必修1 Unit 1 重点知识点讲解与练习
1. be good to 对……友好 例：I will be good to other people.我会善良的对待其他人.
be good for 对……有益；例①：It would be good for you to spend a holiday in the sun. 在有阳光的地方度假会给你带来很多处。例②：The Olympics will be good for business. 奥运会的召开将有利于商业的发展。
反义词组：be bad to…/be bad for…
补充词组：①be good at 擅长 ②make good 有成就；成功 ③have a good drink 喝个痛快
④as good as 实际上；几乎等于 例：Without her glasses, she was as good as blind. 不戴眼镜, 她简直和瞎子一样。 ⑤a good deal of 许多，大量 例：The hospital receives a good deal of money.
2. add up 加起来 例：Add up your score and see how many points you get? 把你的分数加起来，看看得多少？ 补充词组：①add up to 合计，总计 例：The figures add up to 270. 这些数字加起来是270。
②add… to 把……加到……例：You shouldn’t add fuel to the flame 你不应该火上加油
③add to 增加 例：Fireworks added to the attraction of the festival night. 焰火使节日的夜晚更加生色。
3. not…until/till 意思是“直到…才”，表示主句谓语所表示的动作直到until状语所表示的时间才发生，主句的谓语动词表示的是动作的开始，动词既可以是延续性的，也可以是非延续性的。例：They did not come back until eleven. 他们会在十一点后回来。I did not notice it until yesterday.我一直到昨天才注重到它。
4. get 此处为使役动词，其作为使役动词的用法如下：
(1) get +宾语+done“让……被做” ，强调被动性动作 例 He got the car started. 他发动了小汽车。
(2) get +宾语+to do “让……做某事” ，强调未来性动作 例 He got his brother to help him. 他让他的兄弟帮助他。
(3) get +宾语+doing “让……做某事” 强调正在进行的动作 例She got her bike running very fast. 她把自行车骑得飞快。
(4) get+宾语+adj./adv./prep. “使……发生” 例 Please get your tickets ready. 请准备好票。
5. upset 在此处是形容词，作补语，用来补充形容主语your friend来学校时的心情。如： He went to bed cold and hungry. Long and untidy，his hair played in the breeze.
upset adj.心烦意乱的，不安的，不适的 be upset about/over 为某事心烦、不安
vt.使不安，使心烦（upset , upset）现在分词：upsetting
It upsets sb that 让某人心烦的是 It upsets sb to do sth 做某事使某人不安
典型考题：The bad news _________me. A. nervous B. anxious C. upset D. sad
6. (1) ignore vt.=pay no attention to 不理睬；忽视
例: Don’t ignore small mistakes. They may cause big accidents.别轻视小错，它们会造成大事故。
ignorant adj. =knowing too little；lacking knowledge无知的，愚昧的；无学识的
be ignorant of /about sth. 例：The workers were in complete ignorance of the management's plans.
ignorance n. 无知，愚昧；蒙 例：There is so much ignorance about mental illness. 人们对精神疾病很不了解。 典型考题：Always by the parents， John feels sad in the heart but he doesn't show it.
A. ignoring B. ignored C. being ignored D. to be ignoring
（2）calm v. =to make sb. quiet or calm (使) 平静；（使）镇定
①calm …down使平息, 使平静 例：We tried to calm him down, but he kept crying.
②calm down平息/平静下来 例：The crying child soon calmed down.哭闹的小孩不多一会就安静下来。
adj. =not excited， worried or angry； quiet 平静的；镇静的；沉着的
典型考题：The police chief advised his men to stay and not lose tempers. A. still B. quiet C. silent D. calm 7.have got to必须，不得不 例如：Have you got to go now?你非得现在走吗？
(1)与have to 的区别:① 在表示一次性动作时，have to和 have got to 是可以互换的：I have (got) to be back by ten o’clock. 我明天不必上班。
② 但是，当表示习惯性动作时，尤其是当句中含有表示经常性的副词（如always, often, sometimes等）时，则应使用have to , 而不使用have got to: I don’t usually have to work on Sundays. I often have to get up at 5.
③ have to 与 have got to 的另一区别，就是后者不大用于过去时。
They didn’t have to worry about money. I had to walk very fast to overtake you.
④ 最后一个区别，就是have to 前可加助动词或情态动词，或者用在进行体和完成体结构中，而have got to却不能： He may have to cancel his plan. The administration has had to make unpopular decisions.
(2) have got (现在完成时)已经得到. 如:I have got the book. 我得到那本书了.
8. be concerned about关心，挂念=be worried about 例：Every teacher is concerned about his students’ study.
补充词组：①as far as sb/sth + be concerned 就某人而言，对于某人来说
例：as far as I am concerned就我而言，对于我来说 as far as English is concerned 关于英语，对于英语
②be concerned in/with 涉及到，与…有关 ③have no concern in/with 与。。。无关
典型考题：I was very concerned _________my mother's illness. A. about B. with C. of D. to
9. go on holiday 度假 be on holiday 正在休假
10.take care of 爱护，照料 take care 注意，当心
11. While walking the dog, you were careless and it got loose.
（1）当while, when, before, after 等引导的时间状语从句中的主语与主句的主语一致时，可将从句中的主语和be动词省去。
（2）walk the dog遛狗
12. take one’s end-of-term exam 参加期末考试
13. Your friend, who doesn’t work hard, asks you to help him cheat in the end-of-term exam.（非限制性定语从句）
cheat in the exam 考试作弊
14. should have done用于指本该发生而实际上未发生的情况 (含有责备的意味) 例：You should have told me so before. 你早就应该告诉我。I think they should have consulted a doctor earlier. 我认为他们早就该去看医生了。
should not have done 本来不该做某事(而实际上已做) 例：He looks upset. I _________________ _______________. (本不该告诉他这个坏消息）
高考链接：I told your friend how to get to the hotel， but perhaps I have driven her there.
A. could B. must C. might D. should
15. look at someone else’s paper 看别人的试卷
16. make a list of reasons 列举一些原因
17. （1）whom you could tell everything to, like your deepest feelings and thoughts是定语从句，修饰限定先行词a friend，而whom是关系代词作to的宾语，用来指代前面的先行词friend; 从句中运用了tell sth. to sb.意思为：告诉某人某事；
（2）like your deepest feelings and thoughts并列列举出了everything的部分内容，也可用such as替换like,表示“比如”。
18. （1）第一个or紧紧承接上文，与上文构成选择关系；第二个or用来连接两个并列谓语“would laugh at you和would not understand what you are going through”，表示选择关系,其中的“what you are going through”为understand的宾语从句；
（2）laugh at嘲笑
(3) go through ①经历，经受，遭受（尤指苦难或艰难时期）He has gone through a great deal in his life.
②仔细检查，审查They went through our luggage at the customs
③浏览，翻阅He went through all the related materials yesterday他昨晚浏览了相关资料。
④通过，穿过=pass through The river goes through the city.
⑤完成 Let's go through the task.让我们完成任务。
典型考题：The country has _________too many wars. A. gone through with B. gone through C. gone about D. gone down
19.make friends with sb.与……交朋友
20. （1）so引导的前后为因果关系；or表示“否则，要不然”；
（2）be caught by…表示“被…抓起来”；“be + 过去分词”构成被动语态。
21. （1）hide away意为“躲藏起来”。
（2）nearly意为“几乎，将近”，后跟确定的数字，而almost则表示模糊不定的概念，如：In the hall it was almost dark.大厅里几乎一片漆黑。
（3）before表示“在…以前”，用以表示从句动作发生之前的时间，译法灵活。
①强调从句动作发生在主句之前，意为“不等……就……”。例如：She was angry before I could explain to her.
②在“It＋be＋时间段＋before从句”中，意为“……之后才……”。例如：The fire lasted about four hours before the firefighters could control it.大火持续了大约四个小时，消防人员才得以控制住。
③在“It＋be＋否定形式＋long＋before从句”中，意为“……不久就……”。例如：It was not long before he told me about it.不久他就告诉了我这件事情。
④在特定的情景中，意为“趁着……”。例如：I must write it down before I forget it.趁着还没忘，我把它记下来。
22.（1）set down①记下；写下He was asked to set down the facts just as he remembered them.
②放下He set down the empty glass.
③登记You can set the telephone bill down as a business cost. 你可把电话费登记为公费。
④制定It is necessary to set down these additional rules.有必要制定这些补充规则。
补充词组：set up 建立 set off =set out 动身，出发
词组辨析：He was asked _________ the facts just as he remembered them.
We _________at 3 o'clock this morning. The government has _________a committee to inquire into the problem.
(2) a series of一系列的。例如：The post office will issue a series of new stamps.邮局将要发行一套新邮票。
(3) as引导方式状语从句，表示“像…一样”。例：He smiled and I smiled back, as you do. 他微微一笑，我也报以微笑，就这样而已。
(4)to be my friend作this diary itself的补足语。itself 在这里是it 的强调形式，作diary 的同位语。例：We won’t buy new tyres when the car itself is so old.
23. (1)I wonder if /whether…我不知是否……例：I wonder if it will rain tomorrow. /I wonder if you can help me.
(2)在it is 之后的表示原因的从句中，只能用because来引导，不能用since或as。如：Why he was punished by his teacher?---It was because he behaved so badly.
(3) outdoors adv. 在户外，作状语；而outdoor是adj.户外的，露天的，作定语。例如：① Children like to play outdoors.孩子们喜欢在户外玩耍。②He likes watching most outdoor games. 他喜欢观看大部分的室外运动项目。
(4)be/grow crazy about对…疯狂地喜欢，对…着迷。例如：He is crazy about that girl.他迷上了那位女孩。
(5)everything/something/anything to do with 与。。。有关的某事、一切 如：Henry’s job is something to do with publishing.亨利的工作与出版有关。
nothing to do with 与。。。无关 如：What he is doing is nothing to do with his work.他正在做的与他的工作无关。
24. （1）well“很, 相当”，相当于very,表示强调. 例如：①The visit had been planned well in advance.那次访问很早就计划好了。②You may well be right.很可能是你对.
（2）there was a time when…:有那么一个时期…。 例如：There was a time when I wanted to play truant.有那么一个时期我想逃学。
（3）keep +宾语+done 使„„处于被动状态 例 I can’t keep my eyes shut to all this. 对于这一切我不能熟视无睹。
spellbind vt. （spellbound, spellbound） 迷住，迷惑
spellbound adj. 入迷的；出神的。例如：The children were spellbound by the circus performance.孩子们被马戏表演迷住了。
25. （1）stay 可以作系动词来用，后面接形容词或者名词。如：The weather stayed cold all week. They stayed friends for years.
（2）on purpose故意地，有目的地。如：I sometimes think that all his supposed mistakes are made on purpose just to annoy me.我有时认为他犯的那些被信以为真的一切错误是故意为了气我。
补充短语：for the purpose of 为了……目的 with the purpose of 有……的目的
（3）in order to…:为了…, 动词不定式作目的状语，该状语可以位于句首，也可以位于句子后面，但so as to…引导的目的状语只能放在句子的后面，即so as to…不能位于句首。如：The test questions are kept secret so as to（in order to） prevent cheating. = In order to prevent cheating, the test questions are kept secret.考试题保密以防作弊。
(4) by myself独自。 如：I live by myself.我一个人生活。
26. (1)as 连词，表示“随着”。如：As she grew older, she kept more to herself.随着年龄的增长，她变得更沉默了。
(2)far 经常与too或形容词的比较级连用，意为“过于；。。。得多”如：It was far more expensive than I expected.
(3)①dare用作情态动词时后面直接加动词，即dare do，通常只用于否定句或疑问句以及if或whether之后，一般不用于肯定句 例：I daren’t tell her the news./ I don’t know whether he dare try.
注意：有时有过去式dared。如：No one dared speak of it. 没有人敢提及此事。
How dare you/he/she/they…? 表示说话人对某人的行为表示愤慨。如：How dare you ask me such a question?
I dare say 表示“我相信，我认为，可能”。如：I dare say you are right. 我认为你是对的。
②dare用作实意动词时后面要加to,即dare to do, 在疑问句或否定句中，to 经常被省略。Did anyone dare (to) admit it? 有人敢于承认吗?
He did not dare (to) leave his car there. 他不敢把车停放在那里。
If he dares to show up at her house I’ll be surprised. 如果他敢出现在她的房子里，我会感到吃惊。
注意：表示“挑衅，挑起，敢冒(险) ”等意思时，只能用作行为动词。例：I dare you to cheat me. 谅你也不敢欺骗我。
He dared me to jump over the river. 他激我跳过河。 She dared the anger of her father. 她不怕惹她父亲发火。
27. (1) happen to do碰巧;恰巧；偶然（做某事）如：I happened to be out when Tom came to visit me yesterday.
(2)at dusk黄昏，如：The street lights come on at dusk and go off at dawn.路灯在黄昏时开, 拂晓时关。
（3）sb. happened to do sth. when ….某人碰巧在做某事的时候，突然…。
28.in one’s power 处于……的控制之中
I have got him in my power. I can ask him to do anything I want. 我控制了他，我可以让他为我做任何事。
29.强调句型的构成：it is/was…+被强调部分+that+ 其他成分
①It was at 8 o'clock _____ I went back home last night. A. that B. when C. which D. what
②__________you missed such a fine lecture？A. How it was that B. It was how that C. How was it that D. Was it how that ③I just wonder _______ that makes you so excited.A. why it does B. what he does C. how it is D. what it is
高考链接：It was not until she got home __ Mary realized she had lost her keys. A. that B. when C. where D. before
(1)It is the first/second/third… time that sb. had done sth.某人第一次/二次/三次…做某事。如：It is the first time that I has come to Wenzhou.
(2) It was the first/second/third… time that sb. had done sth如:It was the third time that she had come to this mountain village to see the children.
(3) face to face面对面地 (在句中作状语) face-to-face a.面对面的 (作定语)
类似的还有：heart to heart 坦诚地 shoulder to shoulder 肩并肩地 back to back 背对背地
30.hanging before very dusty windows是现在分词作定语修饰前面的名词curtains,该分词与所修饰的名词之间的逻辑关系是主谓关系。如：
(09赣-34) The government plans to bring in new laws ____ parents to take more responsibility for the education of their children.
A. forced B. forcing C. to be forced D. having forced
(09浙-7) There is a great deal of evidence _____ that music activities engage different parts of the brain.
A. indicate B. indicating C. to indicate D. to be indicating
31. (1)looking through these any longer是动名词短语作主语，句首的it是形式主语,表语常用名词或形容词。如：It is no use talking to him./It’s nice seeing you again.
(2) look through①仔细检查〔审查〕(某物)，例如：I'll look your suggestion through before passing it to the committee.我要先
审查一下你的建议然后再送交委员会。
②对(某人)视而不见，例如：I said good morning but she looked me straight through and walked on.我对她道了声早安, 可她却视而不见径直走了过去。
③穿过„看，例如：I looked through a telescope.我用望远镜看东西。
④看穿〔识破〕(某人或某事)= see through，例如：I have looked through the man; he hasn't any real learning.我已看透那个人了, 他没有一点真才实学。
(3) no longer/ not …any longer不再。。。
32.settle vi. ①安家；定居 例：He settled in Vienna after her father’s death.
②停留;降落 例：Two birds settled on the fence.
vt.①使定居
②安排 Everything's settled. We leave on the nine o'clock flight on Friday.
③解决We didn't speak to each other for years, but we've settled our differences now.
补充短语：settle down ①舒适的坐下或躺下 I settled down with a book.
②(在某地)定居下来 过安定的生活 When are you going to get married and settle down?
33. suffer vi. & vt. ①suffer 作“遭受”时，后面直接接pain, loss, injury, harm或 punishment. 例：Our troops suffered heavy
losses.我军伤亡惨重。
②suffer 作“受…苦”时，常常搭配：suffer from 例：Mary often suffers from headaches.
suffer for sth. 为……而遭受 例：He made a rash decision and now he's suffering for it.
典型考题：Our business has suffered _________lack of investment. A. in B. of C. from D. on
34.recover vi.& vt. 痊愈；恢复；重新获得 例：He is recovering from a knee injury. 他的膝伤正在康复。Police searched five houses in south-east London and recovered stolen goods.
35.get/be tired of sth. / doing sth. 对。。。厌烦be tired with 对…到疲倦
例：You may be tired with reading, but you should not be tired of it.你也许对阅读感到疲倦，但是你不应当对它感到厌倦。
36.pack (sth. )up 将（东西）装箱打包
37. with+名词/代词(宾格)+分词/形容词/介词短语/不定式/副词在句中常作伴随状语。动词形式的选择取决于宾语同动词之间的逻辑关系。例：The murderer was brought in, with his hands tied behind his back.
38. have trouble with sb.和某人相处有麻烦，和某人有纠纷have trouble with sth.做某事有麻烦
39.get along with sb./sth.与。。。相处；进展 40.fall in love （with sb.） 相爱；爱上
41. make 后接复合宾语，宾语补足语须用不带to 的不定式、形容词、过去分词、名词等。常见的有以下几种形式: ①make sb. do sth.让(使)某人做某事。He was made to repeat it.(注意在被动句中，不定式前要加to)
②make sb. /sth. +adj.使某人/物…We should do our best to make our country stronger and more beautiful.
③make sb./ oneself +v-ed 让某人/自己被…When you speak, you should make yourself understood.
④ make sb.+n. 使某人成为…We made him leader of our team. (注意表示职位的名词前不加冠词)
⑤ make it n. /adj.+(for sb.) to do sth. He made it easy for us to understand the text.
I would be grateful if…?委婉客气提出请求 43.join意为“参加（某组织），加入（某处任职），参加到某个人群中去，从而成为其中一员”。例如： She joined a health club. 她参加了一个健身俱乐部。
join in sth. / doing sth.意为“参加”，后面接的宾语一般是表示竞赛、娱乐、游戏等活动的名词或V-ing。例如： Can I join in the game? 我可以参加这个游戏吗？ They all join in singing the song. 他们一起唱这首歌。
44.have trouble in doing sth.做某事有困难 45.swap sth. with sb. 与某人交换某物
46.tip vt. 倾斜；翻倒The north pole is slightly tipped towards the sun. 北极略微向太阳倾斜。
必修1 Unit 1 重点知识点讲解与练习
1. be good to 对……友好 例：I will be good to other people.我会善良的对待其他人.
be good for 对……有益；例①：It would be good for you to spend a holiday in the sun. 在有阳光的地方度假会给你带来很多处。例②：The Olympics will be good for business. 奥运会的召开将有利于商业的发展。
反义词组：be bad to…/be bad for…
补充词组：①be good at 擅长 ②make good 有成就；成功 ③have a good drink 喝个痛快
④as good as 实际上；几乎等于 例：Without her glasses, she was as good as blind. 不戴眼镜, 她简直和瞎子一样。 ⑤a good deal of 许多，大量 例：The hospital receives a good deal of money.
2. add up 加起来 例：Add up your score and see how many points you get? 把你的分数加起来，看看得多少？ 补充词组：①add up to 合计，总计 例：The figures add up to 270. 这些数字加起来是270。
②add… to 把……加到……例：You shouldn’t add fuel to the flame 你不应该火上加油
③add to 增加 例：Fireworks added to the attraction of the festival night. 焰火使节日的夜晚更加生色。
3. not…until/till 意思是“直到…才”，表示主句谓语所表示的动作直到until状语所表示的时间才发生，主句的谓语动词表示的是动作的开始，动词既可以是延续性的，也可以是非延续性的。例：They did not come back until eleven. 他们会在十一点后回来。I did not notice it until yesterday.我一直到昨天才注重到它。
4. get 此处为使役动词，其作为使役动词的用法如下：
(1) get +宾语+done“让……被做” ，强调被动性动作 例 He got the car started. 他发动了小汽车。
(2) get +宾语+to do “让……做某事” ，强调未来性动作 例 He got his brother to help him. 他让他的兄弟帮助他。
(3) get +宾语+doing “让……做某事” 强调正在进行的动作 例She got her bike running very fast. 她把自行车骑得飞快。
(4) get+宾语+adj./adv./prep. “使……发生” 例 Please get your tickets ready. 请准备好票。
5. upset 在此处是形容词，作补语，用来补充形容主语your friend来学校时的心情。如： He went to bed cold and hungry. Long and untidy，his hair played in the breeze.
upset adj.心烦意乱的，不安的，不适的 be upset about/over 为某事心烦、不安
vt.使不安，使心烦（upset , upset）现在分词：upsetting
It upsets sb that 让某人心烦的是 It upsets sb to do sth 做某事使某人不安
典型考题：The bad news _________me. A. nervous B. anxious C. upset D. sad
6. (1) ignore vt.=pay no attention to 不理睬；忽视
例: Don’t ignore small mistakes. They may cause big accidents.别轻视小错，它们会造成大事故。
ignorant adj. =knowing too little；lacking knowledge无知的，愚昧的；无学识的
be ignorant of /about sth. 例：The workers were in complete ignorance of the management's plans.
ignorance n. 无知，愚昧；蒙 例：There is so much ignorance about mental illness. 人们对精神疾病很不了解。 典型考题：Always by the parents， John feels sad in the heart but he doesn't show it.
A. ignoring B. ignored C. being ignored D. to be ignoring
（2）calm v. =to make sb. quiet or calm (使) 平静；（使）镇定
①calm …down使平息, 使平静 例：We tried to calm him down, but he kept crying.
②calm down平息/平静下来 例：The crying child soon calmed down.哭闹的小孩不多一会就安静下来。
adj. =not excited， worried or angry； quiet 平静的；镇静的；沉着的
典型考题：The police chief advised his men to stay and not lose tempers. A. still B. quiet C. silent D. calm 7.have got to必须，不得不 例如：Have you got to go now?你非得现在走吗？
(1)与have to 的区别:① 在表示一次性动作时，have to和 have got to 是可以互换的：I have (got) to be back by ten o’clock. 我明天不必上班。
② 但是，当表示习惯性动作时，尤其是当句中含有表示经常性的副词（如always, often, sometimes等）时，则应使用have to , 而不使用have got to: I don’t usually have to work on Sundays. I often have to get up at 5.
③ have to 与 have got to 的另一区别，就是后者不大用于过去时。
They didn’t have to worry about money. I had to walk very fast to overtake you.
④ 最后一个区别，就是have to 前可加助动词或情态动词，或者用在进行体和完成体结构中，而have got to却不能： He may have to cancel his plan. The administration has had to make unpopular decisions.
(2) have got (现在完成时)已经得到. 如:I have got the book. 我得到那本书了.
8. be concerned about关心，挂念=be worried about 例：Every teacher is concerned about his students’ study.
补充词组：①as far as sb/sth + be concerned 就某人而言，对于某人来说
例：as far as I am concerned就我而言，对于我来说 as far as English is concerned 关于英语，对于英语
②be concerned in/with 涉及到，与…有关 ③have no concern in/with 与。。。无关
典型考题：I was very concerned _________my mother's illness. A. about B. with C. of D. to
9. go on holiday 度假 be on holiday 正在休假
10.take care of 爱护，照料 take care 注意，当心
11. While walking the dog, you were careless and it got loose.
（1）当while, when, before, after 等引导的时间状语从句中的主语与主句的主语一致时，可将从句中的主语和be动词省去。
（2）walk the dog遛狗
12. take one’s end-of-term exam 参加期末考试
13. Your friend, who doesn’t work hard, asks you to help him cheat in the end-of-term exam.（非限制性定语从句）
cheat in the exam 考试作弊
14. should have done用于指本该发生而实际上未发生的情况 (含有责备的意味) 例：You should have told me so before. 你早就应该告诉我。I think they should have consulted a doctor earlier. 我认为他们早就该去看医生了。
should not have done 本来不该做某事(而实际上已做) 例：He looks upset. I _________________ _______________. (本不该告诉他这个坏消息）
高考链接：I told your friend how to get to the hotel， but perhaps I have driven her there.
A. could B. must C. might D. should
15. look at someone else’s paper 看别人的试卷
16. make a list of reasons 列举一些原因
17. （1）whom you could tell everything to, like your deepest feelings and thoughts是定语从句，修饰限定先行词a friend，而whom是关系代词作to的宾语，用来指代前面的先行词friend; 从句中运用了tell sth. to sb.意思为：告诉某人某事；
（2）like your deepest feelings and thoughts并列列举出了everything的部分内容，也可用such as替换like,表示“比如”。
18. （1）第一个or紧紧承接上文，与上文构成选择关系；第二个or用来连接两个并列谓语“would laugh at you和would not understand what you are going through”，表示选择关系,其中的“what you are going through”为understand的宾语从句；
（2）laugh at嘲笑
(3) go through ①经历，经受，遭受（尤指苦难或艰难时期）He has gone through a great deal in his life.
②仔细检查，审查They went through our luggage at the customs
③浏览，翻阅He went through all the related materials yesterday他昨晚浏览了相关资料。
④通过，穿过=pass through The river goes through the city.
⑤完成 Let's go through the task.让我们完成任务。
典型考题：The country has _________too many wars. A. gone through with B. gone through C. gone about D. gone down
19.make friends with sb.与……交朋友
20. （1）so引导的前后为因果关系；or表示“否则，要不然”；
（2）be caught by…表示“被…抓起来”；“be + 过去分词”构成被动语态。
21. （1）hide away意为“躲藏起来”。
（2）nearly意为“几乎，将近”，后跟确定的数字，而almost则表示模糊不定的概念，如：In the hall it was almost dark.大厅里几乎一片漆黑。
（3）before表示“在…以前”，用以表示从句动作发生之前的时间，译法灵活。
①强调从句动作发生在主句之前，意为“不等……就……”。例如：She was angry before I could explain to her.
②在“It＋be＋时间段＋before从句”中，意为“……之后才……”。例如：The fire lasted about four hours before the firefighters could control it.大火持续了大约四个小时，消防人员才得以控制住。
③在“It＋be＋否定形式＋long＋before从句”中，意为“……不久就……”。例如：It was not long before he told me about it.不久他就告诉了我这件事情。
④在特定的情景中，意为“趁着……”。例如：I must write it down before I forget it.趁着还没忘，我把它记下来。
22.（1）set down①记下；写下He was asked to set down the facts just as he remembered them.
②放下He set down the empty glass.
③登记You can set the telephone bill down as a business cost. 你可把电话费登记为公费。
④制定It is necessary to set down these additional rules.有必要制定这些补充规则。
补充词组：set up 建立 set off =set out 动身，出发
词组辨析：He was asked _________ the facts just as he remembered them.
We _________at 3 o'clock this morning. The government has _________a committee to inquire into the problem.
(2) a series of一系列的。例如：The post office will issue a series of new stamps.邮局将要发行一套新邮票。
(3) as引导方式状语从句，表示“像…一样”。例：He smiled and I smiled back, as you do. 他微微一笑，我也报以微笑，就这样而已。
(4)to be my friend作this diary itself的补足语。itself 在这里是it 的强调形式，作diary 的同位语。例：We won’t buy new tyres when the car itself is so old.
23. (1)I wonder if /whether…我不知是否……例：I wonder if it will rain tomorrow. /I wonder if you can help me.
(2)在it is 之后的表示原因的从句中，只能用because来引导，不能用since或as。如：Why he was punished by his teacher?---It was because he behaved so badly.
(3) outdoors adv. 在户外，作状语；而outdoor是adj.户外的，露天的，作定语。例如：① Children like to play outdoors.孩子们喜欢在户外玩耍。②He likes watching most outdoor games. 他喜欢观看大部分的室外运动项目。
(4)be/grow crazy about对…疯狂地喜欢，对…着迷。例如：He is crazy about that girl.他迷上了那位女孩。
(5)everything/something/anything to do with 与。。。有关的某事、一切 如：Henry’s job is something to do with publishing.亨利的工作与出版有关。
nothing to do with 与。。。无关 如：What he is doing is nothing to do with his work.他正在做的与他的工作无关。
24. （1）well“很, 相当”，相当于very,表示强调. 例如：①The visit had been planned well in advance.那次访问很早就计划好了。②You may well be right.很可能是你对.
（2）there was a time when…:有那么一个时期…。 例如：There was a time when I wanted to play truant.有那么一个时期我想逃学。
（3）keep +宾语+done 使„„处于被动状态 例 I can’t keep my eyes shut to all this. 对于这一切我不能熟视无睹。
spellbind vt. （spellbound, spellbound） 迷住，迷惑
spellbound adj. 入迷的；出神的。例如：The children were spellbound by the circus performance.孩子们被马戏表演迷住了。
25. （1）stay 可以作系动词来用，后面接形容词或者名词。如：The weather stayed cold all week. They stayed friends for years.
（2）on purpose故意地，有目的地。如：I sometimes think that all his supposed mistakes are made on purpose just to annoy me.我有时认为他犯的那些被信以为真的一切错误是故意为了气我。
补充短语：for the purpose of 为了……目的 with the purpose of 有……的目的
（3）in order to…:为了…, 动词不定式作目的状语，该状语可以位于句首，也可以位于句子后面，但so as to…引导的目的状语只能放在句子的后面，即so as to…不能位于句首。如：The test questions are kept secret so as to（in order to） prevent cheating. = In order to prevent cheating, the test questions are kept secret.考试题保密以防作弊。
(4) by myself独自。 如：I live by myself.我一个人生活。
26. (1)as 连词，表示“随着”。如：As she grew older, she kept more to herself.随着年龄的增长，她变得更沉默了。
(2)far 经常与too或形容词的比较级连用，意为“过于；。。。得多”如：It was far more expensive than I expected.
(3)①dare用作情态动词时后面直接加动词，即dare do，通常只用于否定句或疑问句以及if或whether之后，一般不用于肯定句 例：I daren’t tell her the news./ I don’t know whether he dare try.
注意：有时有过去式dared。如：No one dared speak of it. 没有人敢提及此事。
How dare you/he/she/they…? 表示说话人对某人的行为表示愤慨。如：How dare you ask me such a question?
I dare say 表示“我相信，我认为，可能”。如：I dare say you are right. 我认为你是对的。
②dare用作实意动词时后面要加to,即dare to do, 在疑问句或否定句中，to 经常被省略。Did anyone dare (to) admit it? 有人敢于承认吗?
He did not dare (to) leave his car there. 他不敢把车停放在那里。
If he dares to show up at her house I’ll be surprised. 如果他敢出现在她的房子里，我会感到吃惊。
注意：表示“挑衅，挑起，敢冒(险) ”等意思时，只能用作行为动词。例：I dare you to cheat me. 谅你也不敢欺骗我。
He dared me to jump over the river. 他激我跳过河。 She dared the anger of her father. 她不怕惹她父亲发火。
27. (1) happen to do碰巧;恰巧；偶然（做某事）如：I happened to be out when Tom came to visit me yesterday.
(2)at dusk黄昏，如：The street lights come on at dusk and go off at dawn.路灯在黄昏时开, 拂晓时关。
（3）sb. happened to do sth. when ….某人碰巧在做某事的时候，突然…。
28.in one’s power 处于……的控制之中
I have got him in my power. I can ask him to do anything I want. 我控制了他，我可以让他为我做任何事。
29.强调句型的构成：it is/was…+被强调部分+that+ 其他成分
①It was at 8 o'clock _____ I went back home last night. A. that B. when C. which D. what
②__________you missed such a fine lecture？A. How it was that B. It was how that C. How was it that D. Was it how that ③I just wonder _______ that makes you so excited.A. why it does B. what he does C. how it is D. what it is
高考链接：It was not until she got home __ Mary realized she had lost her keys. A. that B. when C. where D. before
(1)It is the first/second/third… time that sb. had done sth.某人第一次/二次/三次…做某事。如：It is the first time that I has come to Wenzhou.
(2) It was the first/second/third… time that sb. had done sth如:It was the third time that she had come to this mountain village to see the children.
(3) face to face面对面地 (在句中作状语) face-to-face a.面对面的 (作定语)
类似的还有：heart to heart 坦诚地 shoulder to shoulder 肩并肩地 back to back 背对背地
30.hanging before very dusty windows是现在分词作定语修饰前面的名词curtains,该分词与所修饰的名词之间的逻辑关系是主谓关系。如：
(09赣-34) The government plans to bring in new laws ____ parents to take more responsibility for the education of their children.
A. forced B. forcing C. to be forced D. having forced
(09浙-7) There is a great deal of evidence _____ that music activities engage different parts of the brain.
A. indicate B. indicating C. to indicate D. to be indicating
31. (1)looking through these any longer是动名词短语作主语，句首的it是形式主语,表语常用名词或形容词。如：It is no use talking to him./It’s nice seeing you again.
(2) look through①仔细检查〔审查〕(某物)，例如：I'll look your suggestion through before passing it to the committee.我要先
审查一下你的建议然后再送交委员会。
②对(某人)视而不见，例如：I said good morning but she looked me straight through and walked on.我对她道了声早安, 可她却视而不见径直走了过去。
③穿过„看，例如：I looked through a telescope.我用望远镜看东西。
④看穿〔识破〕(某人或某事)= see through，例如：I have looked through the man; he hasn't any real learning.我已看透那个人了, 他没有一点真才实学。
(3) no longer/ not …any longer不再。。。
32.settle vi. ①安家；定居 例：He settled in Vienna after her father’s death.
②停留;降落 例：Two birds settled on the fence.
vt.①使定居
②安排 Everything's settled. We leave on the nine o'clock flight on Friday.
③解决We didn't speak to each other for years, but we've settled our differences now.
补充短语：settle down ①舒适的坐下或躺下 I settled down with a book.
②(在某地)定居下来 过安定的生活 When are you going to get married and settle down?
33. suffer vi. & vt. ①suffer 作“遭受”时，后面直接接pain, loss, injury, harm或 punishment. 例：Our troops suffered heavy
losses.我军伤亡惨重。
②suffer 作“受…苦”时，常常搭配：suffer from 例：Mary often suffers from headaches.
suffer for sth. 为……而遭受 例：He made a rash decision and now he's suffering for it.
典型考题：Our business has suffered _________lack of investment. A. in B. of C. from D. on
34.recover vi.& vt. 痊愈；恢复；重新获得 例：He is recovering from a knee injury. 他的膝伤正在康复。Police searched five houses in south-east London and recovered stolen goods.
35.get/be tired of sth. / doing sth. 对。。。厌烦be tired with 对…到疲倦
例：You may be tired with reading, but you should not be tired of it.你也许对阅读感到疲倦，但是你不应当对它感到厌倦。
36.pack (sth. )up 将（东西）装箱打包
37. with+名词/代词(宾格)+分词/形容词/介词短语/不定式/副词在句中常作伴随状语。动词形式的选择取决于宾语同动词之间的逻辑关系。例：The murderer was brought in, with his hands tied behind his back.
38. have trouble with sb.和某人相处有麻烦，和某人有纠纷have trouble with sth.做某事有麻烦
39.get along with sb./sth.与。。。相处；进展 40.fall in love （with sb.） 相爱；爱上
41. make 后接复合宾语，宾语补足语须用不带to 的不定式、形容词、过去分词、名词等。常见的有以下几种形式: ①make sb. do sth.让(使)某人做某事。He was made to repeat it.(注意在被动句中，不定式前要加to)
②make sb. /sth. +adj.使某人/物…We should do our best to make our country stronger and more beautiful.
③make sb./ oneself +v-ed 让某人/自己被…When you speak, you should make yourself understood.
④ make sb.+n. 使某人成为…We made him leader of our team. (注意表示职位的名词前不加冠词)
⑤ make it n. /adj.+(for sb.) to do sth. He made it easy for us to understand the text.
I would be grateful if…?委婉客气提出请求 43.join意为“参加（某组织），加入（某处任职），参加到某个人群中去，从而成为其中一员”。例如： She joined a health club. 她参加了一个健身俱乐部。
join in sth. / doing sth.意为“参加”，后面接的宾语一般是表示竞赛、娱乐、游戏等活动的名词或V-ing。例如： Can I join in the game? 我可以参加这个游戏吗？ They all join in singing the song. 他们一起唱这首歌。
44.have trouble in doing sth.做某事有困难 45.swap sth. with sb. 与某人交换某物
46.tip vt. 倾斜；翻倒The north pole is slightly tipped towards the sun. 北极略微向太阳倾斜。