选A 。其实 enjoy的宾语为fishing or watching TV。
7.B 。因finish 这一动作发生在I had a drink and went out之前, 所以必须用现在分词的完成式。
8.D 。介词＋关系代词＋不定式的结构可以在句中用作定语，其作用相当于一个定语从句。
9.B 。本题考查非谓语动词作定语。不定式作定语时, 表示将来的动作；现在分词作定语, 表示主动、进行；过去分词作定语, 表示被动、完成。因为dates 是被标在gold coin 上, 所以用过去分词表示被动。
10.A 。不定式作目的状语。
11.C 。分词在句中作主语补足语。因sweat 这一动作是he 所发出, 所以为主动。
12.C 。Peter 为逻辑主语，与sailing 构成复合结构，作imagine 的宾语。
13.A 。can't help but为固定短语, but后面接不带to 的不定式；Such being the case为独立主格结构，the case为逻辑主语。
14.B 。
15.B 。lock 与其逻辑主语应含有动宾关系, 即 "被锁在书房里" 。
16.C 。单词psychology 被列在 "P"之下, 有被动关系。
17.C 。but 表示 "除了", 为介词, 当其前面有动词do 的各种形式时,but 后接不带to 的不定式。18.A 。当stop 后面接不定式时, 表示" 停下来去做某事" ；如果接-ing 形式, 则表示" 停止正在做的事" 。
19.D 。expect 后面接不定式。由题意可知,doctor 与call 之间是被动关系。
20.B 。现在分词在句中表示状态。
21.B 。with 复合结构在句中作状语, 表示原因, 意为" 由于儿子很是令人失望。"
22.B 。本题为强调句型，被强调的部分是句子的主语，所以采用-ing 形式。
23.D 。be lost in是固定短语，意为" 陷入„„之中" 。变为分词短语作状语时，仍用过去分词lost 。
24.C 。appreciate 后直接接-ing 形式作宾语。
25.A 。本题考查forbid 的用法。当forbid 用作被动形式时, 构成be forbidden to do结构。
26.B 。
27.C 。由题意" 暴露在阳光下太久, 会伤害人的皮肤" 可知应采用-ing 形式的被动式作主语。
28.B 。start 后可以接-ing 形式或to do, 但如果start 后面的动词表示心理活动的词时, 必须用不定式。
29.A 。回答why 引导的问句，一般用不定式；回答what 问句，一般用-ing 形式。
30.B 。bear 意为" 容忍", 后面接-ing 形式；make fun of 与其逻辑主语有被动关系, 所以用being done 形式。
31.B 。expected there to be的形式相当于expected there would be...。
32.C 。mind 意为" 介意", 后面接-ing 形式； hate后可以接-ing 形式或to do两种形式。
33.C 。look forward to（to 为介词）后面接-ing 形式；film 与show 之间含有被动关系, 所以用过去分词作定语。
34.C 。" 特殊疑问词＋不定式" 结构在句中作宾语；left 与didn't know并列。
35.A 。be satisfied with"对„„满意", 即satisfy 与with 紧紧相连时, 必须用其过去分词。
36.B 。write 所表示的动作与其逻辑主语有被动关系。Being written为现在分词进行时的被动, 表示该动作正在进行, 与题意不符, 所以选B 。
37.C 。不定式作目的状语, 意为" 她制了一些蜡烛用来照明" 。
38.C 。参见注29。
39.C 。can't help表示" 忍不住" 后面接-ing 形式；表示" 不能帮助" 时, 后面接不定式。
40.B 。fail 这一动作发生在主句谓语动词之前, 所以用现在分词的完成时, 并且为主动概念。
41.B 。all over the hill and around the lake为地点状语提前。wild flowers是长在" 山上及湖的周围" 的。
42.A 。who 为have 的宾语。
43.D 。根据句子意思可知该动作正在进行, 所以用being done形式。
44.D 。本题考查offer 与help 的用法, 即offer to do sth.与help sb.(to) do sth。
45.C 。本题考查have difficulty(in) doing sth.这一结构。本句中 the woman had为定语从句, 修饰difficulty 。
46.A 。be to＋have done结构, 表示本应该做某事, 但事实上却没有做。
47.B 。本题考查不定式作定语的用法。根据send 的用法，send sth.to some place，故选择答案B 。
48.B 。blow 这一动作是wind 发出的, 所以为主动, 因此选择blowing 。
49.C 。该题考查了动词不定式的省略现象。由题意可知是表示过去的一种打算或计划，在"was going to" 后省略了前面的内容或动作，故应选C 。
50.A 。get the car starting意为" 使汽车发动起来" ；try doing 意为" 试着做某事" 。
51．答案 A. 解析 表示伴随。从 ―were working‖可以判断是进行时态 排除C 。
52答案 B 考点 remain后接动词的用法 解析 remain是高考的重点词汇。当它做系动词时 后面接过去分词作表语。
53．答案 A. 解析 keep+sb. /sth. +done,根据句意 sb.与它后面的动词成被动关系 故选A.
54．答案 A. 解析 考察现在分词作状语 表示正在进行或主动的动作。此时分词的逻辑主语就是主句的主语 因此要注意人称、时态和语态的一致性。
55．答案 B . 解析 此处应该用不定式the way to do sth表示做„„的途径、方式。the only way to do„„,we can imagine 做定语 前面省略了that.
56．答案 D. 解析 主语 he 与动词travel 之间存在主动关系 故用traveling 作原因状语。
57．答案 A. 解析 该空在句中为非谓语动词作宾补 根据 someone与call 的主动关系排除D 项。Hear 后接不定式作宾补时应省略to 由此排除C 项。由Listen 可判断此处表示正在求救 故 选A 项。
58．答案 C 考点 考查非谓语动词。 解析 该空 分词短语作时间状语 其逻辑主语Dina 与struggle 为主动关系 故排除B 项。由剧中的finally 可知非谓语动词表示的动作发生在句中谓语took
a position之前 故用现在分词的完成主动式。
59．答案 A . 解析 该空在句中作后置定语修饰the money 根据the money与discover 的被动关系 排除C 、D 两项。B 项表示的是“将要被发现”的意思 根据句意“到目前为止还没有人来认领在图书馆被发现的钱”可判断选A 项。
60．答案 C. 解析 句子主语lady 和keep 之间是主动关系, 而且walk 和keep 同时发生。
61．答案 B. 解析 演员等待被发现, 用被动, 发现发生在等待之后, 所以用不定式.
62．答案 B. 解析 句意应为“这个学期结束前 我要做很多阅读练习。”由于时间状语before the end of this term表达未来的时间 所以空格处使用动词不定式表示将来 充当readings 的定
63．答案 C. 句意 南方下了大雨 在几个省区造成严重洪灾。 解析 空格后serious flooding是rained heavily的后果 而且句子主语it 和cause 之间存在主动关系 所以此处要用动词的ing 形式作结果状语
64．答案 C. 解析 question 与students 存在被动关系 question表示的动作也已完成 故用过去分 词。
65．答案 B考点 考查现在分词短语做伴随状语及动词不定式的否定式。 解析 句中listen 和try not to miss 为同时进行的动作 故用现在分词的一般式做伴随状语。又动词不定式的否定式要在其前加not. 故选B 。
66．答案 C 句意 怀特夫人像学生们展示了一些从图书馆借来的老地图。 解答 根据选项此题考察非谓语动词 题干中空格划在名词maps 后 空格后部分是对maps 解释说明 因此此题考察非谓语动词做定语。非谓语动词做状语 首先判断动词与所修饰名词的主动还是被动关系 borrow和maps 是被动关系 被动关系时非谓语动词形式有三种 to be done, being done, done to be done表示动作将要发生 being done表示动作正在发生 done表示用作已经完成 根据句意borrow 的动作已经完成 因此选择C 。
67答案 B 句意 父亲节将要到来 为了给爸爸买礼物我已经从银行取了一些钱。 解答 根据选项此题考察非谓语动词。题干中空格划在名词后 但是空格后的部分不是 对bank 解释说明 而是说明取钱的目的 因此此题中非谓语动词做目的状语 非谓语动 词中不定式做状语用来表示目的 因此选择B 。
68．选A. enabling 表示他在捐献后的结果
69 A.【解析】此处是非谓语动词做状语 逻辑主语是句子的主语 非谓 语动词与逻辑主语是被动关系 且其动作在谓语动词动作之前已经完成 用过去分词 选A 。
70．B. 【解析】此处是非谓语动词做后置定语 由时间状语next month可 知所填非谓语动词表示将
来的动作 用动词不定式 其逻辑主语是所修饰的名词book, 不定式与逻辑主语是被动关系 故用不定式的被动式 选B 。
71．【答案】C 【解析】省略结构和非谓语动词考查。补完整为 Though he was surprised 主语一致 省略主语和系动词。
72．答案 A。考点 非谓语动词 解析 过去分词作状语 主语 ―the building‖是动作 ―paint‖的作用对象
73．答案 A 考点 不定式作后置定语 解析 动词 “worry”与被修饰的名词 “nothing” 形成动宾关系 由于 “worry” 是 不及物动词 后面须加上加上介词 “about”。
74．答案 B 句意 我们吃惊地发现那座庙仍然还是原来的状况。 解析 考查非谓语动词。be astonished 后应该跟动词不定式做状语。
75．答案 D 句意 亚历山大试图让他的工作在医学圈内得到认可。解析 考查非谓语动词用法。宾语work 和recognize 之间存在被动关系 所以用过去分词 作宾语补足语。
76．答案 A 解析 look与句子主语I 为主动关系 因此用looking.
77．答案 A. 句意 我打电话来咨询下昨天中国日报上刊登职位的信息。 解析 the position肯定是被advertise 此处的分词可以理解为一个定语从句which was advertised
78答案C 考点 考查非谓语动词。 解析 句意为 这个消息使公众震惊 也引起了人们对学生在校安全的关注。The news 和lead 之间是主谓关系 并作shocked 的伴随状语 所以用leading 。 79答案D. 解析 the one 指代前面提到的buildings 与repair 是动宾关系 由前半句房屋需要修缮可 知修缮这个动作发生在need 之后 所以用to be repaired.
80．答案 D. 解析 根据句子结构 主语 the traffic rule 谓语动词 says 宾语从句 young children under the age of four and ____ less than 40 pounds must be in a child safety seat。宾语从句中 的主干 为 young children must be in a child safety seat。under the age of four and ____ less than 40 pounds用于修饰宾语从句主语children 。动词weigh 与名词children 是主动关 系 所以选择weighing 。句意 交通法则规定四岁以下并且体重不超过四十磅的婴儿必 须坐在婴儿安全座上。
非谓语动词用法详解
动词的非谓语形式有三种：不定式、动词-ing 和过去分词
一、不定式
不定式由“ to十动词原形”构成，其否定形式是“ not to do”．不定式仍保留动词的特点，即可以有自己的宾语或状语，一起构成不定式短语；不定式还具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，因此在句中可作主语、宾语、状语、表语和定语以及宾补，但不能单独作谓语．不定式的逻辑主语有时用“ for十名词或代词宾格”构成．
1．不定式的用法：
l)作主语．不定式短语作主语时，往往放在谓语之后，用 it作形式主语．例如： It is terrible to see the ship sinking into the sea．
It is right to give up smoking．
1当主语和表语都是不定式时，不能用形式主语代替动词不定式。如： 注意：○
To see is to believe.眼见为实
2在It is+ adj. +of / for sb. to do sth. 结构中，当不定式的逻辑主语和前面的○
形容词可以构成系表结构时，用of, 否则用 for.
如：It is easy for you to finish the task..
It is kind of you to help these children. （You are kind.）
2) 作宾语．不定式短语作宾语时，如果还带有宾语补足语。往往把不定式宾语放在宾语补足语之后，而用 it作形式宾语．例如：
He wanted to go to the park.
I find it interesting to study work with him.
3)作宾语补足语．例如：
He asked me to do the work with him.
注意 ：在表示感觉的动词及使役动词如 feel，hear ，listen to ，look at ，notice, observe ，see ，watch ，have, let，make 等词后作宾语补足语时，不定式不带 to．但是这些句子如果变成被动结构时，就必须带 to．例如
I often hear him sing the song．
He is often heard to sing the song．
Though he often makes his little sister cry, today he is made to cry by his little sister.
注意：不定式动词在介词 but，except ，besides 后面时，如果这些介词之前有行为动词 do的各种形式，那么，这些介词后的不定式不带 to，否则要带 to．即遵循“前有do 后无to 、前无do 后有to ”原则，如：
She could do nothing but cry.
What do you like to do besides swim ?
I have no choice but to go．
The doctor told him nothing but to stop smoking．
4) 作定语．不定式作定语要放在被修饰的词之后，例如：
This is a difficult question to answer．
注①作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等，不定式后面须有相应的介词．例如：
He is looking for a room to live in．
There is nothing to worry about．
Please give me a knife to cut with．
但是，不定式所修饰的名词如果是 time ，place 或 way ，不定式后面的介词习惯上要省去．例如：
He had no money and no place to live.
注②当作定语的不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的承受者时，不定式既可以用主动语态，也可用被动语态，但其含义有所不同．试比较：
Have you anything to send? 你有什么东西要寄吗?
(不定式 to send的动作执行者是 you)
Have you anything to be sent? 你有什么要(我或别人) 寄的东西吗?
(不定式 to be sent的动作执行者是已被省略的 me或someone else)
5)作状语
1. 表示目的、 I came here to see you．(目的) ○
目的状语还可以用 in order to或 so as to来表示．如：
In order to pass the exam, he worked very hard．
We ran all the way so as not to be late．
2表示结果，表结果时常与副词too 或enough 连用，与only 连用时表示出人意料 ○
的结果，例如：
It is too heavy to carry. (结果)
We arrived there only to find the train gone. (结果)
注意：不定式作状语表结果与现在分词作状语表结果不同，现在分词作状语表结果时，表示自然而然的结果。如：
He dropped the cup, breaking it into pieces.
It rained heavily in the south, causing serious flooding in several provinces. 3表示条件 ○
To look at him, you would like him．(条件)
To turn to the left, you could find a post office
4表示原因，不定式常放在某些形容词（如：sure, glad, happy, sorry, afraid等）○
后面作状语．例如：
I am very glad to hear it．
He’s very happy to see his wife.
“ too十形容词或副词十不定式”作状语．例如：
He is too old to do that．
另外句子中有 enough这个词时，常用不定式作状语．例如：
The room is big enough to hold us．
6)作表语．例如：
My job is to help the patient．
注意：1。不定式在句中作表语时，对应的谓语动词用单数。
2．当主语是不定式时，表语也要用不定式（即平行结构）
如：To see is to believe. (眼见为实)
7) 作独立成分．例如：
To tell the truth， I don’t agree with you.
To make matters worse, it began to rain
8)不定式与疑问词 who，which ，when ，where ，how ，what 等连用，在句中起名词作用，可充当主语、表语、宾语等．例如：
He didn’t know what to say.(宾语)
How to solve the problem is very important．(主语)
My question is when to start. (表语)
注意：在与 why连用时，只用于 why或 why not开头的简短疑问句中，后面紧跟的动词不定式不带 to. 例如:
Why not have a rest?
2．不定式虽没有人称和数的变化，但有时态和语态的变化．
1）不定式的时态
l 不定式的一般形式所表示的动作，通常与谓语的动作(状态) 同时(或几乎同时) 发生， ○
或是在它之后发生．例如：
I saw him go out．
2如果谓语表示的动作(情况) 发生时，不定式表示的动作正在进行，这时不定式就要用 ○
进行式．例如：
I am very glad to be working with you．
3如果不定式的动作发生在谓语动词之前，就要用完成式．例如: ○
I’m sorry to have kept you waiting.
2）不定式的语态
当不定式逻辑上的主语是这个不定式所表示的动作的承受者时，不定式一般要用被动形式。例如：
He asked to be sent to work in the countryside．
It is possible for our hopes to be realized．
不定式在句中用主动式还是被动式。多数情况下是容易判别的，但有时的确比较复杂，请注意以下几点：
A) 不定式修饰的名词或代词和不定式构成逻辑上的主谓关系时，不定式往往用主动形式.
Have you got a key to unlock the door? (A key unlocks the door．)
B)不定式和它前面被修饰的名词或代词构成逻辑上的动宾关系，又和该句主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系时，不定式常用主动形式．
I have got a letter to write．( I write letter．)
He needs a room to live in．( He lives in a room．)
I know what to do．( I do what．) 但这句如改为下列形式，不定式就得用被动形式：
I know what is to be done. 这是因为 what is to be done是宾语从句，从句中的主语 what是动词 do的动作对象
C)不定式作表语形容词的状语，和句中主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系时，不定式多用主动形式，这是因为人们往往认为形容词后省去了 for one或 for people．例如： He is hard to talk to．( to talk to him．)
The book is difficult to understand. ( to understand the book.)
但如果强调句中的受事者时，亦可用不定式被动式，例如：
The handwriting is very difficult to be read.
The box is too heavy to be lifted．
D)在 “there十be” 的结构中，当说话人考虑的是必须有人去完成某件事时，不定式用主动形式，如果说话人强调的是事情本身必须完成，则用被动形式．
There is a lot of work to do. ( Somebody has to do the work．)
There is a lot of work to be done． ( The work has to be done.)
请注意下面两个句子的含义是不同的：
There is nothing to do. 意为无事可做，感到十分乏味．
There is nothing to be done．意为某东西坏了，无法使之恢复正常．
二、动词-ing(包括动名词、现在分词)
（一）．动词- ing形式具有动词和名词的性质; 在句中起名词作用，可作主语、宾语、表语、定语．
1、作主语．例如:
Seeing is believing.
Laying eggs is the ant queen’s full- time job.
It is no use arguing with him.
注意：动名词和不定式都可以作主语或宾语，动名词表示一般或抽象的多次性行为，不定式往往表示具体的或一次性的动作．例如：
Playing with fire is dangerous．(泛指玩火)
To play with fire will be dangerous．(指一具体动作)
但在 It is no use／ good，not any use／ good，useless 等后必需用动词-ing 。
2、作表语．例如：
Her job is teaching.
3、作宾语．例如：
He is fond of playing football．
I like swimming.
注①下列动词只能用动名词作宾语，请牢记下列小诗：
考虑建议盼原谅，承认推迟没得想。避免错过继续练，提到想象禁冒险。否认完成停欣赏，不禁介意准逃亡。
consider / suggest / advise, look forward to, excuse, pardon, admit, delay/ put off, fancy, avoid, miss, keep / keep on, practice, mention, imagine, forbid, risk, deny, finish, quit, enjoy / appreciate, can’t help, mind, allow / permit, escape.
注② forget，go on，like ，mean ，regret ，remember ，stop ，try 等动词可带动名词或不定式作宾语，但意义上有区别。
I remember doing the exercise. (我记得做过练习．)
I must remember to do it. (我必须记着做这事．)
I tried not to go there．(我没法不去那里．)
I tried doing it again. (我试着又干了一次．)
Stop speaking. (不要讲话。)
He stopped to talk. (他停下来讲话．)
I mean to come early today. (我打算今早些来．)
Missing the train means waiting for another hour．(误了这趟火车意味着再等一个小时．)
注③在 allow，advise ，forbid ，permit 等动词后直接跟动词作宾语时，要用动名词形式，如果后面有名词或代词作宾语，然后再跟动词作宾语补足语时，其宾语补足语用带 to的不定式．例如：
We don’t allow smoking here. (allow doing sth.)
We don’t allow students to smoke. (allow sb. to do sth.)
注④动词 need，require ，want 作“需要”解，其后跟动词作它的宾语时，必须用动名词，或不定式的被动式．这时，动名词的主动式表示被动意义, 且主语往往是事物．例如：
The window needs cleaning/ to be cleaned)
注⑤在短语 devote to ，look forward to ，stick to ，to be used to ，object to ，thank you for，excuse me for，be( kept) busy，be worth，have difficulty／ trouble／ problem (in)，have a good／ wonderful／ hard time(in)， get down to等后的动词也必须用动名词形式．例如：
I look forward to hearing from you soon.
注⑥在 love，hate ，prefer 等动词后用动名词或不定式无多大区别。但说话人有所指的时候，通常用不定式。
注⑦start ，begin ，continue 在书面语中多后接动名词，在口语中多后接不定式。 注⑧在 should(would) like／ love等后须用不定式。
4、作定语．1）表用途，如例1、；2）表事物本身所具有的性质，如例2、3）表示正在进行的动作，如例3：
1） a fishing boat=a boat used for fishing
2） an interesting book
3) I can’t see clearly those standing at the back.
注意动词-ing 形式（现在分词）与过去分词、不定式作定语的区别：
一般来说动词-ing 形式（现在分词）作定语通常表示该动作正在进行或存在的状态，与修饰词之间有着逻辑上的主动关系，现在分词的被动语态（being done ）表示一个被动的、正在进行的动作；过去分词作定语一般表示该动作已经完成，且与被修饰词之间存在着逻辑上的被动关系；不定式作定语表示一个将要发生的动作, 如：
Do you know the boy lying under the big tree.
The meeting being held(which is being held) now is very important.
The meeting held (which is being held) yesterday is very important.
The meeting to be held tomorrow is very important
（二）动词-ing 形式作宾语补足语
动词-ing 形式常放在感官动词如：feel 、find 、hear 、smell 、observe 、watch 、notice 、look at、 listen to等，以及使役动词如：have, keep, leave等后作宾补。如： I felt the house shaking.
I saw them walking along the river yesterday evening.
I’ll have the car waiting at the entrance.
（三）动词-ing 形式作状语
动词-ing 形式作状语可以表示时间，原因，结果，条件，让步，行为方式，伴随情况等。如：
Reading attentively，he forgot the time for lunch (原因)
Reading carefully，you'll learn something new (条件)
He came running to tell me the good news (方式)
现在分词作状语表结果时，表示自然而然的结果。如：
He dropped the cup, breaking it into pieces.
It rained heavily in the south, causing serious flooding in several provinces.
（四）．动名词的复合结构
动名词的复合结构可作主语和宾语，由形容词性的物主代词或人称代词的宾格，名 词所有格或普通格加动名词构成．在句子开头必须用名词所有格或形容词性的物主代词．例如:
His coming made me very happy．
Mary ’s crying annoyed him.
She didn’t mind his crying．
Is there any hope of Xiao Wang’s winning．
（五）现在分词的独立主格结构
现在分词作状语可以有自已的逻辑主语，这种主语常常是名词或代词的主格，置于现在分词之前，两者结合在一起构成一种现在分词的独立结构，这种独立结构常用作状语，可放在句首或句末，该结构前可用介词with ，例如：
(With) the problem being settled, we went home.
Weather permitting; we can go out for a picnic tomorrow.
现在分词作状语时，其逻辑主语一般应与句子的主语保持一致，但有时现在分词用来表示说话人对所说的话的一种态度，这时它的逻辑主语可以与其所在句中的主语不一致，这种情况多已成为固定搭配，可以将其看成是句子的一种独立成分，这种独立成分常见的有：
generally speaking 一般说来， strictly/frankly/ speaking 严格地/坦白地说 ，judging from 从···判断，alking of (speaking of) 说到，considering „考虑到„. ，supposing „. 假定
（六）．动词-ing 的时态和语态．
1．动词-ing 的时态，分一般式和完成式两种
如果动词-ing 的动作没有明确地表示出时间是与谓语动词同时发生或在谓语动作以前发生，用动词-ing 的一般式(doing)．例如:
1）We are interested in playing chess.
2）We must do something to prevent water from being polluted
如果动词-ing 的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前，通常用动词-ing 的完成时态
（having done）。例如:
3）He was praised for having finished the work ahead of time.
4）I remember having been told a story.
2．动词-ing 的语态，分主动语态和被动语态
动名-ing 与它的逻辑主语之间是主动关系，动名词用主动语态（看上例1和例3），否则用被动语态（看上例2和例4）
三．过去分词
过去分词在名中一般可作定语、状语、表语和宾语补足语。通常过去分词与句中某一名词或代词具有逻辑上的被动关系，并且该动作已经完成（看例1），但有时也可只表示动作的完成，而不表被动关系（看例2），或只表被动关系，而不表动作的完成（看例3）。
（一）作定语
单个的过去分词作定语时，常常位于其所修饰的名词前，如果被修饰的词是复合不定代词或指示代词those 等词时，即使是一个单一的分词不达意作定语也要放在被修饰的词之后（看例4），而过去分词短语作定语，则要放在其所修饰的名词后，相当于一个定语从名（如例5），例如：
1. The injured bird lay on the ground, unable to move.
2．fallen leaves = leaves that have fallen 落叶
the risen sun =the sun that has risen 升起的太阳
(不及物动词的过去分词表示主动的完成意义)
3．The boy named Tom is my brother.
4.There was nobody invited here.
5.what ’s the language spoken(=that is spoken) in that area?
注意：一般来说动词-ing 形式（现在分词）作定语通常表示该动作正在进行或存在的状态，与修饰词之间有着逻辑上的主动关系，现在分词的被动语态（being done ）表示一个被动的、正在进行的动作；过去分词作定语一般表示该动作已经完成，且与被修饰词之间存在着逻辑上的被动关系；不定式作定语表示一个将要发生的动作如：
Do you know the boy lying under the big tree.
The meeting being held(which is being held) now is very important.
The meeting held (which is being held) yesterday is very important.
The meeting to be held tomorrow is very important
（二）作表语
过去分词作表语通常表示主语的一种心理感受或心理状态，其后常接at,with,in 等介词短语。如：
My sister feels very interested in cooking.
注1． 过去分词与现在分词作表语有区别：一般来说句子的主语是人，则用过去分词作表
语，名子的主语是事物，则用现在分词作表语。如：
The girl was frightened at the snake.
The snake was frightening.
注2． 过去分词作表语表示主语所处的被动状态或完成某动作的状态。而被动语态表示主
语所承受的动作。如：
He is well educated . (过去分词作表语)
The enemy was surrounded by the Red Army. （被动语态）
（三）作宾语补足语。
过去分词常放在感官动词与使役动词之后作宾补，与宾语之间是意义上的被动关系，说明主语所处的状态。如：
We found the village completely changed.
Don ’t leave the work half done.
注意：三种非谓语动词作宾语补足语的区别
感官动词see, watch, observe, look at, hear, listen to, notice 等和使役动词have ，leave, make 等 后面的宾补有三种形式，即不定式、现在分词和过去分词。现在分词表主动或正在进行，过去分词表被动或完成，不定式表示动作的全过程或一个将要发生的动作。如： I heard her singing an English song when I passed by her room yesterday. I heard her sing an English song just now.
I heard the English song sung many times.
2．不及物动词的过去分词作宾补表完成和状态。如：
I looked down at my neck and found my necklace gone. (状态)
I was surprised to find my hometown changed so much. (完成)
（四）作状语
1．过去分词作状语可以表示时间，原因，条件，让步，行为方式，伴随情况等，它所表示的动作是句子主语承受的动作，它们之间的关系是被动关系。。如：
Given more attention, the trees could have grown better （条件）
Though defeated , he didn’t lose heart. (让步)
Bitten by a snake, he was taken to hospital (原因)
The teacher came into the lab, followed by some students. (伴随状况) Shown the lab, we were taken to see the library. (时间)
2. 过去分词或短语可以和时间连词（when, whenever, while, until 等）、地点连词（where, wherever ）、条件连词（if, unless）、让步连词（though, although, even though）等组合成短语，如：
When asked about his previous job, he said he had been a worker.
Retirees in good health should be invited to return to work wherever needed. If kept for too long, some medicine will lose their effectiveness.
Even though defeated for a second time, our team did not give up hope for the ultimate victory.
3. 过去分短语还可以和介词with 或without 连用，具有副词的作用。如：
With the water pipe choked, there wasn’t any more water for use.
Without anything left in the kitchen,the Wangs decided to eat out.
4. 分词（包括现在分词和过去分词）的独立主格结构。分词作状语时，其逻辑主语必须和主句的主语一致，如果不一致，就用独立主格结构，即在分词前加上它的逻辑主语，形式为：名/代（主格）+ 现在分词/过去分词。如：
The boy rushed into the classroom, his face covered with sweat.
All things considered, your article is of great value than hers.
Weather permitting, we can go out for a picnic tomorrow.
5. 过去分词与现在分词作状语的区别：
现在分词作状语时，现在分词的动作就是句子主语的动作，它们之间的关系是主动关系。过去分词作状语时，过去分词表示的动作是句子主语承受的动作，它们之间的关系是被动关系。如：
Not knowing what to do, he went to his parents for help.
Given more attention, the trees could have grown better.
非谓语动词练习与解析
1. ＿＿＿Sunday, the students are at home.
A.Being B.To be C.It is D.It being
2.The boy lay on his back, his teeth ＿＿and his glaring eyes ＿＿＿.
A.set；looked B.set；looking C.setting；looked D.setting；looking
3.All the thing＿＿＿＿，his proposal is of greater value than yours.
A.considered B.considering C.to consider D.consider
4. ＿＿＿＿who she was, she said she was Mr.Johnson's friend.
A.Asking B.Asked C.To be asked D.When asking
5.He hurried to the station,＿＿＿the 9：30 train had already left.
A.to find B.found C.only to find D.only finding
6.Which do you enjoy ＿＿＿your weekends, fishing or watching TV?
A.spending B.to spend C.being spent D.spend
7. ＿＿＿all my letters, I had a drink and went out.
A.Finished B.Having finished C.Finishing D.To finish
8.She had no money ＿＿＿a birthday present for her children.
A.to buy with B .buying C.bought D.with which to buy
9.From the dates＿＿＿on the gold coin, it is conformed that it was made five hundred years ago.
A.marking B.marked C.to be marked D.having been marked
10. ＿＿＿＿time and labour, cartoonists generally draw the hands of their characters with only 3 fingers and a thumb.
A.To save B.Saved C.Saving D.Having saved
11.O'Neal works hard.He is often seen ＿＿＿heavily before his teammates start.
A.sweated B.to be sweated C.sweating D.being sweated
12.I can hardly imagine Peter＿＿＿across the Atlantic Ocean in 15 days.
A.sail B.to sail C.sailing D.to have sailed
13.Such ＿＿＿the case, I couldn't help but ＿＿＿＿＿ him.
A.being；support B.is；to support
C.has been；supporting D.be；supported
14.Does the way you thought of＿＿＿the water clean make any sense?
A.making B.to make C.how to make D.having made
15.In order not to be disturbed, I spent three hours＿＿in my study.
A.locking B.locked C.to lock D.being locked
16.You will find the word "psychology"＿＿＿under "P" in your dictionary.
A.have listed B.list C.listed D.listing
17.Sandy could do nothing but ＿＿＿to his mother that he was wrong.
A.admitting B.admits C.admit D.to admit
18.When I caught him cheating me, I stopped ＿＿things in his shop.
A.buying B.buy C.to buy D.bought
19.A doctor can expect＿＿＿at any hour of the day or night.
A.calling B.to call C.being called D.to be called
20.Nearly every great building in Beijing was built＿＿＿ south.
A.to face B.facing C.to have faced D.being facing
21.With his son＿＿＿, the old man felt unhappy.
A.to be disappointed B.disappointing
C.being disappointed D.to disappoint
22.It was＿＿＿＿computer games that cost the boy a lot of time that he ought to have spent on his lessons.
A.to have played B.playing C.played D.having played
23.And there, almost＿＿＿in the big chair, sat her little brother, who never had to be told to keep quiet.
A.having lost B.losing C.to be lost D.lost
24. As I will be away for at least a year, I'd appreciate＿＿＿from you now and then＿＿me how everyone is getting along.
A.hearing； tell B.to hear ； tell C.hearing ； telling D.to hear ； to tell
25.The students are forbidden, unless they have special passes, ＿＿ after 11 pm.
A.to stay out B.from staying out C.staying out D.not to stay out
26.I worked so late in the office last night that I hardly had time＿ ＿the last bus.
A.catching B.to catch C.having caught D.to have caught
27. ＿＿to sunlight for too much time will do harm to one's skin.
A.Exposed B.Having exposed C.Being exposed D.After being exposed
28.Mike didn't start＿＿＿＿the importance of a foreign language till he
graduated from school.
A.knowing B.to know C.know D.to have known
29.-- Why was a special meeting called?
-- ＿＿＿a new chairman.
A.To elect B.Electing C.Our electing D.Elected
30.-- Why did Bob weep?
-- He couldn't bear＿＿＿like that before the whole class.
A. making fun of B.being made fun of
C.to be laughed at D.being made fun
31.The students expected there＿＿more reviewing classes before the
final exams.
A.is B.to be C.being D.have been
32.I don't mind＿＿＿by bus, but I hate＿＿in queues.
A.traveling；stand B.to travel；to stand
C.traveling；to stand D.traveling；to standing
33.We are looking forward to＿＿＿the film＿＿＿＿at the Grand Cinema.
A.seeing；to show B.see; shown C.seeing；shown D.see；to show
34.At the shopping-centre,he didn't know what＿＿and ＿＿with an empty
bag.
A.to buy；leave B.to be bought；left
C.to buy；left D.was to buy；leave
35.The policeman put down the phone, ＿＿＿with a smile on his face.
A.satisfied B.satisfying C.to be satisfied D.having satisfied
36. ＿＿＿, your composition is full of mistakes.
A.Writing carelessly B.Written carelessly
C.Having written carelessly D.Being written carelessly
37.She made a candle＿＿＿us light.
A.give B.gave C.to give D.given
38.-- What do you suppose made her worried?
-- ＿＿＿a gold ring.
A.Lose B.Lost C.Losing D.Because of losing
39.I know it's not important, but I can't help ＿＿about it.
A.to think B.and think C.thinking D.being thought
40. ＿＿several times, the young scientist still kept on making his experiments.
A.Having been failed B.Having failed
C.Though failed D.Because of failure
41. ＿＿＿all over the hill and around the lake are wild flowers of different kinds.
A.To grow B.Growing C.Grown D.Grow
42.--Who are you going to have＿＿this letter for you?
-- My secretary.
A.type B.typed C.been typed D.been typing
43.The food＿＿＿at the moment is for the dinner party.
A.cooked B.to be cooked C.is being cooked D.being cooked
44.A kind old gentleman offered＿＿＿my bags to the taxi stand.
A.his help carried B.carrying
C.me to carry D.to help me to carry
45.You can hardly imagine the difficulty the woman had＿＿＿her childrn.
A.brought up B.to bring up C.bringing up D.to have brought up
46.He was＿＿＿today, but was asked to stay for＿＿＿week.
A.to have returned；another B.returning；one more
C.returned；another D.to return；other
47.-- Where should I send my form?
-- The Personnel office is the place＿＿＿.
A.for sending it B.to send it to C.to send D.to send it
48.I could feel the wind＿＿on my face from an open window.
A.to blow B.blowing C.to be blowing D.blown
49.-- Lucy, why didn't you come last Sunday?
-- I＿＿＿, but my father was in hospital.
A.would B.had C.was going to D.did
50.--What terrible weather! I simply can't get the car＿＿＿.
-- Why not try＿＿＿＿the engine with some hot water?
A.starting；filling B.start；filling
C.started ；to fill D.to start；fill
51. Lots of rescue workers were working around the clock, ＿＿＿＿supplies to Yushu, Qinghai Province after the earthquake.
A. sending B. to send C. having sent D. to have sent
52.In April, thousands of holidaymakers remained ＿＿＿＿ abroad due to the volcanic ash cloud.
A. sticking B. stuck C. to be stuck D. to have stuck
53. Lucy has a great sense of humor and always keeps her colleagues ＿＿＿＿ with
her stories.
A. amused B. amusing C. to amuse D. to be amused
54. ＿＿＿＿the city center, we saw a stone statue of about 10 meters in height.
A. Approaching B. Approached C. To approach D. To be approached
55. This is the only way we can imagine ＿＿＿＿ the overuse of water in students' bathrooms.
A. reducing B. to reduce C. reduced D. reduce
56. He had a wonderful childhood, _____with his mother to all corners of the world
A. travel B. to travel C. traveled D. traveling
57.Listen! Do you hear someone ＿＿＿＿ for help?
A. calling B. call C. to call D. called
58. Dina, ＿＿＿＿ for months to find a job as a waitress, finally took a position at a local advertising agency.
A. struggling B. struggled C. having struggled D. to struggle
59.So far nobody has claimed the money ＿＿＿＿ in the library.
A. discovered B. to be discovered
C. discovering D. having discovered
60. The lady walked around the shops, _______ an eye out for bargains.
A keep B kept C keeping D to keep
61.There were many talented actors out there just waiting ______.
A to discover B to be discovered C discovered D being discovered
62.I have a lot of readings _____ before the end of this term.
A. completing B. to complete C. completed D. being completed
63. It rained heavily in the south _______ serious flooding in several provinces.
A. caused B. having caused C. causing D. to cause
64. A great number of students _______ said they were forced to practise the piano.
A. to question B. to be questioned C. questioned D. questioning
65. The lawyer listened with full attention _______ to miss any point A not trying B trying not C to try not D not to try
66.Mrs.White showed her students some old maps ______ from the library.
A. to borrow B. to be borrowed C. borrowed D. borrowing
67. With Father’s Day around the corner ,I have taken some money out of the bank ______ presents for my dad.
A. buy B. to buy C. buying D. to have bought
68.The retired man donated most of his savings to the school damaged by the earthquake in Kyushu ,________the students to return to their classrooms.
A. enabling B. having enabled C. to enable D. to have enabled
69. _____ from the top of the tower, the south foot of the mountain is a sea of trees .
A. Seen B. Seeing C. Having seen D. To see
70. His first book _______ next month is based on a true story.
A. published B. to be published C. to publish D. being published
71.Though ________to see us, the professor gave us a warm welcome.
A. surprising B. as surprised C. surprised D being surprised
72.______red, the building stands out among the rest and looks very attractive.
A. Painted B. To paint C. Painting D. Having painted
73. After she completes the project, she’ll have nothing________
A. to worry about B. to worry C. to be worried D. worried
74.We were astonished _______ the temple still in its original condition.
A.finding B.to find C.find D.to be found
75.Alexander tried to get his work _______in the medical circles.
A. to recognize B. recognizing C. recognize D. recognized
76. _______ at my classmates' faces, I read the same excitement in their eyes.
A. Looking B. Look C. To look D. Looked
77. I'm calling to inquire about the position ______ in yesterday's China Daily.
A. advertised B. to be advertised C. advertising D. having advertised
78.The news shocked the public, _______to great concern about students’ safety at school.
A. having led B. led C. leading D. to lead
79. Many buildings in the city need repairing, but the one ______first is the library.
A. repaired B. being repaired C. repairing D. to be repaired
80.The traffic rule says young children under the age of four and ____ less than 40 pounds must be in a child safety seat.
A. being weighed B. to weigh C. weighed D. weighing
答案与解析：
1.D 。本题考查独立主格结构, 因为前后主语不一致, 所以前面分词的逻辑主语不可以省略。It being Sunday 相当于As it is Sunday。
2.B 。独立主格结构在句中作伴随状语, teeth 与set 两个词之间含有逻辑上的被动关系, 所以用过去分词；look 这一动作是eyes 所发出, 所以用looking 。
3.A 。独立主格结构在句中作状语, 因为things 与consider 之间含有被动关系, 所以用过去分词。
4.B 。分词短语作状语, 因为ask 与句子的主语（she ）之间有被动关系, 所以用过去分词。
5.C 。本题考查" （only ）＋不定式" 与"-ing 形式" 作结果状语的区别。"only ＋不定式" 表示该结果在主语的预料之外；接"-ing" 形式表示由主句所产生的逻辑上的结果。
6.B 。本题考查不定式作目的状语, 本题极易误选A 。其实 enjoy的宾语为fishing or watching TV。
7.B 。因finish 这一动作发生在I had a drink and went out之前, 所以必须用现在分词的完成式。
8.D 。介词＋关系代词＋不定式的结构可以在句中用作定语，其作用相当于一个定语从句。
9.B 。本题考查非谓语动词作定语。不定式作定语时, 表示将来的动作；现在分词作定语, 表示主动、进行；过去分词作定语, 表示被动、完成。因为dates 是被标在gold coin 上, 所以用过去分词表示被动。
10.A 。不定式作目的状语。
11.C 。分词在句中作主语补足语。因sweat 这一动作是he 所发出, 所以为主动。
12.C 。Peter 为逻辑主语，与sailing 构成复合结构，作imagine 的宾语。
13.A 。can't help but为固定短语, but后面接不带to 的不定式；Such being the case为独立主格结构，the case为逻辑主语。
14.B 。
15.B 。lock 与其逻辑主语应含有动宾关系, 即 "被锁在书房里" 。
16.C 。单词psychology 被列在 "P"之下, 有被动关系。
17.C 。but 表示 "除了", 为介词, 当其前面有动词do 的各种形式时,but 后接不带to 的不定式。18.A 。当stop 后面接不定式时, 表示" 停下来去做某事" ；如果接-ing 形式, 则表示" 停止正在做的事" 。
19.D 。expect 后面接不定式。由题意可知,doctor 与call 之间是被动关系。
20.B 。现在分词在句中表示状态。
21.B 。with 复合结构在句中作状语, 表示原因, 意为" 由于儿子很是令人失望。"
22.B 。本题为强调句型，被强调的部分是句子的主语，所以采用-ing 形式。
23.D 。be lost in是固定短语，意为" 陷入„„之中" 。变为分词短语作状语时，仍用过去分词lost 。
24.C 。appreciate 后直接接-ing 形式作宾语。
25.A 。本题考查forbid 的用法。当forbid 用作被动形式时, 构成be forbidden to do结构。
26.B 。
27.C 。由题意" 暴露在阳光下太久, 会伤害人的皮肤" 可知应采用-ing 形式的被动式作主语。
28.B 。start 后可以接-ing 形式或to do, 但如果start 后面的动词表示心理活动的词时, 必须用不定式。
29.A 。回答why 引导的问句，一般用不定式；回答what 问句，一般用-ing 形式。
30.B 。bear 意为" 容忍", 后面接-ing 形式；make fun of 与其逻辑主语有被动关系, 所以用being done 形式。
31.B 。expected there to be的形式相当于expected there would be...。
32.C 。mind 意为" 介意", 后面接-ing 形式； hate后可以接-ing 形式或to do两种形式。
33.C 。look forward to（to 为介词）后面接-ing 形式；film 与show 之间含有被动关系, 所以用过去分词作定语。
34.C 。" 特殊疑问词＋不定式" 结构在句中作宾语；left 与didn't know并列。
35.A 。be satisfied with"对„„满意", 即satisfy 与with 紧紧相连时, 必须用其过去分词。
36.B 。write 所表示的动作与其逻辑主语有被动关系。Being written为现在分词进行时的被动, 表示该动作正在进行, 与题意不符, 所以选B 。
37.C 。不定式作目的状语, 意为" 她制了一些蜡烛用来照明" 。
38.C 。参见注29。
39.C 。can't help表示" 忍不住" 后面接-ing 形式；表示" 不能帮助" 时, 后面接不定式。
40.B 。fail 这一动作发生在主句谓语动词之前, 所以用现在分词的完成时, 并且为主动概念。
41.B 。all over the hill and around the lake为地点状语提前。wild flowers是长在" 山上及湖的周围" 的。
42.A 。who 为have 的宾语。
43.D 。根据句子意思可知该动作正在进行, 所以用being done形式。
44.D 。本题考查offer 与help 的用法, 即offer to do sth.与help sb.(to) do sth。
45.C 。本题考查have difficulty(in) doing sth.这一结构。本句中 the woman had为定语从句, 修饰difficulty 。
46.A 。be to＋have done结构, 表示本应该做某事, 但事实上却没有做。
47.B 。本题考查不定式作定语的用法。根据send 的用法，send sth.to some place，故选择答案B 。
48.B 。blow 这一动作是wind 发出的, 所以为主动, 因此选择blowing 。
49.C 。该题考查了动词不定式的省略现象。由题意可知是表示过去的一种打算或计划，在"was going to" 后省略了前面的内容或动作，故应选C 。
50.A 。get the car starting意为" 使汽车发动起来" ；try doing 意为" 试着做某事" 。
51．答案 A. 解析 表示伴随。从 ―were working‖可以判断是进行时态 排除C 。
52答案 B 考点 remain后接动词的用法 解析 remain是高考的重点词汇。当它做系动词时 后面接过去分词作表语。
53．答案 A. 解析 keep+sb. /sth. +done,根据句意 sb.与它后面的动词成被动关系 故选A.
54．答案 A. 解析 考察现在分词作状语 表示正在进行或主动的动作。此时分词的逻辑主语就是主句的主语 因此要注意人称、时态和语态的一致性。
55．答案 B . 解析 此处应该用不定式the way to do sth表示做„„的途径、方式。the only way to do„„,we can imagine 做定语 前面省略了that.
56．答案 D. 解析 主语 he 与动词travel 之间存在主动关系 故用traveling 作原因状语。
57．答案 A. 解析 该空在句中为非谓语动词作宾补 根据 someone与call 的主动关系排除D 项。Hear 后接不定式作宾补时应省略to 由此排除C 项。由Listen 可判断此处表示正在求救 故 选A 项。
58．答案 C 考点 考查非谓语动词。 解析 该空 分词短语作时间状语 其逻辑主语Dina 与struggle 为主动关系 故排除B 项。由剧中的finally 可知非谓语动词表示的动作发生在句中谓语took
a position之前 故用现在分词的完成主动式。
59．答案 A . 解析 该空在句中作后置定语修饰the money 根据the money与discover 的被动关系 排除C 、D 两项。B 项表示的是“将要被发现”的意思 根据句意“到目前为止还没有人来认领在图书馆被发现的钱”可判断选A 项。
60．答案 C. 解析 句子主语lady 和keep 之间是主动关系, 而且walk 和keep 同时发生。
61．答案 B. 解析 演员等待被发现, 用被动, 发现发生在等待之后, 所以用不定式.
62．答案 B. 解析 句意应为“这个学期结束前 我要做很多阅读练习。”由于时间状语before the end of this term表达未来的时间 所以空格处使用动词不定式表示将来 充当readings 的定
63．答案 C. 句意 南方下了大雨 在几个省区造成严重洪灾。 解析 空格后serious flooding是rained heavily的后果 而且句子主语it 和cause 之间存在主动关系 所以此处要用动词的ing 形式作结果状语
64．答案 C. 解析 question 与students 存在被动关系 question表示的动作也已完成 故用过去分 词。
65．答案 B考点 考查现在分词短语做伴随状语及动词不定式的否定式。 解析 句中listen 和try not to miss 为同时进行的动作 故用现在分词的一般式做伴随状语。又动词不定式的否定式要在其前加not. 故选B 。
66．答案 C 句意 怀特夫人像学生们展示了一些从图书馆借来的老地图。 解答 根据选项此题考察非谓语动词 题干中空格划在名词maps 后 空格后部分是对maps 解释说明 因此此题考察非谓语动词做定语。非谓语动词做状语 首先判断动词与所修饰名词的主动还是被动关系 borrow和maps 是被动关系 被动关系时非谓语动词形式有三种 to be done, being done, done to be done表示动作将要发生 being done表示动作正在发生 done表示用作已经完成 根据句意borrow 的动作已经完成 因此选择C 。
67答案 B 句意 父亲节将要到来 为了给爸爸买礼物我已经从银行取了一些钱。 解答 根据选项此题考察非谓语动词。题干中空格划在名词后 但是空格后的部分不是 对bank 解释说明 而是说明取钱的目的 因此此题中非谓语动词做目的状语 非谓语动 词中不定式做状语用来表示目的 因此选择B 。
68．选A. enabling 表示他在捐献后的结果
69 A.【解析】此处是非谓语动词做状语 逻辑主语是句子的主语 非谓 语动词与逻辑主语是被动关系 且其动作在谓语动词动作之前已经完成 用过去分词 选A 。
70．B. 【解析】此处是非谓语动词做后置定语 由时间状语next month可 知所填非谓语动词表示将
来的动作 用动词不定式 其逻辑主语是所修饰的名词book, 不定式与逻辑主语是被动关系 故用不定式的被动式 选B 。
71．【答案】C 【解析】省略结构和非谓语动词考查。补完整为 Though he was surprised 主语一致 省略主语和系动词。
72．答案 A。考点 非谓语动词 解析 过去分词作状语 主语 ―the building‖是动作 ―paint‖的作用对象
73．答案 A 考点 不定式作后置定语 解析 动词 “worry”与被修饰的名词 “nothing” 形成动宾关系 由于 “worry” 是 不及物动词 后面须加上加上介词 “about”。
74．答案 B 句意 我们吃惊地发现那座庙仍然还是原来的状况。 解析 考查非谓语动词。be astonished 后应该跟动词不定式做状语。
75．答案 D 句意 亚历山大试图让他的工作在医学圈内得到认可。解析 考查非谓语动词用法。宾语work 和recognize 之间存在被动关系 所以用过去分词 作宾语补足语。
76．答案 A 解析 look与句子主语I 为主动关系 因此用looking.
77．答案 A. 句意 我打电话来咨询下昨天中国日报上刊登职位的信息。 解析 the position肯定是被advertise 此处的分词可以理解为一个定语从句which was advertised
78答案C 考点 考查非谓语动词。 解析 句意为 这个消息使公众震惊 也引起了人们对学生在校安全的关注。The news 和lead 之间是主谓关系 并作shocked 的伴随状语 所以用leading 。 79答案D. 解析 the one 指代前面提到的buildings 与repair 是动宾关系 由前半句房屋需要修缮可 知修缮这个动作发生在need 之后 所以用to be repaired.
80．答案 D. 解析 根据句子结构 主语 the traffic rule 谓语动词 says 宾语从句 young children under the age of four and ____ less than 40 pounds must be in a child safety seat。宾语从句中 的主干 为 young children must be in a child safety seat。under the age of four and ____ less than 40 pounds用于修饰宾语从句主语children 。动词weigh 与名词children 是主动关 系 所以选择weighing 。句意 交通法则规定四岁以下并且体重不超过四十磅的婴儿必 须坐在婴儿安全座上。