库柏：《最后的莫西干人》
作者：Grace
来源：《新高考·高一英语》2012年第07期
詹姆斯·费尼莫尔·库柏（James Fenimore Cooper）于1789年出生在美国新泽西州的伯林顿。一年后，他父亲威廉·库柏法官把他带到纽约州中部奥茨高湖畔的库柏镇。他31岁时开始写小说，第一部小说《戒备》（The Precaution）于1820年自费出版，很不成功。在妻子的鼓励下，他改变方向，写了一部他认为“应当是纯粹美国式的以爱国主义思想为主题的书”，即《间谍》（The Spy）。小说在1821年出版后受到欢迎。他以后又写了反映边疆生活的《皮袜子故事集》（“皮袜子”是小说主人公纳蒂·班波的绰号）五部曲：《拓荒者》（The Pioneers， 1823）、《最后的莫希干人》（The Last of the Mohicans， 1826）、《草原》（The Prairie， 1827）、《探路者》（The Pathfinder， 1840）和《杀鹿人》（The Deerslayer， 1841）以及反映航海生活的《舵手》（The Pilot， 1824），在美国文学史上开创了三种不同类型的小说，即革命历史小说《间谍》、边疆冒险小说《拓荒者》和海上冒险小说《舵手》。库柏在30年创作生涯中写了50多部小说和其他著作。他最有成就的作品，如《皮袜子故事集》五部曲，对美国的西部小说产生很大影响。至今仍拥有不少读者。
《最后的莫希干人》是《皮袜子故事集》中最出色的一部。故事发生在18世纪50年代末期，英法两国为争夺北美殖民地而进行的“七年战争”的第三年，地点是在赫德森河的源头和乔治湖一带。当时，这儿是一片腥风血雨的战场。小说以威廉·亨利堡司令孟罗上校的两个女儿，科拉和艾丽斯，前往堡垒探望父亲途中被劫持的经历为主线，展开了在原始森林中追踪、伏击、战斗等一系列惊险情节的描写。主人公纳蒂·班波，此时已做了英军的侦察员，并已获得“鹰眼”的绰号，他和他的老友莫希干族酋长“大蟒蛇”钦加哥，以及钦加哥的儿子“快腿鹿”恩卡斯挺身而出，为了救出姐妹俩，和劫持者展开了一场惊心动魄的斗争，最后以一场大厮杀而告终。表面看来，这有点像一个“游侠骑士式”的浪漫故事，实质上，作品首先告诉我们的是：英法殖民主义者是一切罪恶的根源。下面的内容节选自第三十章，描写了恩卡斯从牢房被带到大酋长塔门努德面前，受到特拉华部落众人质问的情景。
The silence continued unbroken by human sounds for many anxious minutes. Then the waving multitude opened and shut again， and Uncas stood in the living circle. All those eyes， which had been curiously studying the lineaments of the sage， as the source of their own intelligence， turned on the instant， and were now bent in secret admiration on the erect， agile， and faultless person of the captive. But neither the presence in which he found himself， nor the exclusive attention that he attracted ， in any manner disturbed the self-possession of the young Mohican. He cast a deliberate and observing look on every side of him， meeting the settled expression of hostility that lowered in the visages of the chiefs with the same calmness as the curious gaze of the attentive children. But when ， last in this haughty scrutiny， the person of Tamenund came under his glance， his eye became fixed， as though all other objects were already forgotten. Then， advancing with a slow and noiseless step up the area， he placed himself immediately before the footstool of the sage. Here he
stood unnoted， though keenly observant himself， until one of the chiefs apprised the latter of his presence.
“With what tongue does the prisoner speak to the Manitou？” demanded the patriarch ， without unclosing his eyes.
“Like his fathers，” Uncas replied； “with the tongue of a Delaware.”
At this sudden and unexpected annunciation， a low， fierce yell ran through the multitude， that might not inaptly be compared to the growl of the lion， as his choler is first awakened—a fearful omen of the weight of his future anger. The effect was equally strong on the sage， though differently exhibited. He passed a hand before his eyes， as if to exclude the least evidence of so shameful a spectacle ， while he repeated， in his low， guttural tones， the words he had just heard.
“A Delaware！I have lived to see the tribes of the Lenape driven from their council-fires， and scattered ， like broken herds of deer， among the hills of the Iroquois！ I have seen the hatchets of a strong people sweep woods from the valleys， that the winds of heaven have spared！The beasts that run on the mountains， and the birds that fly above the trees， have I seen living in the wigwams of men ； but never before have I found a Delaware so base as to creep， like a poisonous serpent， into the camps of his nation.”
“The singing-birds have opened their bills，” returned Uncas， in the softest notes of his own musical voice； “and Tamenund has heard their song.”
The sage started， and bent his head aside， as if to catch the fleeting sounds of some passing melody.
“Does Tamenund dream！” he exclaimed. “What voice is at his ear！Have the winters gone backward ！ Will summer come again to the children of the Lenape！”
A solemn and respectful silence succeeded this incoherent burst from the lips of the Delaware prophet. His people readily constructed his unintelligible language into one of those mysterious conferences he was believed to hold so frequently with a superior intelligence and they awaited the issue of the revelation in awe. After a patient pause， however， one of the aged men， perceiving that the sage had lost the recollection of the subject before them， ventured to remind him again of the presence of the prisoner.
Question：
1. What language does the prisoner speak？
2. How do the multitude（群众） think of Delaware？
库柏：《最后的莫西干人》
作者：Grace
来源：《新高考·高一英语》2012年第07期
詹姆斯·费尼莫尔·库柏（James Fenimore Cooper）于1789年出生在美国新泽西州的伯林顿。一年后，他父亲威廉·库柏法官把他带到纽约州中部奥茨高湖畔的库柏镇。他31岁时开始写小说，第一部小说《戒备》（The Precaution）于1820年自费出版，很不成功。在妻子的鼓励下，他改变方向，写了一部他认为“应当是纯粹美国式的以爱国主义思想为主题的书”，即《间谍》（The Spy）。小说在1821年出版后受到欢迎。他以后又写了反映边疆生活的《皮袜子故事集》（“皮袜子”是小说主人公纳蒂·班波的绰号）五部曲：《拓荒者》（The Pioneers， 1823）、《最后的莫希干人》（The Last of the Mohicans， 1826）、《草原》（The Prairie， 1827）、《探路者》（The Pathfinder， 1840）和《杀鹿人》（The Deerslayer， 1841）以及反映航海生活的《舵手》（The Pilot， 1824），在美国文学史上开创了三种不同类型的小说，即革命历史小说《间谍》、边疆冒险小说《拓荒者》和海上冒险小说《舵手》。库柏在30年创作生涯中写了50多部小说和其他著作。他最有成就的作品，如《皮袜子故事集》五部曲，对美国的西部小说产生很大影响。至今仍拥有不少读者。
《最后的莫希干人》是《皮袜子故事集》中最出色的一部。故事发生在18世纪50年代末期，英法两国为争夺北美殖民地而进行的“七年战争”的第三年，地点是在赫德森河的源头和乔治湖一带。当时，这儿是一片腥风血雨的战场。小说以威廉·亨利堡司令孟罗上校的两个女儿，科拉和艾丽斯，前往堡垒探望父亲途中被劫持的经历为主线，展开了在原始森林中追踪、伏击、战斗等一系列惊险情节的描写。主人公纳蒂·班波，此时已做了英军的侦察员，并已获得“鹰眼”的绰号，他和他的老友莫希干族酋长“大蟒蛇”钦加哥，以及钦加哥的儿子“快腿鹿”恩卡斯挺身而出，为了救出姐妹俩，和劫持者展开了一场惊心动魄的斗争，最后以一场大厮杀而告终。表面看来，这有点像一个“游侠骑士式”的浪漫故事，实质上，作品首先告诉我们的是：英法殖民主义者是一切罪恶的根源。下面的内容节选自第三十章，描写了恩卡斯从牢房被带到大酋长塔门努德面前，受到特拉华部落众人质问的情景。
The silence continued unbroken by human sounds for many anxious minutes. Then the waving multitude opened and shut again， and Uncas stood in the living circle. All those eyes， which had been curiously studying the lineaments of the sage， as the source of their own intelligence， turned on the instant， and were now bent in secret admiration on the erect， agile， and faultless person of the captive. But neither the presence in which he found himself， nor the exclusive attention that he attracted ， in any manner disturbed the self-possession of the young Mohican. He cast a deliberate and observing look on every side of him， meeting the settled expression of hostility that lowered in the visages of the chiefs with the same calmness as the curious gaze of the attentive children. But when ， last in this haughty scrutiny， the person of Tamenund came under his glance， his eye became fixed， as though all other objects were already forgotten. Then， advancing with a slow and noiseless step up the area， he placed himself immediately before the footstool of the sage. Here he
stood unnoted， though keenly observant himself， until one of the chiefs apprised the latter of his presence.
“With what tongue does the prisoner speak to the Manitou？” demanded the patriarch ， without unclosing his eyes.
“Like his fathers，” Uncas replied； “with the tongue of a Delaware.”
At this sudden and unexpected annunciation， a low， fierce yell ran through the multitude， that might not inaptly be compared to the growl of the lion， as his choler is first awakened—a fearful omen of the weight of his future anger. The effect was equally strong on the sage， though differently exhibited. He passed a hand before his eyes， as if to exclude the least evidence of so shameful a spectacle ， while he repeated， in his low， guttural tones， the words he had just heard.
“A Delaware！I have lived to see the tribes of the Lenape driven from their council-fires， and scattered ， like broken herds of deer， among the hills of the Iroquois！ I have seen the hatchets of a strong people sweep woods from the valleys， that the winds of heaven have spared！The beasts that run on the mountains， and the birds that fly above the trees， have I seen living in the wigwams of men ； but never before have I found a Delaware so base as to creep， like a poisonous serpent， into the camps of his nation.”
“The singing-birds have opened their bills，” returned Uncas， in the softest notes of his own musical voice； “and Tamenund has heard their song.”
The sage started， and bent his head aside， as if to catch the fleeting sounds of some passing melody.
“Does Tamenund dream！” he exclaimed. “What voice is at his ear！Have the winters gone backward ！ Will summer come again to the children of the Lenape！”
A solemn and respectful silence succeeded this incoherent burst from the lips of the Delaware prophet. His people readily constructed his unintelligible language into one of those mysterious conferences he was believed to hold so frequently with a superior intelligence and they awaited the issue of the revelation in awe. After a patient pause， however， one of the aged men， perceiving that the sage had lost the recollection of the subject before them， ventured to remind him again of the presence of the prisoner.
Question：
1. What language does the prisoner speak？
2. How do the multitude（群众） think of Delaware？