1. 定语从句通常皆放在它所修饰的名、代词之后,这种名、代词就叫做先行词。引导定语从句的关联词为关系代词和关系副词。
2. 先行词:指被定语从句修饰的名词、代词。
一般先行词出现在定语从句的前面。
3. 关系词常有3个作用:
①连接作用,引导定语从句。
②代替先行词。
③在定语从句中担当一个成分。
who 做主语
宾语whom 作为宾语
whose 作为定语(whom ,whose 不可省略)
关系代词在从句中作主语,宾语,定语等,关系副词在从句中作地点状语(where )时间状语(when ),原因状语(why )。
4. 关系代词
关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词,并在从句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。 who, whom, that
这些词代替指人,“whom”作宾语指人,"who" 和“that”既可作主语又可作宾语(作宾语可以省略),可以指人也可以指物。在从句中所起作用如下:
(1)Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他是那个想见你的男人吗?(who/that在从句中作主语)
(2)He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天见的那个人。(whom/that在从句中作宾语)
(3)The man whom you spoke to just now is our English teacher. 你刚刚说话的那个男人是我们的英语老师。
2,which 、that 用来指物
(用作主语、宾语,作宾语时可以省略),例如:
(1)The prosperity which/that had never appeared before took on in the countryside.农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。(which / that在从句中作主语)
(2)The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿那个包裹快要散开了。(which / that在从句中作宾语)
3.whose
(只用作定语)
“whose”表示谁(可以为人也可以为物)的(东西)
例:A child whose parents are dead is called an orphan.双亲都死了的孩子叫做孤儿。(“whose”表示那个孩子的双亲) 练习: 他住的那个房子的窗户是朝南的。
关系副词:在句中作状语
5. 关系副词=介词+关系代词
why=for which
where=in/ at/ on which(介词同先行词搭配)
when=during/ on/ in/…… which(介词同先行词搭配)
注当从句的逻辑主语是some, any, no, somebody, anybody, nobody, something, anything, everything 或nothing 时,常用“there is”开头。
6. 关系词选择
只用that 不用which 1)当先行词是或被序数词,最高级,不定代词some ,any , no , every ),all ,each ,both ,much ,many ,(a )little ,(a )few ,other (s ),another ,none ,one ,either , neither 等。修饰时,关系词用that
不用which 。
2)当先行词既有人又有物时,用that 。
3)当先行词带有the only,the very,the same,the last,the one等词时,用that 不用which 。
4)当主句中有who 或which 时,为避免重复用that 。
只用who 不用that
如果先行词是those,they,all,person s, people,he,anyone,one 时用who 不用that 。 只用which 不用that
1)当主句先行词后有介词时,用which 。This the one of which I'm speaking
2)非限定性定语从句,用which 。
3) 描述句中一般用which 。Beijing ,which was China„s capital for more than 800years
4)those +复数名词之后,多用which .Shopkeeper want to keep a number of those goods which sell best
注意
1)there be句型中,指人用who 指物用that 。2)当主句中缺少主语或表语时,用the one 。
1. 定语从句通常皆放在它所修饰的名、代词之后,这种名、代词就叫做先行词。引导定语从句的关联词为关系代词和关系副词。
2. 先行词:指被定语从句修饰的名词、代词。
一般先行词出现在定语从句的前面。
3. 关系词常有3个作用:
①连接作用,引导定语从句。
②代替先行词。
③在定语从句中担当一个成分。
who 做主语
宾语whom 作为宾语
whose 作为定语(whom ,whose 不可省略)
关系代词在从句中作主语,宾语,定语等,关系副词在从句中作地点状语(where )时间状语(when ),原因状语(why )。
4. 关系代词
关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词,并在从句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。 who, whom, that
这些词代替指人,“whom”作宾语指人,"who" 和“that”既可作主语又可作宾语(作宾语可以省略),可以指人也可以指物。在从句中所起作用如下:
(1)Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他是那个想见你的男人吗?(who/that在从句中作主语)
(2)He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天见的那个人。(whom/that在从句中作宾语)
(3)The man whom you spoke to just now is our English teacher. 你刚刚说话的那个男人是我们的英语老师。
2,which 、that 用来指物
(用作主语、宾语,作宾语时可以省略),例如:
(1)The prosperity which/that had never appeared before took on in the countryside.农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。(which / that在从句中作主语)
(2)The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿那个包裹快要散开了。(which / that在从句中作宾语)
3.whose
(只用作定语)
“whose”表示谁(可以为人也可以为物)的(东西)
例:A child whose parents are dead is called an orphan.双亲都死了的孩子叫做孤儿。(“whose”表示那个孩子的双亲) 练习: 他住的那个房子的窗户是朝南的。
关系副词:在句中作状语
5. 关系副词=介词+关系代词
why=for which
where=in/ at/ on which(介词同先行词搭配)
when=during/ on/ in/…… which(介词同先行词搭配)
注当从句的逻辑主语是some, any, no, somebody, anybody, nobody, something, anything, everything 或nothing 时,常用“there is”开头。
6. 关系词选择
只用that 不用which 1)当先行词是或被序数词,最高级,不定代词some ,any , no , every ),all ,each ,both ,much ,many ,(a )little ,(a )few ,other (s ),another ,none ,one ,either , neither 等。修饰时,关系词用that
不用which 。
2)当先行词既有人又有物时,用that 。
3)当先行词带有the only,the very,the same,the last,the one等词时,用that 不用which 。
4)当主句中有who 或which 时,为避免重复用that 。
只用who 不用that
如果先行词是those,they,all,person s, people,he,anyone,one 时用who 不用that 。 只用which 不用that
1)当主句先行词后有介词时,用which 。This the one of which I'm speaking
2)非限定性定语从句,用which 。
3) 描述句中一般用which 。Beijing ,which was China„s capital for more than 800years
4)those +复数名词之后,多用which .Shopkeeper want to keep a number of those goods which sell best
注意
1)there be句型中,指人用who 指物用that 。2)当主句中缺少主语或表语时,用the one 。