提纲式作文
1． 对立观点式
A ．有人认为X 是好事，赞成X ， 为什么？
B ． 有人认为X 是坏事， 反对X ，为什么？
C ．我的看法。
Some people are in favor of the idea of doing X. They point out the fact that 支持X 的第一个原因。They also argue that 支持X 的另一个原因。
However, other people stand on a different ground. They consider it harmful to do X. They firmly point out that 反对X 的第一个理由。 An example can give the details of this argument: 一个例子。
There is some truth in both arguments. But I think the advantages of X overweigh the disadvantages. In addition to the above-mentioned negative effects it might bring about, X also may X 的有一个坏处。
2． 批驳观点式
A ．一个错误观点。
B ． 我不同意。
Many people argue that 错误观点。By saying that, they mean 对这个观点的进一步解释。An example they have presented is that 一个例子。（According to a survey performed by X on a group of Y, almost 80% of them 赞成这个错误观点或者受到这个错误观点的影响）。
There might be some element of truth in these people’s belief. But if we consider it in depth, we will feel no reservation to conclude that 与错误观点相反的观点。There are a number of reasons behind my belief. (以下参照辩论文的议论文写法) 。
3． 社会问题（现象）式
A ．一个社会问题或者现象。
B ． 产生的原因
C ．对社会和我们生活的影响
D ． 如何杜绝。（如果是问题的话）
E ． 前景的预测。
Nowadays, there exists an increasingly serious social/economic/environmental
problem. (X has increasingly become a common concern of the public). According to a survey, 调查内容说明这种现象的情况。（或者是一个例子）。
There are a couple of reasons booming this problem/phenomenon. 下面参照辩论式议论文的写法。
X has caused substantial impact on the society and our daily life, which has been articulated （表达） in the following aspects. 参照辩论式议论文的写法。
A dozen of measures are supposed to take to prevent X from bringing us more harm. 参照辩论式议论文的写法。
Based on the above discussions, I can easily forecast that more and more people will ……..
图表式作文
Paragraph 1—分析图表：语言要准确，凝练。
Paragraph 2—发表观点，态度要明确；给出理由以支撑你的观点。
Paragraph 3—结论。重申你的观点。首尾呼应。
例1
As is shown by the figure in the table(graph/picture/pie/chart) , there has been a dramatic growth of the time students spent on computers. From the table, we can see that the number of the hours students spent on computers was 2 and 4 respectively in 1990 and 1995, while the figure reached 20 in 2000, ten times more than that in 1990. It is obvious in the table that the number of the time students spent on computers has undergone dramatic changes. It has gone up considerably in recent years. It was less than 2 hours in 1990, and at the point of 4 hours in 1990, while it reached its peak value of 20 hours in 2000.
There are at least two good reasons accounting for __. On the one hand, __. On the other hand, __ is due to the fact that __.In addition, __ is responsible for __.Maybe there are some other reasons to show __.But it is generally believed that the above mentioned reasons are commonly convincing.
As far as I am concerned, I hold the point of view that __. I am sure my opinion is both sound and well-grounded.
例2
It is obvious in the graph/table that the rate/number/amount of Y has undergone dramatic changes. It has gone up/grown/fallen/dropped considerably in recent years (as X varies). At the point of （接近）X1, Y reaches its peak value of …(多少). What is the reason for this change? Mainly there are … (多少) reasons behind the situation reflected in the graphic/table. First of all, …(第一个原因). More
importantly, …(第二个原因). Most important of all, …(第三个原因).
From the above discussions, we have enough reason to predict what will happen in the near future. The trend described in the graph/table will continue for quite a long time (if necessary measures are not taken括号里的使用于那些不太好的变化趋势).
辩论式议论文
一般是由四段构成;
第1段：Recently we’ve had a discussion about whether we should... （导入话题） Our opinions are divided on this topic.（观点有分歧）
正文：第2段：Most of the students are in favour of it.（正方观点）
Here are the reasons. First... Second... Finally...(列出2~3个赞成的理由)
第3段：However, the others are strongly against it. （反方观点）
Their reasons are as follows. In the first place... What’s more... In addition...( 2~3个反对的理由)
结论： Personally speaking, the advantages overweigh the disadvantages, for it will do us more harm than good, so I support it.（个人观点）
常考题型有两种：
1. 有一些人认为。。。 2. 另一些人认为。。。3. 我的看法。。。
The topic of ①-----------------(主题)is becoming more and more popular recently. There are two sides of opinions of it. Some people say A is heir favorite. They hold their view for the reason of ②-----------------(支持A 的理由一)What is more, ③-------------理由二). Moreover,④---------------(理由三).
While others think that B is a better choice in the following three reasons. Firstly,-----------------(支持B 的理由一). Secondly (besides),⑥------------------(理由
二). Thirdly (finally),⑦------------------(理由三).
From my point of view, I think ⑧----------------(我的观点). The reason is that ⑨--------------------(原因). As a matter of fact, there are some other reasons to explain my choice. For me, the former is surely a wise choice .
2) 给出一个观点, 要求考生反对这一观点
Some people believe that ①----------------(观点一). For example, they think ②-----------------(举例说明).And it will bring them③-----------------(为他们带来的好处). In my opinion, I never think this reason can be the point. For one thing, ④-------------(我不同意该看法的理由一). For another thing, ⑤-----------------(反对的理由之二). Form all what I have said, I agree to the thought that⑥------------------(
例1
Some people believe (argue, recognize, think) that 观点1. But other people take an opposite side. They firmly believe that 观点2. As for me, I agree to the former/latter idea.
There are a dozen of reasons behind my belief. First of all, 论据1.
More importantly, 论据2.
Most important of all, 论据3.
In summary, 总结观点. As a college student, I am supposed to 表决心.
或 From above, we can predict that 预测.
例2
People hold different views about X. Some people are of the opinion that 观点1, while others point out that 观点2. As far as I am concerned, the former/latter opinion holds more weight.
For one thing, 论据1.
For another, 论据2.
Last but not the least, 论据3.
To conclude, 总结观点. As a college student, I am supposed to 表决心.
或 From above, we can predict that 预测.
例3
There is no consensus [kən'sens əs] 一致of opinions among people about X（争论的焦点）。Some people are of the view that 观点1，while others take an opposite side, firmly believing that 观点2。As far as I am concerned, the former/latter notion（观念） is preferable in many senses. The reasons are obvious.
First of all, 论据1。
Furthermore, 论据2。
Among all of the supporting evidences, one is the strongest. That is, 论据3。
A natural conclusion from the above discussion is that总结观点。
As a college student, I am supposed to 表决心.
或 From above, we can predict that 预测
用于句首提出论题或现象的句型
①Recently , …has become the focus of the society .
②…has been playing an increasingly important role in our day-to-day life . ③Nowadays there is a growing concern for …
④Nowadays it is common to hear /see …
⑤…has become a common occurrence in our daily life .
⑥Nowadays more and more people are beginning to be aware of the seriousness of …
⑦It is only during the last /past few years that man has become generally aware that …
⑧There is an old / popular saying / proverb which says / goes …
⑨In recent years , there is a general tendency …
⑩Nowadays … has become a problem we have to face
用于结尾的常用句型
①From what has been discussed / mentioned above , we may conclude that … ②Therefore , it is not difficult to draw / come to the conclusion that …
③It is high time that something was done about …
④From all the reasons / consideration above , it is evident / clear / obvious that … ⑤Taking into account all these factors , we may reach the conclusion that …
⑥Given the reasons / consideration I have just outlined / discussed / presented , I strongly recommend that …
⑦It is clear , therefore , that …
⑧All in all ,what really matters is , in fact , to …
⑨It is essential that effective measure be taken to …
⑩From what has been discussed above , we may reasonably arrive at the conclusion that …
⑾ In conclusion ,the most important is …
⑿ On the whole , it is high time that every one …
⒀ As a result , we should take some effective steps to …
⒁ Judging by the figures / statistics , it is not difficult to see that …
⒂ Only in this way / in so doing , can be really …
常用句型：
1． 表示原因
1）There are three reasons for this．
2）The reasons for this are as follows．
3）The reason for this is obvious．
4）The reason for this is not far to seek．
5）The reason for this is that．．．
6）We have good reason to believe that．．．
2．表示好处
1）It has the following advantages．
2）It does us a lot of good．
3）It benefits us quite a lot．
4）It is beneficial to us．
5）It is of great benefit to us．
3．表示坏处
1）It has more disadvantages than advantages．
2）It does us much harm．
3）It is harmfulto us．
4．表示重要、必要、困难、方便、可能
1）It is important（necessary ，difficult ，convenient ， possible ）for sb．to do sth．
2）We think it necessary to do sth．
3）It plays an important role in our life．
5．表示措施
1）We should take some effective measures．
2）We should try our best to overcome（conquer ）the difficulties．
3）We should do our utmost in doing sth．
4）We should solve the problems that we are confronted（faced ）with ．
6．表示变化
1）Some changes have taken place in the past five years．
2）A great change will certainly be produced in the world’s communications．
3）The computer has brought about（导致） many changes in education．
7．表示事实、现状
1）We cannot ignore the fact that．．．
2）No one can deny the fact that．．．
3）There is no denying the fact that．．．
4）This is a phenomenon that many people are interested in．
5）However ，that’s not the case．
8．表示比较
1）Compared with A，B ．．．
2）I prefer to read rather than watch TV．
3）There is a striking contrast between them．
9．表示数量
1）It has increased（decreased ）from ．．．to ．．．
2）The population in this city has now increased （decreased ）to 800，000．
3）The output of July in this factory increased by 15％ compared with that of January ．
10．表示看法
1）People have（take ，adopt ，assume ）different attitudes towards sth．
2）People have different opinions on this problem．
3）People take different views of（on ）the question．
4）Some people believe that．．．Others argue that．．．
11．表示结论
1）In short，it can be said that ．．．
2）It may be briefly summed up as follows．
3）From what has been mentioned above ，we can come to the conclusion that ．．．
12．套语
1）It’s well known to us that ．．．
2）As is known to us，．．．
3）This is a topic that is being widely talked about．
4）From the graph（table ，chart ）listed above，it can be seen that ．．．
5）As a proverb（谚语） says ，“Where there is a will，there is a way．
提纲式作文
1． 对立观点式
A ．有人认为X 是好事，赞成X ， 为什么？
B ． 有人认为X 是坏事， 反对X ，为什么？
C ．我的看法。
Some people are in favor of the idea of doing X. They point out the fact that 支持X 的第一个原因。They also argue that 支持X 的另一个原因。
However, other people stand on a different ground. They consider it harmful to do X. They firmly point out that 反对X 的第一个理由。 An example can give the details of this argument: 一个例子。
There is some truth in both arguments. But I think the advantages of X overweigh the disadvantages. In addition to the above-mentioned negative effects it might bring about, X also may X 的有一个坏处。
2． 批驳观点式
A ．一个错误观点。
B ． 我不同意。
Many people argue that 错误观点。By saying that, they mean 对这个观点的进一步解释。An example they have presented is that 一个例子。（According to a survey performed by X on a group of Y, almost 80% of them 赞成这个错误观点或者受到这个错误观点的影响）。
There might be some element of truth in these people’s belief. But if we consider it in depth, we will feel no reservation to conclude that 与错误观点相反的观点。There are a number of reasons behind my belief. (以下参照辩论文的议论文写法) 。
3． 社会问题（现象）式
A ．一个社会问题或者现象。
B ． 产生的原因
C ．对社会和我们生活的影响
D ． 如何杜绝。（如果是问题的话）
E ． 前景的预测。
Nowadays, there exists an increasingly serious social/economic/environmental
problem. (X has increasingly become a common concern of the public). According to a survey, 调查内容说明这种现象的情况。（或者是一个例子）。
There are a couple of reasons booming this problem/phenomenon. 下面参照辩论式议论文的写法。
X has caused substantial impact on the society and our daily life, which has been articulated （表达） in the following aspects. 参照辩论式议论文的写法。
A dozen of measures are supposed to take to prevent X from bringing us more harm. 参照辩论式议论文的写法。
Based on the above discussions, I can easily forecast that more and more people will ……..
图表式作文
Paragraph 1—分析图表：语言要准确，凝练。
Paragraph 2—发表观点，态度要明确；给出理由以支撑你的观点。
Paragraph 3—结论。重申你的观点。首尾呼应。
例1
As is shown by the figure in the table(graph/picture/pie/chart) , there has been a dramatic growth of the time students spent on computers. From the table, we can see that the number of the hours students spent on computers was 2 and 4 respectively in 1990 and 1995, while the figure reached 20 in 2000, ten times more than that in 1990. It is obvious in the table that the number of the time students spent on computers has undergone dramatic changes. It has gone up considerably in recent years. It was less than 2 hours in 1990, and at the point of 4 hours in 1990, while it reached its peak value of 20 hours in 2000.
There are at least two good reasons accounting for __. On the one hand, __. On the other hand, __ is due to the fact that __.In addition, __ is responsible for __.Maybe there are some other reasons to show __.But it is generally believed that the above mentioned reasons are commonly convincing.
As far as I am concerned, I hold the point of view that __. I am sure my opinion is both sound and well-grounded.
例2
It is obvious in the graph/table that the rate/number/amount of Y has undergone dramatic changes. It has gone up/grown/fallen/dropped considerably in recent years (as X varies). At the point of （接近）X1, Y reaches its peak value of …(多少). What is the reason for this change? Mainly there are … (多少) reasons behind the situation reflected in the graphic/table. First of all, …(第一个原因). More
importantly, …(第二个原因). Most important of all, …(第三个原因).
From the above discussions, we have enough reason to predict what will happen in the near future. The trend described in the graph/table will continue for quite a long time (if necessary measures are not taken括号里的使用于那些不太好的变化趋势).
辩论式议论文
一般是由四段构成;
第1段：Recently we’ve had a discussion about whether we should... （导入话题） Our opinions are divided on this topic.（观点有分歧）
正文：第2段：Most of the students are in favour of it.（正方观点）
Here are the reasons. First... Second... Finally...(列出2~3个赞成的理由)
第3段：However, the others are strongly against it. （反方观点）
Their reasons are as follows. In the first place... What’s more... In addition...( 2~3个反对的理由)
结论： Personally speaking, the advantages overweigh the disadvantages, for it will do us more harm than good, so I support it.（个人观点）
常考题型有两种：
1. 有一些人认为。。。 2. 另一些人认为。。。3. 我的看法。。。
The topic of ①-----------------(主题)is becoming more and more popular recently. There are two sides of opinions of it. Some people say A is heir favorite. They hold their view for the reason of ②-----------------(支持A 的理由一)What is more, ③-------------理由二). Moreover,④---------------(理由三).
While others think that B is a better choice in the following three reasons. Firstly,-----------------(支持B 的理由一). Secondly (besides),⑥------------------(理由
二). Thirdly (finally),⑦------------------(理由三).
From my point of view, I think ⑧----------------(我的观点). The reason is that ⑨--------------------(原因). As a matter of fact, there are some other reasons to explain my choice. For me, the former is surely a wise choice .
2) 给出一个观点, 要求考生反对这一观点
Some people believe that ①----------------(观点一). For example, they think ②-----------------(举例说明).And it will bring them③-----------------(为他们带来的好处). In my opinion, I never think this reason can be the point. For one thing, ④-------------(我不同意该看法的理由一). For another thing, ⑤-----------------(反对的理由之二). Form all what I have said, I agree to the thought that⑥------------------(
例1
Some people believe (argue, recognize, think) that 观点1. But other people take an opposite side. They firmly believe that 观点2. As for me, I agree to the former/latter idea.
There are a dozen of reasons behind my belief. First of all, 论据1.
More importantly, 论据2.
Most important of all, 论据3.
In summary, 总结观点. As a college student, I am supposed to 表决心.
或 From above, we can predict that 预测.
例2
People hold different views about X. Some people are of the opinion that 观点1, while others point out that 观点2. As far as I am concerned, the former/latter opinion holds more weight.
For one thing, 论据1.
For another, 论据2.
Last but not the least, 论据3.
To conclude, 总结观点. As a college student, I am supposed to 表决心.
或 From above, we can predict that 预测.
例3
There is no consensus [kən'sens əs] 一致of opinions among people about X（争论的焦点）。Some people are of the view that 观点1，while others take an opposite side, firmly believing that 观点2。As far as I am concerned, the former/latter notion（观念） is preferable in many senses. The reasons are obvious.
First of all, 论据1。
Furthermore, 论据2。
Among all of the supporting evidences, one is the strongest. That is, 论据3。
A natural conclusion from the above discussion is that总结观点。
As a college student, I am supposed to 表决心.
或 From above, we can predict that 预测
用于句首提出论题或现象的句型
①Recently , …has become the focus of the society .
②…has been playing an increasingly important role in our day-to-day life . ③Nowadays there is a growing concern for …
④Nowadays it is common to hear /see …
⑤…has become a common occurrence in our daily life .
⑥Nowadays more and more people are beginning to be aware of the seriousness of …
⑦It is only during the last /past few years that man has become generally aware that …
⑧There is an old / popular saying / proverb which says / goes …
⑨In recent years , there is a general tendency …
⑩Nowadays … has become a problem we have to face
用于结尾的常用句型
①From what has been discussed / mentioned above , we may conclude that … ②Therefore , it is not difficult to draw / come to the conclusion that …
③It is high time that something was done about …
④From all the reasons / consideration above , it is evident / clear / obvious that … ⑤Taking into account all these factors , we may reach the conclusion that …
⑥Given the reasons / consideration I have just outlined / discussed / presented , I strongly recommend that …
⑦It is clear , therefore , that …
⑧All in all ,what really matters is , in fact , to …
⑨It is essential that effective measure be taken to …
⑩From what has been discussed above , we may reasonably arrive at the conclusion that …
⑾ In conclusion ,the most important is …
⑿ On the whole , it is high time that every one …
⒀ As a result , we should take some effective steps to …
⒁ Judging by the figures / statistics , it is not difficult to see that …
⒂ Only in this way / in so doing , can be really …
常用句型：
1． 表示原因
1）There are three reasons for this．
2）The reasons for this are as follows．
3）The reason for this is obvious．
4）The reason for this is not far to seek．
5）The reason for this is that．．．
6）We have good reason to believe that．．．
2．表示好处
1）It has the following advantages．
2）It does us a lot of good．
3）It benefits us quite a lot．
4）It is beneficial to us．
5）It is of great benefit to us．
3．表示坏处
1）It has more disadvantages than advantages．
2）It does us much harm．
3）It is harmfulto us．
4．表示重要、必要、困难、方便、可能
1）It is important（necessary ，difficult ，convenient ， possible ）for sb．to do sth．
2）We think it necessary to do sth．
3）It plays an important role in our life．
5．表示措施
1）We should take some effective measures．
2）We should try our best to overcome（conquer ）the difficulties．
3）We should do our utmost in doing sth．
4）We should solve the problems that we are confronted（faced ）with ．
6．表示变化
1）Some changes have taken place in the past five years．
2）A great change will certainly be produced in the world’s communications．
3）The computer has brought about（导致） many changes in education．
7．表示事实、现状
1）We cannot ignore the fact that．．．
2）No one can deny the fact that．．．
3）There is no denying the fact that．．．
4）This is a phenomenon that many people are interested in．
5）However ，that’s not the case．
8．表示比较
1）Compared with A，B ．．．
2）I prefer to read rather than watch TV．
3）There is a striking contrast between them．
9．表示数量
1）It has increased（decreased ）from ．．．to ．．．
2）The population in this city has now increased （decreased ）to 800，000．
3）The output of July in this factory increased by 15％ compared with that of January ．
10．表示看法
1）People have（take ，adopt ，assume ）different attitudes towards sth．
2）People have different opinions on this problem．
3）People take different views of（on ）the question．
4）Some people believe that．．．Others argue that．．．
11．表示结论
1）In short，it can be said that ．．．
2）It may be briefly summed up as follows．
3）From what has been mentioned above ，we can come to the conclusion that ．．．
12．套语
1）It’s well known to us that ．．．
2）As is known to us，．．．
3）This is a topic that is being widely talked about．
4）From the graph（table ，chart ）listed above，it can be seen that ．．．
5）As a proverb（谚语） says ，“Where there is a will，there is a way．