现在完成时态
1. 用法：①过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果：强调结果
例：Yesterday I finished my homework, that’s to say, I homework now.
②过去已经开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态：强调继续
例：I here since 1990.
2. 现在完成时的构成 have/has+过去分词(done)
3. 现在完成时的四个基本句型
肯定句 He the work.
一般疑问句 Has he finished the work?
否定句 He
两回答 Yes ,he has. No, he hasn’t.
特殊疑问句 What has he done?
4.在下列情形下用现在完成时
1 九词语
①already 已经 肯定句中或句尾
例: I have found my pen. = I have found my pen .
②yet已经 否定句和疑问句句尾 例：I have not finished the work yet. Have you bought a computer ③ever曾经 句中 例：Have you ever seen pandas?
④never从不 句中 例：I have never been to Beijing.
⑤just刚刚 句中 例：I have just done my work.
⑥before以前 句尾 例：I have never been there before.
⑦so far到目前为止 例：So far he has learnt 200 words.
⑧how long多久 例：How long have you lived here?
⑨how many times多少次 例：How many times has he been to Beijing? 2 两词组
例：He Beijing (去了北京) 例：He Beijing. (去过北京)
3两结构 4 如果句子里面没有时间状语，汉语意思能够加“已经”，往往用现在完成时态。 例：Have you lost your library book? 你已经弄丢了从图书馆借的那本书吗？ 5 现在完成时态还常常用于下列句型
在过去的几年，他们已经种了很多树。
这是我曾经读过的最好的一本书。
这是我第一次玩电脑游戏。
5. 在现在完成时中，一次性动词不能和一段时间状语连用
例：He has bought the book for 3 years.（错）
因buy这个一次性动词不能和一段时间for 3 years连用, 改正的办法有五种：
① He has bought the book.. (去掉一段时间for 3 years)
② He bought the book 3 years ago (改为一般过去时，使句子的意思不变) ③ It’s 3 years since he bought the book.
= 3 years has passed since he bought the book.
（改为固定句型 It is ---since---）
④ He has not bought the book for 3 years. （改为否定句）
⑤ He has had the book for 3 years. （用延续性动词have代替buy）
6. 还有其他一次性动词也是这种情况，可参照前面的五种办法改正，前四种改法都一样，第五种改法各不相同，举例如下：
①come/arrive/get to/reach → be here
例：I （错） 改为：I ②leave/go →be away
例：He for 3 hours.（错） 改为：He for 3 hours. ③begin/start →be on
例：The film has begun for 3 minutes.（错）
改为：The film has been on for 3 minutes.
④open →be open / close → be closed
例：The shop 错)
改为：The shop for 3 years.
⑤die →be dead
例：His father 错)
改为：His father ⑥finish/end→ be over
例：He the work for 3 days.(错)
改为：The work for 3 days
⑦join
例：I the army for 3 years.（错）
改为：I for 3 years.
或I for 3 years.
⑧buy /catch → have
例：I （错）
改为：I the bike for 3 years.
例：He a cold for 3 days.（错）
改为：He ⑨borrow → keep
例：I the book for 3 years. （错）
改为：I 还有其它的归纳如下：
break → be broken get up → be up
marry → be married become → be lose → be lost
7. 延续性动词和终止性动词
①延续性动词：表示的动作是能延续的动作，这种动作可以延续下去或产生持久
的影响。如：learn work stand lie know walk keep have wait watch sing read sleep live ②终止性动词：也叫非延续性动词，瞬间动词，一次性动词。表示的动作不能延续，即动作发生后立即结束，产生某种结果。在有了某种结果后，动作就不能再继续下去。如：leave start set out arrive reach get to begin stop shut turn off marry put put on get up wake fall join meet receive finish end complete become come go die open close break give jump buy borrow
8.终止性动词不能和一段时间状语连用。
He has died for three days. （错，终止性动词die不能和一段时间for three days连用）
1. 过去将来时：表示对于过去某一时间而言将要发生的动作或存在的状态，常
用于宾语从句
例：John said that he would come the next day if he was free. （构成：would+ 动词原形）
John said that he （构成：was/were going to+ 动词原形）
2. 过去完成时：由 had+ 过去分词 构成。用法有二：
①过去某一时刻或某一动作之前就已经发生的动作或存在的状态：即过去的过去
例：When we got to the station, the train 当我到车站的时候，火车已经离开了。
By the end of last week, he 到上个星期尾为止，他已经学了1000个单词。
②过去某时间开始，一直延续到过去另一时间为止的动作或状态
例：He said that he a few friends since he came to China.
他说自从他来中国，他已经交了几个朋友。
用所给动词的适当形式填空
1.Thanks a lot. It’s sunny again. It _______________(rain) for a long time.
2. _____________Mr. Li _______________(live) here since 8 years old?
3. Since Mr. Li came here, he _______________(teach) in this school.
4. It’s the third time that I _______________(see) him this month.
5. Is your mother at home? ------No, she _______________(go) to work.
6. Her mother _______________(become)a doctor in 1970.
She _______________(work) in the hospital since 26 years old.
7. He ___________(teach) English here since we __________(see) him 5 years ago.
8. How many times _______________you _______________(be) to Beijing? ------Only once. I _______________(go) there two years ago.
9. I’ve lost my cat. _______________you ever _______________(see) it anywhere?
10. My parents are not at home. They _______________(leave) for Shanghai.
11. Wait here, please. The train _______________(not arrive) yet.
12. Where is my dictionary? ------Li Ping _______________(take) it away.
13. I _______________(lose) my pen, and I _______________(look)for it now.
14. I _______________(not see) such a strange thing before.
15. He joined the Party in 1990. He ___________(be) a party member for 10 years.
16. How long ______________Uncle Wang ______________(work) in this factory?
------Since 1995.
17. So far the children _______________(learn) 1,000 English words.
18. _________you _______________(mend) your bike?
------Yes. I mended it a moment ago.
19. I’ll tell him the news that our class _______________(win) already.
20. She _______________(stay) here for over 5 years.
21. The box is empty. Who _______________(eat) all the cakes?
22. He has found his bike .When _______________he _______________(find) it?
23. Her sister _______________ (go) to Shanghai.
She _______________ (leave) this morning.
24. My friend Wang Hai often _______________ (swim) in the river.
25. The teacher _______________ (reach) Beijing two days ago.
每处划线中有错误，在题后改正 4. Jim isn’t here. He has 8. Have you finished the work yet? ------Y9. Jim’s brothers .
按要求句型转换 否定句：______________________
一般疑问句：__________________
两回答：______________________
特殊疑问句：__________________
现在完成时态
1. 用法：①过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果：强调结果
例：Yesterday I finished my homework, that’s to say, I homework now.
②过去已经开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态：强调继续
例：I here since 1990.
2. 现在完成时的构成 have/has+过去分词(done)
3. 现在完成时的四个基本句型
肯定句 He the work.
一般疑问句 Has he finished the work?
否定句 He
两回答 Yes ,he has. No, he hasn’t.
特殊疑问句 What has he done?
4.在下列情形下用现在完成时
1 九词语
①already 已经 肯定句中或句尾
例: I have found my pen. = I have found my pen .
②yet已经 否定句和疑问句句尾 例：I have not finished the work yet. Have you bought a computer ③ever曾经 句中 例：Have you ever seen pandas?
④never从不 句中 例：I have never been to Beijing.
⑤just刚刚 句中 例：I have just done my work.
⑥before以前 句尾 例：I have never been there before.
⑦so far到目前为止 例：So far he has learnt 200 words.
⑧how long多久 例：How long have you lived here?
⑨how many times多少次 例：How many times has he been to Beijing? 2 两词组
例：He Beijing (去了北京) 例：He Beijing. (去过北京)
3两结构 4 如果句子里面没有时间状语，汉语意思能够加“已经”，往往用现在完成时态。 例：Have you lost your library book? 你已经弄丢了从图书馆借的那本书吗？ 5 现在完成时态还常常用于下列句型
在过去的几年，他们已经种了很多树。
这是我曾经读过的最好的一本书。
这是我第一次玩电脑游戏。
5. 在现在完成时中，一次性动词不能和一段时间状语连用
例：He has bought the book for 3 years.（错）
因buy这个一次性动词不能和一段时间for 3 years连用, 改正的办法有五种：
① He has bought the book.. (去掉一段时间for 3 years)
② He bought the book 3 years ago (改为一般过去时，使句子的意思不变) ③ It’s 3 years since he bought the book.
= 3 years has passed since he bought the book.
（改为固定句型 It is ---since---）
④ He has not bought the book for 3 years. （改为否定句）
⑤ He has had the book for 3 years. （用延续性动词have代替buy）
6. 还有其他一次性动词也是这种情况，可参照前面的五种办法改正，前四种改法都一样，第五种改法各不相同，举例如下：
①come/arrive/get to/reach → be here
例：I （错） 改为：I ②leave/go →be away
例：He for 3 hours.（错） 改为：He for 3 hours. ③begin/start →be on
例：The film has begun for 3 minutes.（错）
改为：The film has been on for 3 minutes.
④open →be open / close → be closed
例：The shop 错)
改为：The shop for 3 years.
⑤die →be dead
例：His father 错)
改为：His father ⑥finish/end→ be over
例：He the work for 3 days.(错)
改为：The work for 3 days
⑦join
例：I the army for 3 years.（错）
改为：I for 3 years.
或I for 3 years.
⑧buy /catch → have
例：I （错）
改为：I the bike for 3 years.
例：He a cold for 3 days.（错）
改为：He ⑨borrow → keep
例：I the book for 3 years. （错）
改为：I 还有其它的归纳如下：
break → be broken get up → be up
marry → be married become → be lose → be lost
7. 延续性动词和终止性动词
①延续性动词：表示的动作是能延续的动作，这种动作可以延续下去或产生持久
的影响。如：learn work stand lie know walk keep have wait watch sing read sleep live ②终止性动词：也叫非延续性动词，瞬间动词，一次性动词。表示的动作不能延续，即动作发生后立即结束，产生某种结果。在有了某种结果后，动作就不能再继续下去。如：leave start set out arrive reach get to begin stop shut turn off marry put put on get up wake fall join meet receive finish end complete become come go die open close break give jump buy borrow
8.终止性动词不能和一段时间状语连用。
He has died for three days. （错，终止性动词die不能和一段时间for three days连用）
1. 过去将来时：表示对于过去某一时间而言将要发生的动作或存在的状态，常
用于宾语从句
例：John said that he would come the next day if he was free. （构成：would+ 动词原形）
John said that he （构成：was/were going to+ 动词原形）
2. 过去完成时：由 had+ 过去分词 构成。用法有二：
①过去某一时刻或某一动作之前就已经发生的动作或存在的状态：即过去的过去
例：When we got to the station, the train 当我到车站的时候，火车已经离开了。
By the end of last week, he 到上个星期尾为止，他已经学了1000个单词。
②过去某时间开始，一直延续到过去另一时间为止的动作或状态
例：He said that he a few friends since he came to China.
他说自从他来中国，他已经交了几个朋友。
用所给动词的适当形式填空
1.Thanks a lot. It’s sunny again. It _______________(rain) for a long time.
2. _____________Mr. Li _______________(live) here since 8 years old?
3. Since Mr. Li came here, he _______________(teach) in this school.
4. It’s the third time that I _______________(see) him this month.
5. Is your mother at home? ------No, she _______________(go) to work.
6. Her mother _______________(become)a doctor in 1970.
She _______________(work) in the hospital since 26 years old.
7. He ___________(teach) English here since we __________(see) him 5 years ago.
8. How many times _______________you _______________(be) to Beijing? ------Only once. I _______________(go) there two years ago.
9. I’ve lost my cat. _______________you ever _______________(see) it anywhere?
10. My parents are not at home. They _______________(leave) for Shanghai.
11. Wait here, please. The train _______________(not arrive) yet.
12. Where is my dictionary? ------Li Ping _______________(take) it away.
13. I _______________(lose) my pen, and I _______________(look)for it now.
14. I _______________(not see) such a strange thing before.
15. He joined the Party in 1990. He ___________(be) a party member for 10 years.
16. How long ______________Uncle Wang ______________(work) in this factory?
------Since 1995.
17. So far the children _______________(learn) 1,000 English words.
18. _________you _______________(mend) your bike?
------Yes. I mended it a moment ago.
19. I’ll tell him the news that our class _______________(win) already.
20. She _______________(stay) here for over 5 years.
21. The box is empty. Who _______________(eat) all the cakes?
22. He has found his bike .When _______________he _______________(find) it?
23. Her sister _______________ (go) to Shanghai.
She _______________ (leave) this morning.
24. My friend Wang Hai often _______________ (swim) in the river.
25. The teacher _______________ (reach) Beijing two days ago.
每处划线中有错误，在题后改正 4. Jim isn’t here. He has 8. Have you finished the work yet? ------Y9. Jim’s brothers .
按要求句型转换 否定句：______________________
一般疑问句：__________________
两回答：______________________
特殊疑问句：__________________