中国传统节日Traditional Chinese Festivals
The Spring Festival 春节 the Spring Festival, otherwise known as the Chinese New Year, starts from the first day of the first lunar month and ends on the Lantern Festival, that is, the fifteenth of the month. T(中国人过春节相当于西方人过圣诞节).
The Spring Festival Eve 除夕 , or the Chinese New Year’s Eve, is call the Danian Sanshi （大年三十）in Chinese. It is a time of jubilance, with eyeful of Spring Festival couplets, earful of loud firecrackers, and the kitchen full of yummy stuff cooking on the stove. Wherever they are, people will hurry back home for their family reunion on the eve.
The Spring Festival Eve Dinner 年夜饭 . north prefer jiaozi, the southerners like tangyuan, sweet round dumplings to niangao, which means “”.
Spring Festival Couples 贴春联 duilian对联, or the Pair Couplets, b. Sometimes people also paste a hengpi横批, a horizontal scroll bearing an inscription, above the couples.
Gift Money 压岁钱
Setting off firecrackers 放鞭炮
Part of the Spring Festival celebration is to , People wish that, by setting off firecrackers, good luck would come to them in the coming year.
Paying New Year Calls 拜年
The Spring Festival is also a time to pay festive visits and say good wishes to one another among relatives, friends and neighbours.
Vising Temple Fairs赶庙会 秧歌 (a rirual folk dance popular in north China), 技） and folk art shows. Varieties of snacks and commodity exchanges （商品交易）are also the integral parts of the fair.
The Lantern Festival 元宵节
The 15th day of the first lunar month is the Chinese Lantern Festival, (这一天正好是新年的第一个月圆之夜). The major activities of the day include , , and eating yuanxiao元宵(sweet dumplings) made of glutinous [ˈglu:tinəs](粘的，胶装的) rice flour （糯米面，糯米粉）.
Eating Yuanxiao 吃元宵
Eating yuanxiao 元宵on the day of the Lantern Festival symbolizes . 元宵用糯米粉包馅制成，馅儿有豆沙、芝麻、各类果仁加白糖，还有肉糜馅等). In southern China, people also eat tangyuan汤圆(like yuanxiao元宵).
Watching Painted Lanterns 赏花灯 (人们观灯赏月，其乐融融).
Solving Lantern Riddles 猜灯谜
Solving riddles written or printed on lanterns is another way of entertaining visitors on the night.
The Dragon Boat Festival 端午节 . The story goes that the day is kept in memory of 屈原who died more than 2000 years ago. 同时也是人们祈求农业丰收，驱除瘟疫的节日).
Qu Yuan (339BC? ～ 278BC?) 屈原
Qu Yuan 屈原,楚国in ancient China, is greatly respected by people of all times, for both . It was on the fifth day of the fifth lunar month in the year 278 BC 因楚国国都失陷，屈原悲愤地投江而死).
Dragon Boat Racing 赛龙舟
The dragon boat is made of wood, with mythical dragon head and dragon tail decorations on it. (赛龙舟最初是表达屈原投江后，人们寻救他的迫切心情，后来逐渐成为端午节流行的一项民间体育竞技活动).
Eating Zongzi 吃粽子
Legend has it thatThat’s how the tradition of eating zongzi 粽子(rice dumplings wrapped in leaves) around the Dragon Boat Festival started. A zongzi （粽子）is usually made in the shape of a triangular or square lump (粽子外形为三角形或四角形), wrapped in large bamboo leaves. The ingredients are mostly .
Hanging Moxa 挂艾蒿
Moxa leaves are hung in front of every household during the Dragon Boat Festival in order to [ɪk'spɛl]（驱逐） (驱邪解毒). The sweet scent of the herb, however, can also repel flies and mosquitoes, and the house.
The Moon Festival 中秋节
th团圆节, as the full moon around that time very well . It is a time for family members to get together and ['seivə]尽情享受.
The Moon Cake 月饼
The Cake of Reunion 团圆饼 is another name for the moon cakes. Made by wheat flour dough and stuffed with a wide variety, sweet or salty, (月饼是中秋节人们互赠的主要礼品，也是节日的重要食品).
The Double Ninth Festival 重阳节
Chongyang 重阳— the Double Ninth Festival, also known as the Senior Citizens’ Day 老人节, is on the ninth of the ninth lunar month. 中国古人把九称为阳数，阳在中国哲学中属阳性，代表男性阳刚特质，所以九月九叫做重阳). On this day, people will go climbing mountains, drinking, and admiring chrysanthemum
[kri'sænθəməm] 菊花 flowers. More importantly, it’s a time for children to ['fɪlɪəl] ['paɪətɪ]（filial peity 孝顺，孝心）
Climbing the Heights to Keep Away Troubles 登高避灾
The Double Ninth Festival is in autumn, when the seasonal beauty together.
Appreciating the Chrysanthemums 赏菊
品种繁多的菊花在秋日盛开，观赏菊花是流传已久的节日风俗).
Offering Sacrifices to the Goddess of the Sea 祭海神
Grand ceremonies are held for her on the day in China’s coastal cities including the Taiwan Region.
The God of Longevity [lɔn'dʒevəti] 寿星老 长寿的保护神
Chinese Tea 中国茶
In China, tea-drinking is part of the Chinese culture: Tea Culture. 喝茶不仅是人们生活中的一种习惯，也是待客的一种习俗). Teahouses where tea-drinkers could also 炒茶), the important part of tea processing, determines the quality of the product.
The Home of Tea 茶叶的故乡 (茶是一种植物，称茶树，它的芽叶经过加工就成了可供冲泡的茶叶). Originally a product of China, tea was exported to parts of Asia as early as some 1500 years ago, and it arrived in Europe about 400 years ago.
Varieties of Tea 茶叶的品种
['uːlɒŋ]乌龙茶, and there’re different brand names such as the Xihu Longjing 西湖龙井(West Lake Longjing Tea, green tea produced in Hangzhou, Zhejiang 浙江杭州), Biluochun 碧螺春(green tea, produced in Jiangsu Prov.江苏).
Tea Ceremony 茶艺
In the Chinese tea culture, there are certain rituals and rules to follow, either at the stage of 沏茶，敬茶，饮茶). There’s also a set of criteria for the quality of water, tea, and tea-making utensils.
中国书法绘画 Chinese calligraphy and painting
The Four Treasures of the Study 文房四宝
Wenfang 文房refers to the study for a man of letters, and the tools and materials for calligraphy and painting include 笔、墨、纸、砚), so they are jointly called “the four treasures of the study”. In addition to these, 还有笔筒、笔架、墨盒、笔洗、印章、印盒等多种书法和绘画用品).
The Writing Brush 毛笔
Writing brushes are the traditional writing tools in China, dating from 1600 BC to 1066 BC. The point of the brush is usually made with hair from animal tails and the shaft of bamboo sticks. 根据书写字体大小不同，毛笔有大、中、小号). There are also larger ones called Dou brush 斗笔or Ti brush 提笔, and the largest one is called Zha brush 揸笔.
The Ink Stick 墨（块）
In ancient China, people had to grind （[graɪnd]磨碎，碾碎） the ink stick into ink liquid and then dip the writing brush into it to write and paint. For grinding the ink stick, some fresh water should be poured into the ink slab first, then, (用墨块在砚台上顺着一个方向研磨), and gradually, the fresh water turn into ink liquid.
The Ink Slab 砚
The ink slab, as a tool for grinding ink sticks and usually made of stone, is very important to an ancient man of letters in his study. The most famous is the Duan Ink Slab 端砚produced in Zhaoqing, Guangdong Province 广东肇庆, which is called Duanzhou 端州in ancient times. (端砚质地细密柔润，研出的墨汁均匀耐用). (砚台上还能雕出精美的花纹，成为艺术珍品).
Traditional Chinese Paintings 中国画 (国画是中国传统的绘画艺术，它用中国所独有的毛笔、水墨、颜料，以特有的表现形式和艺术法则创作而成). They can be classified, according to subject matter, into landscape, flower-and-bird and figure paintings.
Landscape Paintings 山水画
Landscape paintings mainly depict natural scenery of mountains and rivers, which first came into
being in Qin Dynasty 秦代and reached a high level in Song Dynasty 宋代. 中国山水画重在抒发画家个人情感，达到情景交融的艺术境界).
Flower-and-bird Paintings 花鸟画
Flower-and-bird paintings do not only depict flowers and birds only, but also (竹石、走兽、虫鱼) as well. (画家主张通过对花鸟虫鱼的描绘，陶冶人的情操，体现作者内在的思想和追求).
Figure Paintings 人物画
Figure paintings focus particularly on the portrayal of the character’s activities, and 画家用线条勾画出人物的形态和服饰，让人感受到画中人物的神韵). Ancient China has produced many great artists of figure paintings, such as Gu Kaizhi in Jin Dynasty 晋代的顾恺之, Wu Daozi in Tang Dynasty 唐代的吴道子, Tang Bohu in Ming Dynasty 明代的唐伯虎, and so on.
New Year’s Painting 年画
年画是中国画的一种，它采用木刻套印的方法作画，内容喜庆、色彩对比强烈，是中国古老的民间美术形式). They are specially created for decoration of 它是专门为过农历新年时装饰环境、除凶辟邪而创作的). That is why they are called New Year’s paintings.
中国文物
The Terra-cotta Warriors 秦始皇陵兵马俑
秦始皇是中国封建社会的第一个皇帝。他死后，为了显示他生前的辉煌和权威，在他的墓中陪葬了许多东西). Among them were the three barracks of Terra-cotta 兵马俑阵), which have been marveled at as the “World’s Eighth Miracle” 世界第八大奇迹.
The Underground Army 地下军阵
Yong is either a human or animal figure made with clay. The Qin Shihuang’s Tomb 秦始皇陵and
its great army of Terra-Cotta Warriors — 7000 soldiers, 100 horses and 100 chariots in all, 再现了2000多年前气势宏伟，兵种齐全的军阵队形).
Dunhuang Grottoes 敦煌石窟
The Dunhuang Grottoes, (位于敦煌县东南25千米处的断崖上), are famous for his Mogao Caves 莫高窟. Now there are 492 grottoes in existence, which were constructed during the 4th century to the 10th century. Mogao Caves 莫高窟 became a treasure of the Buddhist art because of the multitude of murals and sculptures in the caves.
Cave Relief Murals 石窟壁画
(石窟内现存的壁画多达4.5万平方米，内容有佛像人物、佛经故事、古代神话及装饰图案). It took more than 1000 years to complete.
The Dunhuang Academy China 敦煌研究院 (敦煌文物曾遭到英、法、俄、日、美等国冒险家的盗取和掠夺). Many such relics can now be seen in museums and libraries throughout the world. As an effort to protect and further study the art of the Dunhuang Grottoes, China founded the Dunhuang Art Institute 敦煌艺术研究所in the 1940s, which became the pre-existence of nowadays the Dunhuang Academy China 敦煌研究院.
中国民居Chinese Folk Residence
Siheyuan (Beijing Quadrangles['kwɒdræŋg(ə)l]) 北京四合院
Siheyuan，来). Beijing Quadrangles ['kwɒdræŋg(ə)l] (周围有建筑物的)四方院子are symmetrical in design, and the inhabitants follow strict rules of hierarchy.
Cave Dwellings in Shaanxi 陕西窑洞
Cave dwellings ['ləʊɪs]cave dwelling measures seven to eight meters deep and more than three meters in breath and height respectively. The cave dwelling, thousands of years ago, is an age-old form of residence for people on the Loess Plateau. Today, there are still many people living in cave dwellings.
Brick Caves and Stone Caves 砖窑和石窑
An earth cave is turned into a brick cave , or a stone cave if reinforced with stones. Brick caves and stone caves are usually used as schools or offices. 楼房一样的多层阶梯式砖窑，外表看起来既漂亮又壮观).
Fujian Tulou 福建土楼
Tulou (earthen building) is a self-defensive folk residence built by the Hakka(客家人) living in such areas as Longyan and Zhangzhou(龙岩、漳州) in Fujian Province to protect their clans（宗族，部落）. It is usually round or square, and big enough for an entire clan.
The Ancestral Temple 祠堂
The center of a Tulou is the ancestral temple, .
Modern Private Houses 现代民居
Great changes have taken place in private houses in towns and countryside in China. Private houses in towns and cities mainly concentrate in residential districts, where people’s living environments and quality are being improved. 各地多彩的风情面貌).
A residential district composed of apartment buildings with different forms and structures has not only complete set of educational, medical and transportation set-ups(设施).
中华武术The Chinese Martial Art
The Shaolin Martial Art 少林功夫
All genres of martial arts Shaoliln, thus, in talking about the Shaolin Temple, its martial art. This kind of Shaolin kungfu, accumulated . It involves various methods of fighting techniques,
Taiji Boxing太极拳
In traditional Chinese boxing, Taiji Boxing , d.
The Origins of Taiji Boxing 太极拳源流
Ancient Chinese called the universe Taiji 太极，the Supreme Ultimate, and they explained the mechanism of boxing according to the ancient Chinese philosophy of kind of boxing began to be taught and practiced and Chen Wangting, in Wen County, Henan Province(河南温县的陈王廷), which was known as Chen Style Taiji Boxing(陈氏太极拳). Later, as it 杨氏、吴氏等流派) were developed and evolved.
中国文字The Chinese Character
The Evolution of Chinese Characters 汉字的演变
The characters of Chinese used by Chinese people ). With small changes of in writing methods since ancient times, they are used in all dialects as the common written characters. Therefore, 对中华文明的传承起到了十分重要的作用）.
The Origin of Chinese Characters 汉字的起源
In legend, there was a figure 上古时期) named Cang Jie and So he has the title of “(造字圣人) ”, as later generation . .
Standardization and Promulgation ([,promʌl'ɡeʃən] 宣传,普及) of Chinese Characters 汉字的规范与传播 , the Chinese language has two systems of standard characters in use, namely, .
The Simplified Chinese Characters 简化汉字
the Chinese government (普通话the commonly spoken Chinese). The simplification of Chinese characters involves simplifying some of the strokes on the basis of traditional characters, thus forming the simplified ones easy to write. And .
Beijing Language and Culture University (BLCU) 北京语言大学
BLCU is an international university in China recruiting students abroad, Meanwhile 以招收国外留学生为主的国际型大学，主要进行汉语和中华文化的传播和教学工作，同时承担着培养对外汉语教师以及出国预备人员的培训工作). A great number of foreign students come to the
university to study every year.
Confucius Institutes 孔子学院 语、传播中国语言文化的社会性公益学校), and their headquarters is located in Beijing. In the year of 2004, the first Confucius institute was founded in Seoul of ROK.
中国传统节日Traditional Chinese Festivals
The Spring Festival 春节 the Spring Festival, otherwise known as the Chinese New Year, starts from the first day of the first lunar month and ends on the Lantern Festival, that is, the fifteenth of the month. T(中国人过春节相当于西方人过圣诞节).
The Spring Festival Eve 除夕 , or the Chinese New Year’s Eve, is call the Danian Sanshi （大年三十）in Chinese. It is a time of jubilance, with eyeful of Spring Festival couplets, earful of loud firecrackers, and the kitchen full of yummy stuff cooking on the stove. Wherever they are, people will hurry back home for their family reunion on the eve.
The Spring Festival Eve Dinner 年夜饭 . north prefer jiaozi, the southerners like tangyuan, sweet round dumplings to niangao, which means “”.
Spring Festival Couples 贴春联 duilian对联, or the Pair Couplets, b. Sometimes people also paste a hengpi横批, a horizontal scroll bearing an inscription, above the couples.
Gift Money 压岁钱
Setting off firecrackers 放鞭炮
Part of the Spring Festival celebration is to , People wish that, by setting off firecrackers, good luck would come to them in the coming year.
Paying New Year Calls 拜年
The Spring Festival is also a time to pay festive visits and say good wishes to one another among relatives, friends and neighbours.
Vising Temple Fairs赶庙会 秧歌 (a rirual folk dance popular in north China), 技） and folk art shows. Varieties of snacks and commodity exchanges （商品交易）are also the integral parts of the fair.
The Lantern Festival 元宵节
The 15th day of the first lunar month is the Chinese Lantern Festival, (这一天正好是新年的第一个月圆之夜). The major activities of the day include , , and eating yuanxiao元宵(sweet dumplings) made of glutinous [ˈglu:tinəs](粘的，胶装的) rice flour （糯米面，糯米粉）.
Eating Yuanxiao 吃元宵
Eating yuanxiao 元宵on the day of the Lantern Festival symbolizes . 元宵用糯米粉包馅制成，馅儿有豆沙、芝麻、各类果仁加白糖，还有肉糜馅等). In southern China, people also eat tangyuan汤圆(like yuanxiao元宵).
Watching Painted Lanterns 赏花灯 (人们观灯赏月，其乐融融).
Solving Lantern Riddles 猜灯谜
Solving riddles written or printed on lanterns is another way of entertaining visitors on the night.
The Dragon Boat Festival 端午节 . The story goes that the day is kept in memory of 屈原who died more than 2000 years ago. 同时也是人们祈求农业丰收，驱除瘟疫的节日).
Qu Yuan (339BC? ～ 278BC?) 屈原
Qu Yuan 屈原,楚国in ancient China, is greatly respected by people of all times, for both . It was on the fifth day of the fifth lunar month in the year 278 BC 因楚国国都失陷，屈原悲愤地投江而死).
Dragon Boat Racing 赛龙舟
The dragon boat is made of wood, with mythical dragon head and dragon tail decorations on it. (赛龙舟最初是表达屈原投江后，人们寻救他的迫切心情，后来逐渐成为端午节流行的一项民间体育竞技活动).
Eating Zongzi 吃粽子
Legend has it thatThat’s how the tradition of eating zongzi 粽子(rice dumplings wrapped in leaves) around the Dragon Boat Festival started. A zongzi （粽子）is usually made in the shape of a triangular or square lump (粽子外形为三角形或四角形), wrapped in large bamboo leaves. The ingredients are mostly .
Hanging Moxa 挂艾蒿
Moxa leaves are hung in front of every household during the Dragon Boat Festival in order to [ɪk'spɛl]（驱逐） (驱邪解毒). The sweet scent of the herb, however, can also repel flies and mosquitoes, and the house.
The Moon Festival 中秋节
th团圆节, as the full moon around that time very well . It is a time for family members to get together and ['seivə]尽情享受.
The Moon Cake 月饼
The Cake of Reunion 团圆饼 is another name for the moon cakes. Made by wheat flour dough and stuffed with a wide variety, sweet or salty, (月饼是中秋节人们互赠的主要礼品，也是节日的重要食品).
The Double Ninth Festival 重阳节
Chongyang 重阳— the Double Ninth Festival, also known as the Senior Citizens’ Day 老人节, is on the ninth of the ninth lunar month. 中国古人把九称为阳数，阳在中国哲学中属阳性，代表男性阳刚特质，所以九月九叫做重阳). On this day, people will go climbing mountains, drinking, and admiring chrysanthemum
[kri'sænθəməm] 菊花 flowers. More importantly, it’s a time for children to ['fɪlɪəl] ['paɪətɪ]（filial peity 孝顺，孝心）
Climbing the Heights to Keep Away Troubles 登高避灾
The Double Ninth Festival is in autumn, when the seasonal beauty together.
Appreciating the Chrysanthemums 赏菊
品种繁多的菊花在秋日盛开，观赏菊花是流传已久的节日风俗).
Offering Sacrifices to the Goddess of the Sea 祭海神
Grand ceremonies are held for her on the day in China’s coastal cities including the Taiwan Region.
The God of Longevity [lɔn'dʒevəti] 寿星老 长寿的保护神
Chinese Tea 中国茶
In China, tea-drinking is part of the Chinese culture: Tea Culture. 喝茶不仅是人们生活中的一种习惯，也是待客的一种习俗). Teahouses where tea-drinkers could also 炒茶), the important part of tea processing, determines the quality of the product.
The Home of Tea 茶叶的故乡 (茶是一种植物，称茶树，它的芽叶经过加工就成了可供冲泡的茶叶). Originally a product of China, tea was exported to parts of Asia as early as some 1500 years ago, and it arrived in Europe about 400 years ago.
Varieties of Tea 茶叶的品种
['uːlɒŋ]乌龙茶, and there’re different brand names such as the Xihu Longjing 西湖龙井(West Lake Longjing Tea, green tea produced in Hangzhou, Zhejiang 浙江杭州), Biluochun 碧螺春(green tea, produced in Jiangsu Prov.江苏).
Tea Ceremony 茶艺
In the Chinese tea culture, there are certain rituals and rules to follow, either at the stage of 沏茶，敬茶，饮茶). There’s also a set of criteria for the quality of water, tea, and tea-making utensils.
中国书法绘画 Chinese calligraphy and painting
The Four Treasures of the Study 文房四宝
Wenfang 文房refers to the study for a man of letters, and the tools and materials for calligraphy and painting include 笔、墨、纸、砚), so they are jointly called “the four treasures of the study”. In addition to these, 还有笔筒、笔架、墨盒、笔洗、印章、印盒等多种书法和绘画用品).
The Writing Brush 毛笔
Writing brushes are the traditional writing tools in China, dating from 1600 BC to 1066 BC. The point of the brush is usually made with hair from animal tails and the shaft of bamboo sticks. 根据书写字体大小不同，毛笔有大、中、小号). There are also larger ones called Dou brush 斗笔or Ti brush 提笔, and the largest one is called Zha brush 揸笔.
The Ink Stick 墨（块）
In ancient China, people had to grind （[graɪnd]磨碎，碾碎） the ink stick into ink liquid and then dip the writing brush into it to write and paint. For grinding the ink stick, some fresh water should be poured into the ink slab first, then, (用墨块在砚台上顺着一个方向研磨), and gradually, the fresh water turn into ink liquid.
The Ink Slab 砚
The ink slab, as a tool for grinding ink sticks and usually made of stone, is very important to an ancient man of letters in his study. The most famous is the Duan Ink Slab 端砚produced in Zhaoqing, Guangdong Province 广东肇庆, which is called Duanzhou 端州in ancient times. (端砚质地细密柔润，研出的墨汁均匀耐用). (砚台上还能雕出精美的花纹，成为艺术珍品).
Traditional Chinese Paintings 中国画 (国画是中国传统的绘画艺术，它用中国所独有的毛笔、水墨、颜料，以特有的表现形式和艺术法则创作而成). They can be classified, according to subject matter, into landscape, flower-and-bird and figure paintings.
Landscape Paintings 山水画
Landscape paintings mainly depict natural scenery of mountains and rivers, which first came into
being in Qin Dynasty 秦代and reached a high level in Song Dynasty 宋代. 中国山水画重在抒发画家个人情感，达到情景交融的艺术境界).
Flower-and-bird Paintings 花鸟画
Flower-and-bird paintings do not only depict flowers and birds only, but also (竹石、走兽、虫鱼) as well. (画家主张通过对花鸟虫鱼的描绘，陶冶人的情操，体现作者内在的思想和追求).
Figure Paintings 人物画
Figure paintings focus particularly on the portrayal of the character’s activities, and 画家用线条勾画出人物的形态和服饰，让人感受到画中人物的神韵). Ancient China has produced many great artists of figure paintings, such as Gu Kaizhi in Jin Dynasty 晋代的顾恺之, Wu Daozi in Tang Dynasty 唐代的吴道子, Tang Bohu in Ming Dynasty 明代的唐伯虎, and so on.
New Year’s Painting 年画
年画是中国画的一种，它采用木刻套印的方法作画，内容喜庆、色彩对比强烈，是中国古老的民间美术形式). They are specially created for decoration of 它是专门为过农历新年时装饰环境、除凶辟邪而创作的). That is why they are called New Year’s paintings.
中国文物
The Terra-cotta Warriors 秦始皇陵兵马俑
秦始皇是中国封建社会的第一个皇帝。他死后，为了显示他生前的辉煌和权威，在他的墓中陪葬了许多东西). Among them were the three barracks of Terra-cotta 兵马俑阵), which have been marveled at as the “World’s Eighth Miracle” 世界第八大奇迹.
The Underground Army 地下军阵
Yong is either a human or animal figure made with clay. The Qin Shihuang’s Tomb 秦始皇陵and
its great army of Terra-Cotta Warriors — 7000 soldiers, 100 horses and 100 chariots in all, 再现了2000多年前气势宏伟，兵种齐全的军阵队形).
Dunhuang Grottoes 敦煌石窟
The Dunhuang Grottoes, (位于敦煌县东南25千米处的断崖上), are famous for his Mogao Caves 莫高窟. Now there are 492 grottoes in existence, which were constructed during the 4th century to the 10th century. Mogao Caves 莫高窟 became a treasure of the Buddhist art because of the multitude of murals and sculptures in the caves.
Cave Relief Murals 石窟壁画
(石窟内现存的壁画多达4.5万平方米，内容有佛像人物、佛经故事、古代神话及装饰图案). It took more than 1000 years to complete.
The Dunhuang Academy China 敦煌研究院 (敦煌文物曾遭到英、法、俄、日、美等国冒险家的盗取和掠夺). Many such relics can now be seen in museums and libraries throughout the world. As an effort to protect and further study the art of the Dunhuang Grottoes, China founded the Dunhuang Art Institute 敦煌艺术研究所in the 1940s, which became the pre-existence of nowadays the Dunhuang Academy China 敦煌研究院.
中国民居Chinese Folk Residence
Siheyuan (Beijing Quadrangles['kwɒdræŋg(ə)l]) 北京四合院
Siheyuan，来). Beijing Quadrangles ['kwɒdræŋg(ə)l] (周围有建筑物的)四方院子are symmetrical in design, and the inhabitants follow strict rules of hierarchy.
Cave Dwellings in Shaanxi 陕西窑洞
Cave dwellings ['ləʊɪs]cave dwelling measures seven to eight meters deep and more than three meters in breath and height respectively. The cave dwelling, thousands of years ago, is an age-old form of residence for people on the Loess Plateau. Today, there are still many people living in cave dwellings.
Brick Caves and Stone Caves 砖窑和石窑
An earth cave is turned into a brick cave , or a stone cave if reinforced with stones. Brick caves and stone caves are usually used as schools or offices. 楼房一样的多层阶梯式砖窑，外表看起来既漂亮又壮观).
Fujian Tulou 福建土楼
Tulou (earthen building) is a self-defensive folk residence built by the Hakka(客家人) living in such areas as Longyan and Zhangzhou(龙岩、漳州) in Fujian Province to protect their clans（宗族，部落）. It is usually round or square, and big enough for an entire clan.
The Ancestral Temple 祠堂
The center of a Tulou is the ancestral temple, .
Modern Private Houses 现代民居
Great changes have taken place in private houses in towns and countryside in China. Private houses in towns and cities mainly concentrate in residential districts, where people’s living environments and quality are being improved. 各地多彩的风情面貌).
A residential district composed of apartment buildings with different forms and structures has not only complete set of educational, medical and transportation set-ups(设施).
中华武术The Chinese Martial Art
The Shaolin Martial Art 少林功夫
All genres of martial arts Shaoliln, thus, in talking about the Shaolin Temple, its martial art. This kind of Shaolin kungfu, accumulated . It involves various methods of fighting techniques,
Taiji Boxing太极拳
In traditional Chinese boxing, Taiji Boxing , d.
The Origins of Taiji Boxing 太极拳源流
Ancient Chinese called the universe Taiji 太极，the Supreme Ultimate, and they explained the mechanism of boxing according to the ancient Chinese philosophy of kind of boxing began to be taught and practiced and Chen Wangting, in Wen County, Henan Province(河南温县的陈王廷), which was known as Chen Style Taiji Boxing(陈氏太极拳). Later, as it 杨氏、吴氏等流派) were developed and evolved.
中国文字The Chinese Character
The Evolution of Chinese Characters 汉字的演变
The characters of Chinese used by Chinese people ). With small changes of in writing methods since ancient times, they are used in all dialects as the common written characters. Therefore, 对中华文明的传承起到了十分重要的作用）.
The Origin of Chinese Characters 汉字的起源
In legend, there was a figure 上古时期) named Cang Jie and So he has the title of “(造字圣人) ”, as later generation . .
Standardization and Promulgation ([,promʌl'ɡeʃən] 宣传,普及) of Chinese Characters 汉字的规范与传播 , the Chinese language has two systems of standard characters in use, namely, .
The Simplified Chinese Characters 简化汉字
the Chinese government (普通话the commonly spoken Chinese). The simplification of Chinese characters involves simplifying some of the strokes on the basis of traditional characters, thus forming the simplified ones easy to write. And .
Beijing Language and Culture University (BLCU) 北京语言大学
BLCU is an international university in China recruiting students abroad, Meanwhile 以招收国外留学生为主的国际型大学，主要进行汉语和中华文化的传播和教学工作，同时承担着培养对外汉语教师以及出国预备人员的培训工作). A great number of foreign students come to the
university to study every year.
Confucius Institutes 孔子学院 语、传播中国语言文化的社会性公益学校), and their headquarters is located in Beijing. In the year of 2004, the first Confucius institute was founded in Seoul of ROK.