I. Definition
议论文经典句型 X is... / X means... / X refers to... / X can be defined as... / By definition, X is (means/refer to)... II. Beginning When it comes to the issue of (Faced/Confronted with the question of) some people claim/argue/advocate that but/while/whereas others... There is much discussion/debate (public controversy) nowadays over/on/about the issue of... In recent years/In the past few years there has been widespread/nationwide concern over sth. A(n) growing/increasing number of people (People in ever-increasing numbers) are beginning to realize that... According to a(n) recent/official survey/investigation/study,... A visitor to...(Anyone who has read...) will inevitably be impressed/struck by ... III. Exemplification To illustrate this point, I would like to cite/quote an example. This is/represents a good/typical/concrete example of... This is a case in point.
The case/instance/example is not/is far from unique/rare. It is just one of many examples. IV. Classification There are three kinds of secondary schools. Secondary schools consist of (comprise; are made up of; are composed of) three types. Schools may be classified (divided; put) into two types (categories). can fall into two types. State schools may be categorized (classified; grouped) according to (on the basis of) the age range. Primary schools may be further divided (further classified; sub-divided) into... V. Comparison and contrast (I) Similarity Like Norway, Sweden has a small agricultural area.
Sweden is the about same as (is similar to) Norway in that it has a small agricultural area. Sweden is similar to Norway in the agricultural area. Sweden and Norway are similar (alike) in that they both have a small...
. (II) Difference Norway has a small population, but (while; whereas) Sweden has a much larger population. N is (very) different from S in that N has a much smaller population. N differs (greatly; largely; significantly; considerably) from S in that N has... N and S are different (dissimilar) in that ... On the one hand, D has the smallest land area; on the other, it has the largest percentage of agricultural area. X is much (far; considerably) greater (smaller; cheaper) than Y. somewhat a little (slightly) scarcely (hardly) X is just (exactly; precisely) the same as Y. almost (practically; virtually; literally) about (more or less; approximately; roughly) X is quite (totally; completely; entirely) different from Y. X differs greatly (considerably; slightly) from Y. X and Y are different (dissimilar) in many ways (respects). The advantages of A outweighs the advantages of B. Although A enjoys enormous/considerable advantages in..., it cannot compete with (it does not bear comparison, with) B A's advantage looks insignificant in comparison with B's (when B's advantages are taken into consideration/account. As opposed to/Contrary to popular belief/wide-held assumption that..., ...
VI. Cause and effect The (primary/leading/underlying/deep-seated) cause of (reason for) higher prices was an increase in demand. The effect (result; consequence) of an increase in demand is higher prices. The demand has increased. So (Therefore; Thus; Hence; Because of this; As a result; As a consequence; Consequently; Accordingly), the prices are higher. An increase in demand often causes (results in; leads to; give rise to contribute to/brings about) higher prices.
Higher prices are often caused by/due to/owing to/because of (can be attributed/ascribed to) (may stem from/arise from/result from) an increase in demand/a large number of factors/a multitude of factors. A has exerted/exercised a negative/positive/far-reaching influence/impact on... VII. Coherence First; Firstly; First of all (X At First) / To start/begin with
Second; Moreover; Furthermore; Besides, In addition; What's more...; More importantly,... To conclude/sum up/summarize,...//In short/In brief/In a word VIII. Analysis and Argument be for (against) sth. (sb.)//be in favor of(be opposed to) I beg to differ/disagree.//Let's agree to disagree. The advantages outweigh (are greater than) the disadvantages. the pros and cons (? the pluses and minuses)
让步: Some people may think (believe; Claim; be of the opinion that)...
It is true that.../Indeed It is sometimes believed that...
转回主题: However (Nevertheless; On the other hand), most (many) people...
On the whole, the advantages seem to outweigh the disadvantages. If we weigh the advantages and disadvantages (pros and cons), we may find that the former play a more important role than the latter. Nice-sounding/Good as B is, it has its own disadvantages/problems. It is true that but... It is one thing (to say...), but it is quite another (to do...) It is foolish/absurd to claim that... A close/closer examination/inspection of these arguments shows/reveals that... In the discussion of we should not fail to notice (should not overlook/neglect) the fact that... They simply cannot prove the validity of their argument. The (vast) majority of people (An overwhelming majority of people) are of the opinion that... This view is shared by most people. A recent study/survey/investigation (conducted/carried out by sb.) shows/indicates /reveals/demonstrates that ... There is sufficient/adequate/considerable/little evidence to show that... The indisputable/undeniable/self-evident fact is ... There is no doubt (There is no denying the fact that/It goes without saying that)... IX. Ending From what has been discussed above/Judging from the above analysis/In view of (In the light of)
the above-mentioned evidence, one/we may safely arrive at/come to/draw/reach the conclusion that... Many solutions/suggestions/explanations/remedies have been offered. No easy solution/quick remedy has been found yet. There is no doubt that/There is no denying the fact that adequate attention must be paid to (great importance should be attached to) sth. Obviously/Clearly/Apparently/Evidently, it is necessary/essential/imperative that proper/immediate measures/action should be taken (to...)
It is suggested/proposed/recommended that ... The issue demands/requires/deserves/merits immediate attention. It remains unknown whether... / Its long-term effects remain unknown. The prospects (outlook) seem(s) quite promising (bright/rosy/encouraging/dark/bleak). The grave/serious consequences should not be overlooked. This stands for/represents a major break with (a radical/drastic departure from) the traditional/conventional pattern/notion/concept/attitude. X. Interpretation of data graph; pie diagram; bar chart; table//figure; Figure 1 The graph shows (indicates) that... As can be seen from (in) the diagram (graph; chart; table; Figure 2) As (is) shown (indicated) in Table 1 There was a small (slow; slight) increase (rise; upturn; upswing) in the output. gradual (steady) There was a rapid (sudden; sharp; steep) decrease (decline; reduction; fall; drop; plunge; slump) in the stock index. The price has soared (skyrocketed; spiraled upwards; showed an upward tendency/a downward trend; slumped) After the recent increases; the index is beginning to level off. X accounts for (makes up; constitutes; assumes) 15 percent of the total. The year 1996 witnessed/saw a fast growth in the foreign trade volume (the death of sb./the outbreak of the war).
Aspects:
who; what; where; how; why/past; present; future / individual, family, society (government) / local; China; world / science and technology; education; economy (finance; trade) / transportation / material; spiritual; moral / physical; intellectual 打开思路
I. Definition
议论文经典句型 X is... / X means... / X refers to... / X can be defined as... / By definition, X is (means/refer to)... II. Beginning When it comes to the issue of (Faced/Confronted with the question of) some people claim/argue/advocate that but/while/whereas others... There is much discussion/debate (public controversy) nowadays over/on/about the issue of... In recent years/In the past few years there has been widespread/nationwide concern over sth. A(n) growing/increasing number of people (People in ever-increasing numbers) are beginning to realize that... According to a(n) recent/official survey/investigation/study,... A visitor to...(Anyone who has read...) will inevitably be impressed/struck by ... III. Exemplification To illustrate this point, I would like to cite/quote an example. This is/represents a good/typical/concrete example of... This is a case in point.
The case/instance/example is not/is far from unique/rare. It is just one of many examples. IV. Classification There are three kinds of secondary schools. Secondary schools consist of (comprise; are made up of; are composed of) three types. Schools may be classified (divided; put) into two types (categories). can fall into two types. State schools may be categorized (classified; grouped) according to (on the basis of) the age range. Primary schools may be further divided (further classified; sub-divided) into... V. Comparison and contrast (I) Similarity Like Norway, Sweden has a small agricultural area.
Sweden is the about same as (is similar to) Norway in that it has a small agricultural area. Sweden is similar to Norway in the agricultural area. Sweden and Norway are similar (alike) in that they both have a small...
. (II) Difference Norway has a small population, but (while; whereas) Sweden has a much larger population. N is (very) different from S in that N has a much smaller population. N differs (greatly; largely; significantly; considerably) from S in that N has... N and S are different (dissimilar) in that ... On the one hand, D has the smallest land area; on the other, it has the largest percentage of agricultural area. X is much (far; considerably) greater (smaller; cheaper) than Y. somewhat a little (slightly) scarcely (hardly) X is just (exactly; precisely) the same as Y. almost (practically; virtually; literally) about (more or less; approximately; roughly) X is quite (totally; completely; entirely) different from Y. X differs greatly (considerably; slightly) from Y. X and Y are different (dissimilar) in many ways (respects). The advantages of A outweighs the advantages of B. Although A enjoys enormous/considerable advantages in..., it cannot compete with (it does not bear comparison, with) B A's advantage looks insignificant in comparison with B's (when B's advantages are taken into consideration/account. As opposed to/Contrary to popular belief/wide-held assumption that..., ...
VI. Cause and effect The (primary/leading/underlying/deep-seated) cause of (reason for) higher prices was an increase in demand. The effect (result; consequence) of an increase in demand is higher prices. The demand has increased. So (Therefore; Thus; Hence; Because of this; As a result; As a consequence; Consequently; Accordingly), the prices are higher. An increase in demand often causes (results in; leads to; give rise to contribute to/brings about) higher prices.
Higher prices are often caused by/due to/owing to/because of (can be attributed/ascribed to) (may stem from/arise from/result from) an increase in demand/a large number of factors/a multitude of factors. A has exerted/exercised a negative/positive/far-reaching influence/impact on... VII. Coherence First; Firstly; First of all (X At First) / To start/begin with
Second; Moreover; Furthermore; Besides, In addition; What's more...; More importantly,... To conclude/sum up/summarize,...//In short/In brief/In a word VIII. Analysis and Argument be for (against) sth. (sb.)//be in favor of(be opposed to) I beg to differ/disagree.//Let's agree to disagree. The advantages outweigh (are greater than) the disadvantages. the pros and cons (? the pluses and minuses)
让步: Some people may think (believe; Claim; be of the opinion that)...
It is true that.../Indeed It is sometimes believed that...
转回主题: However (Nevertheless; On the other hand), most (many) people...
On the whole, the advantages seem to outweigh the disadvantages. If we weigh the advantages and disadvantages (pros and cons), we may find that the former play a more important role than the latter. Nice-sounding/Good as B is, it has its own disadvantages/problems. It is true that but... It is one thing (to say...), but it is quite another (to do...) It is foolish/absurd to claim that... A close/closer examination/inspection of these arguments shows/reveals that... In the discussion of we should not fail to notice (should not overlook/neglect) the fact that... They simply cannot prove the validity of their argument. The (vast) majority of people (An overwhelming majority of people) are of the opinion that... This view is shared by most people. A recent study/survey/investigation (conducted/carried out by sb.) shows/indicates /reveals/demonstrates that ... There is sufficient/adequate/considerable/little evidence to show that... The indisputable/undeniable/self-evident fact is ... There is no doubt (There is no denying the fact that/It goes without saying that)... IX. Ending From what has been discussed above/Judging from the above analysis/In view of (In the light of)
the above-mentioned evidence, one/we may safely arrive at/come to/draw/reach the conclusion that... Many solutions/suggestions/explanations/remedies have been offered. No easy solution/quick remedy has been found yet. There is no doubt that/There is no denying the fact that adequate attention must be paid to (great importance should be attached to) sth. Obviously/Clearly/Apparently/Evidently, it is necessary/essential/imperative that proper/immediate measures/action should be taken (to...)
It is suggested/proposed/recommended that ... The issue demands/requires/deserves/merits immediate attention. It remains unknown whether... / Its long-term effects remain unknown. The prospects (outlook) seem(s) quite promising (bright/rosy/encouraging/dark/bleak). The grave/serious consequences should not be overlooked. This stands for/represents a major break with (a radical/drastic departure from) the traditional/conventional pattern/notion/concept/attitude. X. Interpretation of data graph; pie diagram; bar chart; table//figure; Figure 1 The graph shows (indicates) that... As can be seen from (in) the diagram (graph; chart; table; Figure 2) As (is) shown (indicated) in Table 1 There was a small (slow; slight) increase (rise; upturn; upswing) in the output. gradual (steady) There was a rapid (sudden; sharp; steep) decrease (decline; reduction; fall; drop; plunge; slump) in the stock index. The price has soared (skyrocketed; spiraled upwards; showed an upward tendency/a downward trend; slumped) After the recent increases; the index is beginning to level off. X accounts for (makes up; constitutes; assumes) 15 percent of the total. The year 1996 witnessed/saw a fast growth in the foreign trade volume (the death of sb./the outbreak of the war).
Aspects:
who; what; where; how; why/past; present; future / individual, family, society (government) / local; China; world / science and technology; education; economy (finance; trade) / transportation / material; spiritual; moral / physical; intellectual 打开思路