初二升初三暑假衔接班
第八讲
一、易混词辨析
take spend pay cost
1.The second hand TV set __cost____ me 300 .00yuan.
2.High school students __spend____ plenty of time doning their schoolwork every day.
3.Doing the math exercises _took_ me three hours yesterday afternoon.
4.My parents have been _paying_ nearly 500.00 yusn each term for training my English in English Training Center since I became a high school student.
5.As a student ,you shouldn’t _spend much money on snacks.
6.You have lost the library boook ,so you have to __pay__for it.
形容词afraid的用法
1. 不是动词，是形容词，因此不能单独作谓语：正：Don’t be afraid. 别怕。误：Don’t afraid.
2. 是表语形容词，一般不能放在名词前作定语。但若是本身有修饰语，则也可以放在名词前作定语；有时构成短语可放在被修饰的名词后作后置定语：a boy afraid of dogs 怕狗的男孩 a very muchafraid boy 十分胆怯的男孩
3. I’m afraid 意为“恐怕”，是一种提出异议、说出令人不快事实时的委婉说法：I’m afraid (that) he won’t come. 恐怕他不会来了。
I’m afraid 之后可接 so 或 not, 表示前面所提到的情况。表肯定时用 so；表否定时用 not：A：Will he be late again? 他又会迟到吗? B：I’m afraid so (not). 恐怕会 (不会)吧。吧。注意上面的否定说法不能改为 I’m not afraid (so)。
4. 比较be afraid of doing sth / be afraid to dosth：
(1)两者含义大致相同，意为“害怕 (做)…”、“不敢 (做)…” ：I’m afraid to tell [of telling] her. 我不敢告诉她。
(2)但若要表示担心可能会发生某事，则只能用 be afraid of doing而不能用 be afraid to do：I was afraid of hurting herfeelings. 我怕伤了她的感情。She was afraid of waking herhusband. 她怕弄醒她丈夫。
be afraid的用法
（1）We are not afraid of ______.
A、some difficulty C、any difficult
(2)He was afraid of ______ mistakes.
A、make B、makes (3)She was afraid _____ at night.
A、going out B、go out (4) I’m afraid _____ she is ill.
A、of B、for (5)Will they be late ? I’m afraid _____.
B、of C、for
(6)Will they be back today? I’m afraid _______.
A.of B.for
语法链接——过去将来时态
1. I don’t know what I ______ next
B. would do
2. When James grows up. He ______ a doctor. B. would be
3. He said that he ______ there the next day.
B. will go
4. Mimi didn’t know what ______ happen to her in the future.
C. was going to be C. went
A. will C. willing
5. Jenny told me that she ______ a party this month.
B. will hold C. held
6. When he grew up, he ______ return to his hometown.
A. will C. had
7. Mums says aunt Huang ______ to my home tomorrow.
A. would come C. comes
8. When I ______ 1,000 yuan, I ______ you a watch.
A. make, buy B. will make, will buy 语法突破——过去完成时态
1） 概念：表示过去的过去
----|-------|-----|---->其构成是had +过去分词构成。
那时以前 那时 现在
2） 用法
a. 在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句。
She said (that) she had never been to Paris.
b. 状语从句
在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在先，用过去完成时；发生在后，用一般过去时。 When the police arrived, the thieves had run away.
3) 过去完成时的时间状语before, by, when
He said that he had learned some English before.他说他之前学过一些英语。
By the time he was twelve, Edison had began to make a living by himself.在爱迪生十岁前，他就已经自己谋生了。
The film had been on 10 minutes when I arrived. 当我到达的时候，电影已经开始十分钟了。
1．The meeting ________ when we got there.
A. began B. has begun 2. We had learned about 1,000 French words ________ the end of last term.
B. at C. during
3. Mr. White ________ in Beijing for 3 years before he moved to Canada.
A. has lived
C. lived
4. By the time we arrived at the station, the train ________ already.
A. has left B. was leaving 5. She said that she ________ already ________ her homework.
A. has… finished C. have finished
6. I ________ 2,000 dollars by the end of last year.
A. have saved C. saved
7. I met my old friend in the street yesterday, I ______ seen her since 10 years ago.
A. haven’t C. didn’t
8. I ______ him in the park yesterday.
A. had seen C. have seen
9. The man ______, put on his cap and went away.
A. had got up C. has got up
10. When I got to the cinema, the film ______ for 10 minutes.
A. had begun
二、汉译英
1．你能想象它有多奇怪吗？（imagine,how,strange）
__Can you imagine how strange it was?_.
2.我们永远不知道将来会发生什么.（never，happen）
We never what will happen in the future.
3.如果你变富裕了，你将难以辨认谁是你的真正朋友。
If you become rich ,you will have a hard time _finding_who your real friends are.
4.在公共场合你最好低声说话。
It is better to keep your voice down in _public_ places.
5.现在世界的人口是多少？（population）
What’s the population of the world?
How large is the population of the world? B. have been on
三、根据汉语提示完成句子。
1. There are two foreigners in our group including (包括) Jim.
2. The earthquake is terrible, but I believe that we Chinese can beat it successfully(成功地)。
3. Can you_descibe (描述) what he looks like?
4. We are often told not to be _nervous_ (紧张不安的) in the exam.
5. When was the television __invented_ (发明)?
四、完形填空
For example, we now have e-friends to help us and keep us can do almost we human beings do. My e-friend is a lot like me and we have fun my homework and we often go swimming. She is programmed to take , so I always feel safe when we are together. She can also send me messages, just like old-fashioned e-mail, and I can download information from her memory. It’s an e-friend – I am never lonely and I always have someone to talk
I would like to tell you more about life in the year 3044, but I have to send my e-friend to clean up my room. Maybe I will be able to travel back in time and visit you.
1. A. of C. in D. with
2. A. different B. difference D. differences B. for C. at D. up
4. A. something B. anything C. nothing 5. A. many B. a few D. a little B. at C. on D. doing
7. A. will happen C. happened D. is going to happen
8. A. have B. having D. has
9. A. to B. about C. with B. in one day C. after one day D. with one day
五、阅读
你知道怎样保护你自己吗？记住下面的六条信息可以使你在学校或是日常生活中更加安全。
1如果你独自在家，不要给任何人开门
2注意了解你的周围环境，要知道公用电话的位置或者自带手机。如果有危险的事情发生，你可以快速求救。 3当乘坐公共汽车时，把书包背在身体前面而不是后面。当车很挤时，小偷很容易从你背后的包里偷东西；不要戴着耳机，那样的话你会把自己与外界隔开，这容易使你陷入麻烦。
4如果你被陌生人尾随，穿过街走别的方向。让尾随着知道你知道他或她在那里。如果有必要的话向别人求助。不要直接回家。在街上比你在家里或者是电梯里安全得多。
5 不要同陌生人讲话。如果不得不坐车去一个很远的地方，尽量在车要开走之前几分钟才到车站去。这样可以阻止别人有机会来研究你。在车上时，不要独自坐。应该坐在司机后面或是与朋友坐在一起。不要打瞌睡。 6不要抽烟或者玩火柴或蜡烛，因为这可能引起火灾。如果家里着火了，你被迫要从浓烟中逃跑的话，用手和膝盖匍匐前进，保持头部在离地面30到60厘米的高度。要记住在着火时靠近地面的空气要干净和清凉一些。 Being safe at school and in your everyday life needs knowledge. If you remember the following information, your life will be much safer.
●Always notice the environment around you. You shouldn't walk alone outside. Make sure where the public phones are. If anything dangerous happens, you can find them quickly.
●Don't use earphones(耳机) when running in the schoolyard or on the street. You will keep yourself from the outside world and can be easily surprised.
●School bags should be carried towards the front of your body instead of putting them on your back. When buses are crowded, it is easy enough for thieves to steal the things in your bags on your back.
●If you are followed by a stranger, cross the street and go in the other direction (方向), let the stranger know that you know he or she is there. Next, go and get help from others if it is necessary. Don't go home directly. You are safer on the street than you are in your home or in a lift.
●If you have to take a bus to a place far away, try to get to the stop a few minutes before the buses leave. This prevents a stranger from studying you. On buses, don't sit alone, sit behind the driver or with you friends. Don't sleep.
●Don't play with matches (火柴) or candles, because it may cause fire. If your house catches fire and you have to escape through smoke, move on your hands and knees with your head 30 to 60 centimeters (厘米) above the floor. Please remember there is cleaner, cooler air near the floor during the fire.
根据短文判断下列句子的正确（T）与错误（F）。
( f )1. If you find a stranger following you, go home right away.
( f )2. You'd better sit after the driver when you are alone to take a bus.
( f )3. It's good for you to use earphones when you are running outside.
( t )4. You shouldn't sleep all the way although it's a long bus trip.
( f )5. During the fire, the cleaner and cooler air is far from the floor.
( f )6. When you escape from the house on fire, you should move on your hands and knees
with your head 300 to 600 centimeters above the floor.
初二升初三暑假衔接班
第八讲
一、易混词辨析
take spend pay cost
1.The second hand TV set __cost____ me 300 .00yuan.
2.High school students __spend____ plenty of time doning their schoolwork every day.
3.Doing the math exercises _took_ me three hours yesterday afternoon.
4.My parents have been _paying_ nearly 500.00 yusn each term for training my English in English Training Center since I became a high school student.
5.As a student ,you shouldn’t _spend much money on snacks.
6.You have lost the library boook ,so you have to __pay__for it.
形容词afraid的用法
1. 不是动词，是形容词，因此不能单独作谓语：正：Don’t be afraid. 别怕。误：Don’t afraid.
2. 是表语形容词，一般不能放在名词前作定语。但若是本身有修饰语，则也可以放在名词前作定语；有时构成短语可放在被修饰的名词后作后置定语：a boy afraid of dogs 怕狗的男孩 a very muchafraid boy 十分胆怯的男孩
3. I’m afraid 意为“恐怕”，是一种提出异议、说出令人不快事实时的委婉说法：I’m afraid (that) he won’t come. 恐怕他不会来了。
I’m afraid 之后可接 so 或 not, 表示前面所提到的情况。表肯定时用 so；表否定时用 not：A：Will he be late again? 他又会迟到吗? B：I’m afraid so (not). 恐怕会 (不会)吧。吧。注意上面的否定说法不能改为 I’m not afraid (so)。
4. 比较be afraid of doing sth / be afraid to dosth：
(1)两者含义大致相同，意为“害怕 (做)…”、“不敢 (做)…” ：I’m afraid to tell [of telling] her. 我不敢告诉她。
(2)但若要表示担心可能会发生某事，则只能用 be afraid of doing而不能用 be afraid to do：I was afraid of hurting herfeelings. 我怕伤了她的感情。She was afraid of waking herhusband. 她怕弄醒她丈夫。
be afraid的用法
（1）We are not afraid of ______.
A、some difficulty C、any difficult
(2)He was afraid of ______ mistakes.
A、make B、makes (3)She was afraid _____ at night.
A、going out B、go out (4) I’m afraid _____ she is ill.
A、of B、for (5)Will they be late ? I’m afraid _____.
B、of C、for
(6)Will they be back today? I’m afraid _______.
A.of B.for
语法链接——过去将来时态
1. I don’t know what I ______ next
B. would do
2. When James grows up. He ______ a doctor. B. would be
3. He said that he ______ there the next day.
B. will go
4. Mimi didn’t know what ______ happen to her in the future.
C. was going to be C. went
A. will C. willing
5. Jenny told me that she ______ a party this month.
B. will hold C. held
6. When he grew up, he ______ return to his hometown.
A. will C. had
7. Mums says aunt Huang ______ to my home tomorrow.
A. would come C. comes
8. When I ______ 1,000 yuan, I ______ you a watch.
A. make, buy B. will make, will buy 语法突破——过去完成时态
1） 概念：表示过去的过去
----|-------|-----|---->其构成是had +过去分词构成。
那时以前 那时 现在
2） 用法
a. 在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句。
She said (that) she had never been to Paris.
b. 状语从句
在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在先，用过去完成时；发生在后，用一般过去时。 When the police arrived, the thieves had run away.
3) 过去完成时的时间状语before, by, when
He said that he had learned some English before.他说他之前学过一些英语。
By the time he was twelve, Edison had began to make a living by himself.在爱迪生十岁前，他就已经自己谋生了。
The film had been on 10 minutes when I arrived. 当我到达的时候，电影已经开始十分钟了。
1．The meeting ________ when we got there.
A. began B. has begun 2. We had learned about 1,000 French words ________ the end of last term.
B. at C. during
3. Mr. White ________ in Beijing for 3 years before he moved to Canada.
A. has lived
C. lived
4. By the time we arrived at the station, the train ________ already.
A. has left B. was leaving 5. She said that she ________ already ________ her homework.
A. has… finished C. have finished
6. I ________ 2,000 dollars by the end of last year.
A. have saved C. saved
7. I met my old friend in the street yesterday, I ______ seen her since 10 years ago.
A. haven’t C. didn’t
8. I ______ him in the park yesterday.
A. had seen C. have seen
9. The man ______, put on his cap and went away.
A. had got up C. has got up
10. When I got to the cinema, the film ______ for 10 minutes.
A. had begun
二、汉译英
1．你能想象它有多奇怪吗？（imagine,how,strange）
__Can you imagine how strange it was?_.
2.我们永远不知道将来会发生什么.（never，happen）
We never what will happen in the future.
3.如果你变富裕了，你将难以辨认谁是你的真正朋友。
If you become rich ,you will have a hard time _finding_who your real friends are.
4.在公共场合你最好低声说话。
It is better to keep your voice down in _public_ places.
5.现在世界的人口是多少？（population）
What’s the population of the world?
How large is the population of the world? B. have been on
三、根据汉语提示完成句子。
1. There are two foreigners in our group including (包括) Jim.
2. The earthquake is terrible, but I believe that we Chinese can beat it successfully(成功地)。
3. Can you_descibe (描述) what he looks like?
4. We are often told not to be _nervous_ (紧张不安的) in the exam.
5. When was the television __invented_ (发明)?
四、完形填空
For example, we now have e-friends to help us and keep us can do almost we human beings do. My e-friend is a lot like me and we have fun my homework and we often go swimming. She is programmed to take , so I always feel safe when we are together. She can also send me messages, just like old-fashioned e-mail, and I can download information from her memory. It’s an e-friend – I am never lonely and I always have someone to talk
I would like to tell you more about life in the year 3044, but I have to send my e-friend to clean up my room. Maybe I will be able to travel back in time and visit you.
1. A. of C. in D. with
2. A. different B. difference D. differences B. for C. at D. up
4. A. something B. anything C. nothing 5. A. many B. a few D. a little B. at C. on D. doing
7. A. will happen C. happened D. is going to happen
8. A. have B. having D. has
9. A. to B. about C. with B. in one day C. after one day D. with one day
五、阅读
你知道怎样保护你自己吗？记住下面的六条信息可以使你在学校或是日常生活中更加安全。
1如果你独自在家，不要给任何人开门
2注意了解你的周围环境，要知道公用电话的位置或者自带手机。如果有危险的事情发生，你可以快速求救。 3当乘坐公共汽车时，把书包背在身体前面而不是后面。当车很挤时，小偷很容易从你背后的包里偷东西；不要戴着耳机，那样的话你会把自己与外界隔开，这容易使你陷入麻烦。
4如果你被陌生人尾随，穿过街走别的方向。让尾随着知道你知道他或她在那里。如果有必要的话向别人求助。不要直接回家。在街上比你在家里或者是电梯里安全得多。
5 不要同陌生人讲话。如果不得不坐车去一个很远的地方，尽量在车要开走之前几分钟才到车站去。这样可以阻止别人有机会来研究你。在车上时，不要独自坐。应该坐在司机后面或是与朋友坐在一起。不要打瞌睡。 6不要抽烟或者玩火柴或蜡烛，因为这可能引起火灾。如果家里着火了，你被迫要从浓烟中逃跑的话，用手和膝盖匍匐前进，保持头部在离地面30到60厘米的高度。要记住在着火时靠近地面的空气要干净和清凉一些。 Being safe at school and in your everyday life needs knowledge. If you remember the following information, your life will be much safer.
●Always notice the environment around you. You shouldn't walk alone outside. Make sure where the public phones are. If anything dangerous happens, you can find them quickly.
●Don't use earphones(耳机) when running in the schoolyard or on the street. You will keep yourself from the outside world and can be easily surprised.
●School bags should be carried towards the front of your body instead of putting them on your back. When buses are crowded, it is easy enough for thieves to steal the things in your bags on your back.
●If you are followed by a stranger, cross the street and go in the other direction (方向), let the stranger know that you know he or she is there. Next, go and get help from others if it is necessary. Don't go home directly. You are safer on the street than you are in your home or in a lift.
●If you have to take a bus to a place far away, try to get to the stop a few minutes before the buses leave. This prevents a stranger from studying you. On buses, don't sit alone, sit behind the driver or with you friends. Don't sleep.
●Don't play with matches (火柴) or candles, because it may cause fire. If your house catches fire and you have to escape through smoke, move on your hands and knees with your head 30 to 60 centimeters (厘米) above the floor. Please remember there is cleaner, cooler air near the floor during the fire.
根据短文判断下列句子的正确（T）与错误（F）。
( f )1. If you find a stranger following you, go home right away.
( f )2. You'd better sit after the driver when you are alone to take a bus.
( f )3. It's good for you to use earphones when you are running outside.
( t )4. You shouldn't sleep all the way although it's a long bus trip.
( f )5. During the fire, the cleaner and cooler air is far from the floor.
( f )6. When you escape from the house on fire, you should move on your hands and knees
with your head 300 to 600 centimeters above the floor.