沧州职业技术学院毕业论文
一、毕业论文资料的组成
包括：封面 评语及成绩 任务书 开题报告 中文摘要 目录 正文 参考文献 致谢 附录等。其中前四项都有具体的表格。见后边。2、3两项有指导教师填写，其他内容有同学们完成。
二、毕业论文的格式要求
统一采用A4纸张打印，打印格式如下： 1、页面设置
页边距：上3.2cm ，下2.8cm，左右空 2.5cm（靠装订线一侧增加 0.5cm 空白用语装订），页眉2.2cm ，页脚2.0cm；行间距20磅。
2、字体和字号
（1）章标题：小三号黑体、20磅行距，段前后30磅，居中。
一级标题（1.1 ）四号黑体、20磅行距、段前18磅、段后12磅，左对齐。 二级标题（1.1.1）13磅黑体、20磅行距、段前后12磅，左对齐。 三级标题（1.1.1.1）小四号黑体、20磅行距、段前后6磅、左对齐。 （2）小标题、正文
正文：宋体、小四、20磅行距、两端对齐、首行缩进2字符
正文中的小标题：与正文相同，标题中的数字采用黑体，序号后不空。括号采用英文状态下的半角字符括号。
页眉、页码：页眉为“沧州职业技术学院毕业论文”，宋体、五号、居中排列；页码居页面底端居中，页眉页码均从目录后开始设置。
3、图、表、公式序号统一采用1-1、2-2等字样
4、公式应居中书写，要求使用公式编辑器编写。长公式应选择合适的位置换行。 5、插图应制作美观，与正文呼应，凡自行设计的图（如流程图），必须组合成一幅图片。图注与说明用小五号宋体字，线条应主辅分明，主线用1磅。辅线用0.5磅。
6、参考文献
期刊—著者、题名、期刊名称、出版年，卷号，起始页码。 书籍—著者、书名、版次、出版地、出版者、出版年、起始页码。
以下为附录内容可从我院网站下载：
沧州职业技术学院毕业论文
I
题 目
2012届 系 专 业__________________ 学 号__________________ 学生姓名__________________ 指导教师__________________
完成日期 2012年5月23日
毕业论文任务书
II
沧州职业技术学院毕业论文
毕业论文开题报告
III
开题报告中有关内容的解释，请同学们根据自己的理解完成。
IV
沧州职业技术学院毕业论文
1、立论依据
学生根据指导教师下达的任务书要求，搜集、查阅有关文献资料，阐明所选课题在所属领域的发展现状，进行研究的价值和意义，并说明本课题的重点、难点和特色。 2、预期达到的目标：
说明拟设计或论述的主要内容，拟提交的成果形式 3、研究方案：
说明为实现设计目的涉及到的理论基础、拟采用的方案及方法步骤 4、进度计划：
将论文任务进行分解，并进行合理的阶段时间安排，定出个阶段的成果形式，以便顺利的完成论文和利于老师的检查和指导。
附：参考论文实例
V
摘 要
以浓H2SO4为催化剂、硅胶为吸水剂(S)进行丙烯酸(AA)和Span80的酯化反应，合成聚合型乳化剂Span80丙烯酸酯。考察了催化剂用量、反应温度、吸水剂用量等反应条件对酯化反应酯化率的影响，确定了…….，实验结果表明，…………。
关键词增稠剂；Span80；丙烯酸；聚合型乳化剂；反相乳液
VI
沧州职业技术学院毕业论文
目 录
摘 要 ··································································································································· I 第1章 绪 论 ·················································································································· 1 1.1 前言 ························································································································· 1 1.2 增稠剂的分类 ········································································································· 1 1.2.1 天然增稠剂 ······································································································ 1 1.2.2 乳化增稠剂 ······································································································ 1 1.2.3 合成增稠剂 ······································································································ 1 1.3 聚丙烯酸类增稠剂及其增稠机理 ········································································· 1 1.3.1 聚丙烯酸类增稠剂 ·························································································· 1 1.3.2 增稠机理 ········································································ 错误！未定义书签。 1.4 增稠剂的研究和应用现状 ··················································· 错误！未定义书签。 1.5 本课题的提出及主要研究内容 ··········································· 错误！未定义书签。 1.5.1 Span80丙烯酸酯的合成 ··············································· 错误！未定义书签。 1.5.2 反相乳液乳化体系的选择 ············································ 错误！未定义书签。 1.5.3 反相乳液聚合反应制备印花增稠剂 ···························· 错误！未定义书签。 1.5.4 印花增稠剂的性能考察 ················································ 错误！未定义书签。 第2章 Span80丙烯酸酯的合成 ···················································································· 2 2.1 实验部分 ··············································································· 错误！未定义书签。 2.1.1 实验原料 ········································································ 错误！未定义书签。 2.1.2 实验仪器 ········································································ 错误！未定义书签。 2.1.3 实验方法 ········································································ 错误！未定义书签。 2.2 结果与讨论 ··········································································· 错误！未定义书签。 2.2.1 酯化产物的红外光谱分析 ············································ 错误！未定义书签。 2.2.2 催化剂用量对酯化反应的影响 ···································· 错误！未定义书签。 2.2.3 吸水剂用量对酯化反应的影响 ···································· 错误！未定义书签。 2.2.4 反应温度对酯化反应的影响 ········································ 错误！未定义书签。 2.2.5 酯化反应动力学模型和表观活化能 ···························· 错误！未定义书签。 2.3 本章小结 ··············································································· 错误！未定义书签。 第3章 反相乳液乳化体系的选择 ················································ 错误！未定义书签。 3.1 实验部分 ··············································································· 错误！未定义书签。
VII
3.1.1 实验原料 ········································································ 错误！未定义书签。 3.1.2 实验仪器 ········································································ 错误！未定义书签。 3.1.3 实验方法 ········································································ 错误！未定义书签。 3.2 结果与讨论 ··········································································· 错误！未定义书签。 3.2.1 可聚合乳化剂HLB值计算 ·········································· 错误！未定义书签。 3.2.2 可聚合乳化剂乳化效果的考察 ···································· 错误！未定义书签。 3.2.3 乳化剂复配后乳化效果的考察 ···································· 错误！未定义书签。 3.2.4 乳化剂用量对乳液稳定性的影响 ································ 错误！未定义书签。 3.2.5 水相体积分数对乳液类型及稳定性的影响 ················ 错误！未定义书签。 3.2.6 单体浓度对乳液体系的影响 ········································ 错误！未定义书签。 3.3 本章小结 ··············································································· 错误！未定义书签。 第4章 反相乳液聚合反应制备印花增稠剂 ································ 错误！未定义书签。 4.1 实验部分 ··············································································· 错误！未定义书签。 4.1.1 实验原料 ········································································ 错误！未定义书签。 4.1.2 实验仪器 ········································································ 错误！未定义书签。 4.1.3 实验方法 ········································································ 错误！未定义书签。 4.2 结果与讨论 ··········································································· 错误！未定义书签。 4.2.1 反应时间对聚合转化率的影响 ···································· 错误！未定义书签。 4.2.2 反应体系浓度对增稠剂性能的影响 ···························· 错误！未定义书签。 4.2.3 引发剂用量及反应温度对增稠剂性能的影响 ············ 错误！未定义书签。 4.3 本章小结 ··············································································· 错误！未定义书签。 第5章 印花增稠剂的性能影响因素 ············································ 错误！未定义书签。 5.1 实验部分 ··············································································· 错误！未定义书签。 5.1.1 实验药品 ········································································ 错误！未定义书签。 5.1.2 实验仪器和设备 ···························································· 错误！未定义书签。 5.1.3 实验方法 ········································································ 错误！未定义书签。 5.2 结果与讨论 ··········································································· 错误！未定义书签。 5.2.1 增稠剂用量、pH值对增稠剂性能的影响 ·················· 错误！未定义书签。 5.2.2 增稠剂的抗电解质性及流变特性 ································ 错误！未定义书签。 5.3 本章小结 ··············································································· 错误！未定义书签。 结 论 ································································································ 错误！未定义书签。 参考文献 ······························································································································ 3 致 谢 ·································································································································· 4
VIII
沧州职业技术学院毕业论文
第1章 绪 论
1.1 前 言
1974年美国北部农业研究人员首先利用聚丙烯腈接枝淀粉水解法制取高吸水性树脂后，
[1]
1.2 增稠剂的分类
增稠剂按其来源可分为天然增稠剂，乳化增稠剂和化学合成增稠剂三大类[10]。
1.2.1 天然增稠剂
天然增稠剂主要包括
1.2.2 乳化增稠剂
乳化增稠剂是
1.2.3 合成增稠剂
合成增稠剂根据聚合物的组成不同大致可以分为两种类型[18~20]：非离子型乳化增稠剂和阴离子型增稠剂。 1.2.3.1 非离子型乳化增稠剂
非离子型乳化增稠剂是 1.2.3.2 阴离子型增稠剂
阴离子型增稠剂
1.3 聚丙烯酸类增稠剂及其增稠机理
1.3.1 聚丙烯酸类增稠剂
聚丙烯酸类聚合物增稠剂是近年来发展起来的一类高效增稠剂，1953年，
1
第2章 Span80丙烯酸酯的合成
在乳液聚合反应中，乳化剂起着非常重要的作用，但传统乳化剂在具有优良性
2
参考文献
[1]
[2]
[3] 于善普. 丙烯酸系增稠剂的合成、聚合动力学及性能研究. [上海大学博士论文]. 2000: 1 马瑞波. 丙烯酸酯类增稠剂增稠稳定性的研究. 河北省科学院学报, 2001, 18(1): 51-53 R. BURGOS, F. CONCHA. Further Development of Software for the Design and Simulation of
Industrial Thickeners. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2005, 111(2-3): 135-144
[4]
[5] 董艳春, 沈一丁. 涂料印花增稠剂的研究概况及发展趋势. 印染助剂, 2006, 23(10): 11-14 N. DECOURCELLE, S. LUBBERS, N. VALLET, etal. Effect of Thickeners and Sweeteners on
the Release of Blended Aroma Compounds in Fat-free Stirred Yoghurt during Shear Conditions. International Dairy Journal, 2004, 14(9): 783-789
[6]
[7]
[8]
[9] 余一鄂. 涂料印染技术. 北京: 中国纺织出版社, 2003 杜振霞, 刘宏, 张艳. 纺织增稠剂结构分析. 印染助剂, 2005, 22(12): 36-38 李跃革, 贾信. FS-80活性染料增稠剂在平网印花机上的应用. 印染, 2005(10): 37-38 陈慧. 双变性淀粉制备及其在食品工业中应用. 粮食与油脂, 2006(1): 13-14
[10] 赵子军, 翁志学. 活性染料印花糊料研究进展. 精细石油化工, 2002(1): 53-56
致 谢
三年时光飞逝，大学学习阶段即将结束。掩卷沉思，一张张亲切的面孔浮现在眼前。
首先感谢我的导师XXX老师。在此认真地说一声，“老师，您辛苦了!”。 王老师为人和蔼，学识渊博，有着认真细致的教学态度和缜密严谨的治学精神。在我的课题完成期间，课题的选择，实验方案的确定、实施，论文的撰写与修改等等，每一步都倾注了王老师大量的心血！王老师以他独特的见解和广博的知识，给了我极大的帮助，谨向老师致以最崇高的敬意和最诚挚的谢意!
感谢
最后感谢各位评审专家。感谢您们抽出宝贵时间审阅我的论文，恳请各位专家给予批评指正!（根据自己情况撰写）
沧州职业技术学院毕业论文
一、毕业论文资料的组成
包括：封面 评语及成绩 任务书 开题报告 中文摘要 目录 正文 参考文献 致谢 附录等。其中前四项都有具体的表格。见后边。2、3两项有指导教师填写，其他内容有同学们完成。
二、毕业论文的格式要求
统一采用A4纸张打印，打印格式如下： 1、页面设置
页边距：上3.2cm ，下2.8cm，左右空 2.5cm（靠装订线一侧增加 0.5cm 空白用语装订），页眉2.2cm ，页脚2.0cm；行间距20磅。
2、字体和字号
（1）章标题：小三号黑体、20磅行距，段前后30磅，居中。
一级标题（1.1 ）四号黑体、20磅行距、段前18磅、段后12磅，左对齐。 二级标题（1.1.1）13磅黑体、20磅行距、段前后12磅，左对齐。 三级标题（1.1.1.1）小四号黑体、20磅行距、段前后6磅、左对齐。 （2）小标题、正文
正文：宋体、小四、20磅行距、两端对齐、首行缩进2字符
正文中的小标题：与正文相同，标题中的数字采用黑体，序号后不空。括号采用英文状态下的半角字符括号。
页眉、页码：页眉为“沧州职业技术学院毕业论文”，宋体、五号、居中排列；页码居页面底端居中，页眉页码均从目录后开始设置。
3、图、表、公式序号统一采用1-1、2-2等字样
4、公式应居中书写，要求使用公式编辑器编写。长公式应选择合适的位置换行。 5、插图应制作美观，与正文呼应，凡自行设计的图（如流程图），必须组合成一幅图片。图注与说明用小五号宋体字，线条应主辅分明，主线用1磅。辅线用0.5磅。
6、参考文献
期刊—著者、题名、期刊名称、出版年，卷号，起始页码。 书籍—著者、书名、版次、出版地、出版者、出版年、起始页码。
以下为附录内容可从我院网站下载：
沧州职业技术学院毕业论文
I
题 目
2012届 系 专 业__________________ 学 号__________________ 学生姓名__________________ 指导教师__________________
完成日期 2012年5月23日
毕业论文任务书
II
沧州职业技术学院毕业论文
毕业论文开题报告
III
开题报告中有关内容的解释，请同学们根据自己的理解完成。
IV
沧州职业技术学院毕业论文
1、立论依据
学生根据指导教师下达的任务书要求，搜集、查阅有关文献资料，阐明所选课题在所属领域的发展现状，进行研究的价值和意义，并说明本课题的重点、难点和特色。 2、预期达到的目标：
说明拟设计或论述的主要内容，拟提交的成果形式 3、研究方案：
说明为实现设计目的涉及到的理论基础、拟采用的方案及方法步骤 4、进度计划：
将论文任务进行分解，并进行合理的阶段时间安排，定出个阶段的成果形式，以便顺利的完成论文和利于老师的检查和指导。
附：参考论文实例
V
摘 要
以浓H2SO4为催化剂、硅胶为吸水剂(S)进行丙烯酸(AA)和Span80的酯化反应，合成聚合型乳化剂Span80丙烯酸酯。考察了催化剂用量、反应温度、吸水剂用量等反应条件对酯化反应酯化率的影响，确定了…….，实验结果表明，…………。
关键词增稠剂；Span80；丙烯酸；聚合型乳化剂；反相乳液
VI
沧州职业技术学院毕业论文
目 录
摘 要 ··································································································································· I 第1章 绪 论 ·················································································································· 1 1.1 前言 ························································································································· 1 1.2 增稠剂的分类 ········································································································· 1 1.2.1 天然增稠剂 ······································································································ 1 1.2.2 乳化增稠剂 ······································································································ 1 1.2.3 合成增稠剂 ······································································································ 1 1.3 聚丙烯酸类增稠剂及其增稠机理 ········································································· 1 1.3.1 聚丙烯酸类增稠剂 ·························································································· 1 1.3.2 增稠机理 ········································································ 错误！未定义书签。 1.4 增稠剂的研究和应用现状 ··················································· 错误！未定义书签。 1.5 本课题的提出及主要研究内容 ··········································· 错误！未定义书签。 1.5.1 Span80丙烯酸酯的合成 ··············································· 错误！未定义书签。 1.5.2 反相乳液乳化体系的选择 ············································ 错误！未定义书签。 1.5.3 反相乳液聚合反应制备印花增稠剂 ···························· 错误！未定义书签。 1.5.4 印花增稠剂的性能考察 ················································ 错误！未定义书签。 第2章 Span80丙烯酸酯的合成 ···················································································· 2 2.1 实验部分 ··············································································· 错误！未定义书签。 2.1.1 实验原料 ········································································ 错误！未定义书签。 2.1.2 实验仪器 ········································································ 错误！未定义书签。 2.1.3 实验方法 ········································································ 错误！未定义书签。 2.2 结果与讨论 ··········································································· 错误！未定义书签。 2.2.1 酯化产物的红外光谱分析 ············································ 错误！未定义书签。 2.2.2 催化剂用量对酯化反应的影响 ···································· 错误！未定义书签。 2.2.3 吸水剂用量对酯化反应的影响 ···································· 错误！未定义书签。 2.2.4 反应温度对酯化反应的影响 ········································ 错误！未定义书签。 2.2.5 酯化反应动力学模型和表观活化能 ···························· 错误！未定义书签。 2.3 本章小结 ··············································································· 错误！未定义书签。 第3章 反相乳液乳化体系的选择 ················································ 错误！未定义书签。 3.1 实验部分 ··············································································· 错误！未定义书签。
VII
3.1.1 实验原料 ········································································ 错误！未定义书签。 3.1.2 实验仪器 ········································································ 错误！未定义书签。 3.1.3 实验方法 ········································································ 错误！未定义书签。 3.2 结果与讨论 ··········································································· 错误！未定义书签。 3.2.1 可聚合乳化剂HLB值计算 ·········································· 错误！未定义书签。 3.2.2 可聚合乳化剂乳化效果的考察 ···································· 错误！未定义书签。 3.2.3 乳化剂复配后乳化效果的考察 ···································· 错误！未定义书签。 3.2.4 乳化剂用量对乳液稳定性的影响 ································ 错误！未定义书签。 3.2.5 水相体积分数对乳液类型及稳定性的影响 ················ 错误！未定义书签。 3.2.6 单体浓度对乳液体系的影响 ········································ 错误！未定义书签。 3.3 本章小结 ··············································································· 错误！未定义书签。 第4章 反相乳液聚合反应制备印花增稠剂 ································ 错误！未定义书签。 4.1 实验部分 ··············································································· 错误！未定义书签。 4.1.1 实验原料 ········································································ 错误！未定义书签。 4.1.2 实验仪器 ········································································ 错误！未定义书签。 4.1.3 实验方法 ········································································ 错误！未定义书签。 4.2 结果与讨论 ··········································································· 错误！未定义书签。 4.2.1 反应时间对聚合转化率的影响 ···································· 错误！未定义书签。 4.2.2 反应体系浓度对增稠剂性能的影响 ···························· 错误！未定义书签。 4.2.3 引发剂用量及反应温度对增稠剂性能的影响 ············ 错误！未定义书签。 4.3 本章小结 ··············································································· 错误！未定义书签。 第5章 印花增稠剂的性能影响因素 ············································ 错误！未定义书签。 5.1 实验部分 ··············································································· 错误！未定义书签。 5.1.1 实验药品 ········································································ 错误！未定义书签。 5.1.2 实验仪器和设备 ···························································· 错误！未定义书签。 5.1.3 实验方法 ········································································ 错误！未定义书签。 5.2 结果与讨论 ··········································································· 错误！未定义书签。 5.2.1 增稠剂用量、pH值对增稠剂性能的影响 ·················· 错误！未定义书签。 5.2.2 增稠剂的抗电解质性及流变特性 ································ 错误！未定义书签。 5.3 本章小结 ··············································································· 错误！未定义书签。 结 论 ································································································ 错误！未定义书签。 参考文献 ······························································································································ 3 致 谢 ·································································································································· 4
VIII
沧州职业技术学院毕业论文
第1章 绪 论
1.1 前 言
1974年美国北部农业研究人员首先利用聚丙烯腈接枝淀粉水解法制取高吸水性树脂后，
[1]
1.2 增稠剂的分类
增稠剂按其来源可分为天然增稠剂，乳化增稠剂和化学合成增稠剂三大类[10]。
1.2.1 天然增稠剂
天然增稠剂主要包括
1.2.2 乳化增稠剂
乳化增稠剂是
1.2.3 合成增稠剂
合成增稠剂根据聚合物的组成不同大致可以分为两种类型[18~20]：非离子型乳化增稠剂和阴离子型增稠剂。 1.2.3.1 非离子型乳化增稠剂
非离子型乳化增稠剂是 1.2.3.2 阴离子型增稠剂
阴离子型增稠剂
1.3 聚丙烯酸类增稠剂及其增稠机理
1.3.1 聚丙烯酸类增稠剂
聚丙烯酸类聚合物增稠剂是近年来发展起来的一类高效增稠剂，1953年，
1
第2章 Span80丙烯酸酯的合成
在乳液聚合反应中，乳化剂起着非常重要的作用，但传统乳化剂在具有优良性
2
参考文献
[1]
[2]
[3] 于善普. 丙烯酸系增稠剂的合成、聚合动力学及性能研究. [上海大学博士论文]. 2000: 1 马瑞波. 丙烯酸酯类增稠剂增稠稳定性的研究. 河北省科学院学报, 2001, 18(1): 51-53 R. BURGOS, F. CONCHA. Further Development of Software for the Design and Simulation of
Industrial Thickeners. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2005, 111(2-3): 135-144
[4]
[5] 董艳春, 沈一丁. 涂料印花增稠剂的研究概况及发展趋势. 印染助剂, 2006, 23(10): 11-14 N. DECOURCELLE, S. LUBBERS, N. VALLET, etal. Effect of Thickeners and Sweeteners on
the Release of Blended Aroma Compounds in Fat-free Stirred Yoghurt during Shear Conditions. International Dairy Journal, 2004, 14(9): 783-789
[6]
[7]
[8]
[9] 余一鄂. 涂料印染技术. 北京: 中国纺织出版社, 2003 杜振霞, 刘宏, 张艳. 纺织增稠剂结构分析. 印染助剂, 2005, 22(12): 36-38 李跃革, 贾信. FS-80活性染料增稠剂在平网印花机上的应用. 印染, 2005(10): 37-38 陈慧. 双变性淀粉制备及其在食品工业中应用. 粮食与油脂, 2006(1): 13-14
[10] 赵子军, 翁志学. 活性染料印花糊料研究进展. 精细石油化工, 2002(1): 53-56
致 谢
三年时光飞逝，大学学习阶段即将结束。掩卷沉思，一张张亲切的面孔浮现在眼前。
首先感谢我的导师XXX老师。在此认真地说一声，“老师，您辛苦了!”。 王老师为人和蔼，学识渊博，有着认真细致的教学态度和缜密严谨的治学精神。在我的课题完成期间，课题的选择，实验方案的确定、实施，论文的撰写与修改等等，每一步都倾注了王老师大量的心血！王老师以他独特的见解和广博的知识，给了我极大的帮助，谨向老师致以最崇高的敬意和最诚挚的谢意!
感谢
最后感谢各位评审专家。感谢您们抽出宝贵时间审阅我的论文，恳请各位专家给予批评指正!（根据自己情况撰写）