Book 4, unit 1, 女人的幸福感下降
Why aren't women happier these days? That's the question
raised by a thought-provoking study---- "The Paradox of Declinging
Female Happiness" released last month. The research showed that over the past 35 years women's happiness has declined, both compared to the past and relative to men even though, by most objective measures, the lives of women in the U.S. have improved in recent decades.
The research , by University of Pennsylvania economists
Betsey Stevenson and Justin Wolfers, released by the National Bureau of Economic Research, found the decline in happiness to be pervasive among women across a variety of demographic groups. The researchers measured similar declines in happiness among women who were single parents and married parents. The cast doubt on the hypothesis that
trends in marriage and divorce, single parenthood or work/family
balance are at the root of the happiness declines among women.
One theory for the decline in happiness is that expectations for
workplace and general advancement were raised too high by the
Women's Movement and women might feel inadadequate for not having it all.
The researchres acknowledge that is a possiblity. They think
that if the Women's Movement raised women's expectations faster than society was able to meet them, the women would be more likely
desappointed by their actual life experiences. But the researchers also add that things could change for the better, as women's expectations
move into alignment with their experiences, this decline in happiness may reverse.
为什么没有女性幸福的这些日子？这个问题提出了一个发人深
省的研究----―悖论declinging 女性幸福‖上月发布。研究表明，在过去35年里妇女的幸福都下降了，与过去相比，相对于男子，虽然，最客观的措施，妇女生活在美国有改善在最近几十年。
本研究，由宾夕法尼亚大学经济学家贝齐史蒂文森和贾斯廷，
由国家经济研究局，发现下降幸福是普遍的妇女在各种人口群体。研究人员测量中幸福感的下降幅度类似妇女谁是单亲家长和结婚的父母。铸造怀疑的假设的趋势在婚姻和离婚，单亲家庭或工作家庭平衡在女性幸福感下降的根源。
一个理论的下降幸福是期望工作场所和一般发展提出过高的妇
女运动和妇女会感到inadadequate 不拥有它的全部。
该researchres 承认是一个可能性。他们认为，如果妇女运动提高
妇女的期望高于社会满足他们的妇女，更可能是desappointed 他们的实际生活经验。但研究人员还补充说，事情会变的更好，为妇女的期望进入调整他们的经历，幸福感的下降可能扭转。
男女性之间的差异
Men and women might be on the same planetary wavelength
after all. According to Psychologist Professor Janet Hyde at the
University of Wisconsin, men and women are more alike than different in personality, communication, cognitive ability and leadership than is generally believed.
The studies looked at cognitive abilities, such as the ability to do
mathematics, verbal and nonverbal communication, aggression,
leadership, self-esteem, moral reasoning and motor behavior, such as throwing distance and found large gender differences in throwing
distance, and attitudes about causal sex, and a moderate difference in aggression. But for most psychological characteristics, she found no
differences between men and women.
Hyde found evidence that differences between men and women
are linked to society's expectation of how they should behave. For
instance, women smiled more than men when observed but this was not the case when they thought they were not being observed. Hyde said the findings provide strong evidence against the idea that psychological
differences between men and women are "large and stable".
Besides these social expectations, over-inflating claims of
differences between men and women can be damaging. After examing the gender differences in math performance in high school, Hyde
revealed that it could be due to parent's having lower expectations of their daughters' success in math and thus affecting her self-confidence and performance.
She also found women's success as workplace leaders can also
be hindered if they go against the caring and nurturing stereotype.
So it's really amazing how people's perceptions of themselves
and their own behaviors are in fact a reflection of assumptions and
constructs in society.
男性和女性可能毕竟在同一个行星。根据心理学家珍妮海德教
授在威斯康星大学，男人和女人都相同。一般相信，个性，沟通，认知能力和领导能力。
研究在认知能力，如数学能力，口头和非语言沟通，侵略，领
导，自尊，道德推理和运动行为，如投掷距离，发现性别差异大的投掷距离，和态度的因果性，和温和的差异侵略。但大多数的心理特点，她发现没有男女之间的差异。
海德发现的证据表明，男性和女性之间的差异与社会的期望，
他们应该怎样做。例如，女性比男性更当观察微笑但不是这种情况时，他们认为他们不被注意。海德说，调查结果提供了强有力的证据，认为心理差异之间的男性和女性是―大稳定‖。
除了这些社会的期望，over-inflating 索赔之间的差异男性和
女性可以破坏。经过检查的性别差异的数学成绩在高中，海德透露，这可能是由于父母的具有较低的期望他们的女儿的成就在数学和从而影响她的自信和性能。
她还发现，妇女的成功职场领袖也可以阻碍，如果他们违背了
关怀和培育的刻板印象。
所以这是多么惊人的看法，自己和自己的行为实际上反映的假
设和构建社会。
Home listening
1. laziness 2. self-centered 3.snow-ball effect 4. bankruptcy 5.
diminishes 6. interact 7. compete for
8. figure the answer out
9. chivalry is about respect
10. character and morality go hand in hand
Unit 2
99漫画英雄传播伊斯兰美德
―Most people you meet know more about comics than I do, ‖
laughs Naif Al-Mutawa, creator of The 99, the world‘s first comic-book series whose superheroes are based on Islamic culture.
―Strength, honor, truth, mercy, invention,
generosity, wisdom, tolerance—these are some of the
superpowers possessed by my heroes,‖ emphasizes Al-Mutawa. ―No one hero has more than a single power, and no power is expressed to the degree that God possesses it, ‘‘ he adds. There are 99 young heroes from 99 countries, from all walks of life. All of them are Muslim, but not all are Arabs, and the number is almost evenly split between boys and girls. As Al-Mutawa explains, whenever these characters collaborate to solve problems, there is an implicit message of tolerance and
acceptance, a theme central to the series.
Unlike many comic book heroes, the 99 do not use
weapons. ―They use the gifts they have within themselves, ‖ Al- Mutawa notes, adding that ―The 99 is not about what kids
shouldn ‘t be doing. It‘s about learning how to use the power within them to make a difference.‖
Although the series is not religious, it aims to
communicate Islamic virtues which are, as viewed by Dr.
Al-Mutawa, universal in nature. ―The 99 is all about making a conscious choice not to let others define who you are. It is about being proactive in choosing the backdrop against which you are to be judged. Islamic culture and Islamic
heritage have a lot to be proud and joyful about. The 99 is about bringing those positive elements into global awareness. Now it does.‖
―你遇到的大多数人比我知道更多关于漫画，―如果穆塔瓦，创
作者的99，世界第一的超级英雄漫画系列是根据伊斯兰文化。
―实力，荣誉，真理，宽恕，发明，慷慨，智慧，tolerance-these
是一些超级大国所拥有的英雄，强调―穆塔瓦。―没有一个英雄有超过一个单一的权力，并没有权力表现的程度，上帝拥有它，‖他补充道。有99个年轻的英雄，来自99个国家，来自各行各业。他们都是穆斯林，但不是所有的都是阿拉伯人，和数量几乎一半是男孩和女孩之间。作为穆塔瓦解释，每当这些人物合作解决问题，有一个隐含的讯息的容忍和接受，核心主题的系列。
不像许多漫画英雄，99不使用武器的。―他们用他们自己的天
资，‖阿尔- mutawa笔记，并补充说：―99是没有什么不该做的。这是关于学习如何使用权力在他们有所作为。‖
虽然该系列不是宗教，它的目的是沟通伊斯兰美德，认为穆塔
瓦博士，通用性。“99所有关于作出有意识的选择不让别人定义你是谁。这是正在积极选择背景，你来判断。伊斯兰文化和伊斯兰遗产有很多值得骄傲和喜悦。99是把这些积极的元素融入全球意识。现在它做到了。”
尼日利亚的作家经历Fide 贫穷的故事
I‘m a storyteller. And I would like to tell you a few personal stories about what I‘d like to call ―the danger of the single story.‖
I was an early writer. And when I began to write
stories in pencil with crayon illustrations that my poor mother was obligated to read, I wrote exactly the kinds of stories I was reading. All my characters were white and
blue-eyed. They played in the snow. They ate apples. Now, this despite the fact that I lived in Nigeria. I had never been outside Nigeria. We didn‘t have snow. We ate mangoes.
I come from a conventional, middle-class Nigerian
family. And so we had, as was the norm, live-in domestic help, who would often come from nearby rural villages. So the year I turned eight we got a new house boy. His name was Fide. The only thing my mother told us about him was that his family was very poor. My mother sent yams and rice, and our old clothes, to his family. And when I didn‘t finish my dinner my mother would say, ―Finish your food! Don ‘t you know? People like Fide ‘s family have nothing.‖ So I felt enormous pity for Fide‘s family.
Then one Saturday we went to his village to visit. And his
mother showed us a beautifully patterned basket, made of dyed raffia, that his brother had made. I was startled. It had not occurred to me that anybody in his family could actually make something. All I had heard about them is how poor they were, so that it had become impossible for me to see them as anything else but poor. Their poverty was my single story of them.
危险的一个单一的故事（第一部分）
我是一个讲故事的人。我想告诉你一些个人的故事，我喜欢称
之为―危险的一个故事。‖
我是一个作家。当我开始写故事，铅笔，蜡笔插图，我可怜的
母亲不得不读我写的，正是我写的各种各样的故事。我写的所有人物是白人和蓝眼睛。他们在雪中玩耍。他们吃苹果。现在，尽管事实上我住在尼日利亚。我从未离开过尼日利亚。我们没有雪。我们吃芒果。
我来自一个传统的中产阶级家庭，尼日利亚。于是我们，为的
是规范，住家佣人，谁往往来自附近的村庄。所以我八岁那年我们有了个新家的男孩。他的名字是Fide 。只是我的妈妈告诉我们他是，他的家庭很穷。我母亲给他的家人红薯和大米，和我们的旧衣服。当我没有完成我的晚餐，我妈妈会说，―你的食物吃完！你不知道吗？像Fide 的家庭什么都没有。‖所以我感到极大的同情为Fide 的家庭。
然后我们星期六去参观他的村。和他的母亲向我们展示了一个
美丽的图案，他的弟弟用染色拉菲亚制的。我吃了一惊。我才有人在他的家人可能实际上使一些事情。我听说他们是他们是多么的贫穷，使它成为我不可能看到他们会其他任何事情，以为只有贫穷。贫穷是只是我写的关于他们的一个故事的而已。
Unit 3
3D 电影难阻盗版兴亡
The recent blockbuster Avatar is one among a string of
new movies to come out during a period being called the ―3D renaissance ‖. But has the 3D format cut down on the amount of movie piracy as Hollywood hopes? It doesn‘t look like it.
―While Hollywood claims 3D movies will slow piracy,
they are only partially right, ‖ said Chris Chinnock, president of a U.S.-based marketing research and consulting firm. He said if pirates try to use a regular video camcorder to record 3D films, it would result in the images coming back in double. However, those with knowledge of video equipment can get around the 3D deterrent, he said.
Chinnock‘s assessment seems to hold true. More than
a week before Avatar was set for its China release, copies of it were shelved in pirated DVD shops throughout Beijing.
He also speculated that the lack of impact on the
pirate market might be because the film was also released in 2D. The problem with releasing a film strictly in 3D is that many theaters, in both the U.S. and China, are not equipped to handle the new technology. China has roughly 200 mainland theaters equipped to show 3D films. Less availability for movie-goers means more devious minds finding alternative ways to watch blockbusters.
Hurvitz of the foreign counsel for intellectual
property law firm Kangxin Partners PC pointed out that while filming in the cinema is one of the biggest and easiest ways
to contribute to pirated films, there are hundreds of people with industry ‗ins ‘ willing to pass along exclusive copies of the film for big bucks.
Still the problem persists and, while stringent laws
are in place, neither the Chinese government nor the U.S. filming industry knows what to do. ―They ‘re snuck out of the studios, sent overseas, duplicated a million times and then sold on the streets,‖ Hurvitz said.
最近的大片阿凡达是其中的一系列新的电影出来，在这一时期
被称为―3D 文艺复兴‖。但有三D 的数量减少好莱坞的电影盗版吗？好像不是。
―好莱坞索赔三D 电影会缓慢盗版，他们只是部分正确。：‖克里
斯奇诺克说，一个美国 -市场研究与咨询公司的CEO 。他说如果海盗试图使用常规的视频摄像机记录三维电影，这将导致的图像来恢复双。然而，这些知识视频设备可以围绕三维威慑，他说。
钦诺克的评估似乎是正确的。前一周多，中国上映，它的副本
在北京被搁置在盗版影碟店。
他还推测，缺乏影响盗版市场可能是因为电影还发布了在二维。
问题与释放膜严格三维是许多剧院，在美国和中国，不具备处理新技术。中国有大约200个大陆剧院配备显示三维电影。不提供观众更曲折的思想寻找替代办法看大片。
赫维茨的外国律师法律公司康信电脑知识产权合作伙伴指出，
而拍摄的电影是一个最大的和最简单的方法有助于盗版电影，有数百人产业' 插件' 愿意通过沿独家电影拷贝。
这个问题仍然存在，而严格的法律是在地方，无论是中国政府
还是美国电影业知道做什么。“他们偷偷走出工作室，派往海外，重复一百万次，然后街头出售，―贺维兹说。
Lesson 2
盗版电子书泛滥
When Dan Brown‘s blockbuster novel ―The Lost Symbol‖
hit stores in September, it may have offered a peek at the future of bookselling.
On Amazon.com, the book sold more digital copies for
the Kindle e-reader in its first few days than hardback editions. However, less than 24 hours after its release,
pirated digital copies of the novel were found on file-sharing sites like Rapidshare. Within days, it had been downloaded for free more than 100,000 times.
Digital piracy, long confined to music and movies,
is spreading to books. And as electronic reading devices such as Amazon ‘s Kindle and the Sony Reader boost demand for e-books, experts say the problem may only get worse. Digital theft may pose a big headache in 2010 for the slumping publishing
industry, which relies increasingly on electronic reading devices and e-books to stimulate sales.
Piracy is a serious issue for publishers. The company
that publishes Stephenie Meyer‘s wildly popular ―Twilight ‖ teen-vampire series says it ―considers copyright protection to be of paramount importance. ‖ Authors are concerned as well. ―With the open-source culture on the Internet, the idea of ownership --- of artistic ownership --- goes away,‖ said novelist and poet Sherman Alexie last month. ―It terrifies
me. ‖
As to how to combat e-book piracy, views vary. Some
publishers have tried to minimize theft by delaying releases of e-books for several weeks after physical copies go on sale. Some authors have even gone as far as to shrug off e-book technology altogether.
However, some evidence suggests that authors‘ and
publishers ‘ claims of damage from illegal piracy may be
overstated. Recent statistics have shown that consumers who purchase an e-reader buy more books than those who stick with traditional bound volumes. Amazon reports that Kindle owners buy, on average, 3.1 times as many books on the site as other customers.
当丹的畅销小说《失落的符号》九月上市，它可以提供一窥未
来图书销售。
在amazon.com ，书卖的数字拷贝的点燃电子阅读器在其最初几
天比精装版。然而，不到24小时后，其释放，盗版数字拷贝的小说被发现的文件共享网站如。几天之内，它一直免费下载超过100000次。
数字盗版，长仅限于音乐和电影，书籍是传播。和电子阅读设
备，如亚马逊的点燃和索尼电子书读者需求增加，专家说，问题可能变得更糟。数字偷窃可能构成一个大头痛——2010的下滑，出版产业，越来越依赖于电子阅读设备和电子书刺激销售。
盗版是一个严重的问题，出版商。本公司出版史蒂芬梅尔的广
受欢迎的《暮光之城》系列teen-vampire 说‖认为，著作权保护是至关重要的。‖作者而言也。―开源文化在互联网上，观念艺术所有权所有权--- ---走了，说：―小说家和诗人舍曼亚历克上月。―这让我害怕。‖
至于如何打击电子书盗版，看法不同。一些出版商试图尽量减
少盗窃，推迟发布的电子书的几个星期后物理副本发售。一些作者甚至还摆脱电子科技。
然而，一些证据表明，作者和出版商的要求从非法盗版可能被
夸大了。最近的统计数字显示，消费者买更多的书比那些谁坚持传统装订成册，在购买电子阅读器。亚马逊报告，引发业主购买的，平均的3.1倍，许多书籍的网站为其他客户。
Unit 4
lesson 1
在中国做生意重“面子”
China has changed enormously over the last 20 years. Its
economy has been growing at 10% a year. Today, 80% of the world ‘s electronic goods are made in China. As a result, more and more western companies want to do business in China. But how easy is it for a westerner to do business there? Here are some tips from the British Embassy in Beijing.
Build relationships. In the west, it‘s usual to do
business first, and then see if a relationship is possible. In China, it‘s the opposite. You need to build a relationship
before you can do business. This leads to the idea of ‗guanxi ’. Guanxi means using personal contacts and relationships to do business, and westerners need to understand how real and strong this is in China.
It can also be useful to find a reliable Chinese ally
to work with you. He or she will be able to help with language or cultural problems and will also be able to understand Chinese body language.
You must remember to respect ‗face ‘. ‗Face ‘ means
having high status with your peers. ‗Face ‘ can be lost, given or earned. Never criticize or insult someone in front of others, as losing face will make it impossible to make a deal. On the other hand, if you praise someone by saying good things about him or her, then he or she will gain face, but be careful not to do it too much.
All these tricks of the trade can help you to play
the game and do business successfully in China. Be prepared, and be patient if you want to be a winner in China.
4单元
中国发生了巨大的变化在过去的20年。它的经济一直以每年10%
的速度增长。今天，世界上80%的电子产品都是中国制造的。因此，越来越多的西方公司想在中国做生意。但它是多么容易为西方人做生意？这里有一些提示，从英国驻北京大使馆。
建立关系。在西方，通常是先做生意，再看这关系是可能的。
在中国，它的对面。你需要建立关系之前，你可以做生意。这导致的想法——“关系”。意思是使用个人联系和关系做生意，和西方人需要了解关系在中国如何真正和强大。
它也可以是有益的，找到一个可靠的中国人与你一起工作。他
或她将能够帮助与语言或文化问题，也可以了解中国的身体语言。
你必须记住尊重' 面子' 。―脸‖是指具有较高的社会地位与你同
行。―脸‖可能会丢失，给予或获得。没有人批评或侮辱别人面前丢面子，因为会使它不可能做个交易。另一方面，如果你称赞某人说的好东西，他或她，那么他或她将获得的脸，但要小心，不要太多。
所有这些窍门可以帮助你玩这个游戏在中国成功地做。准备和
耐心，如果你想在中国成为一个赢家。
家乐福的中国式“售鱼”
The Quarterly (Magazine): How has Carrefour had to
adapt to Chinese tastes?
Jean-Luc Chereau (President of Carrefour China):
Take the example of fish. When I am in San Francisco and I visit a store, the fish is filleted and packed; it‘s dead. When I am in France, the fish is dead but it‘s whole; it‘s on ice. I can see its eyes and see if it‘s fresh or not. Each place has its own way of selling fish.
If you are in China, you have two ways of selling
fish. The first is to display live fish. When we entered Taiwan, we went to the fresh markets in Taipei and Kaohsiung to see
what kind of products they had, how they were displayed, and how customers bought those products. Carrefour decided to adopt this fresh-market style and to display the same products at lower prices in a better, cleaner environment. And we were very, very successful. Now, on the mainland, the first image customers get when they enter a Carrefour store is fresh
products. When customers are in the fresh area, they recognize the fresh market they‘re accustomed to. And now most of our competitors are following Carrefour in this way.
But there is another method we neglected when we moved away from the coast: frozen fish. Why would frozen fish be important in China? Because the distance between the area where they have fresh fish and the stores in middle and western China is so vast that customers are more confident of frozen fish than of unfrozen dead fish, even if fresh. So we changed our product offering and we saw a 30 to 40 percent increase in fish sales throughout China.
季刊（杂志）：如何有家乐福不得不适应中国人的口味？
让-吕克切罗（家乐福中国总裁）：例如鱼。我在三藩的时候，我去商店，鱼剔骨、包装；它死了。我在法国时，鱼是死了但这全是冰上。我可以看到它的眼睛，看看它的不新鲜。每个地方都有自己的销售方式鱼。
如果你在中国，你有两路卖鱼。首先是展示活鱼。我们进入台
湾时，我们去了在台北和高雄新的市场，看到什么样的产品，他们是如何表现，以及如何购买这些产品的客户。家乐福决定采用这个
新的市场风格和在一个更好，更清洁的环境显示同样的产品更低的价格。我们非常，非常成功。现在，在大陆上，第一个图像得到客户当他们进入一个家乐福店新鲜产品。当客户在新的地区，他们习惯于承认新鲜市场。现在绝大多数的竞争对手是继家乐福这样。
但也有另一种方法我们忽视当我们搬到远离海岸：冻鱼。为什
么冻鱼是在中国重要吗？因为距离之间的地区，他们有新鲜的鱼和商店在中部和西部中国是如此庞大，客户更有信心比解冻冷冻鱼死鱼，即使新鲜。于是我们改变了我们的产品，我们看到一个30至百分之40增加鱼的销售在中国。
Unit 5
lesson 1丰田公司为“召回事件”道歉
US Congress is looking at some of the problems that
Toyota ‘s been having with vehicle recalls and examining how the carmaker has responded to the situation. You ‘ve heard all about this: millions of vehicles affected by issues with floor mats and gas pedals that might get stuck. US Congress is
holding a few days of hearings to get some information about it. Yesterday, they heard from one expert who said it could be an electrical issue. He says there‘s a possibility that a short circuit might cause a car to suddenly accelerate. An engineering firm that was hired by Toyota to check out the claim found the same thing. But Toyota ‘s U.S. sales chief, Jim Lentz, says the electrical system isn‘t the problem.
When asked about how the company handled customer
complaints, Lentz said that Toyota focused more on technical issues rather than looking at the possibility of accelerator
pedals that get stuck. He called that approach a mistake and apologized for it. In fact, Toyota has repeatedly apologized for the safety issues, and it ‘s working to repair the recalled vehicles. Akio Toyoda, the president of the entire Toyota corporation, has announced new safety measures that the
company plans to take from here on out. He ‘s scheduled to appear before Congress today. All of this, as you might imagine, is having an impact on the company‘s reputation.
美国国会正在看一些问题，丰田一直有与汽车召回的汽车制造
商和研究如何回应的情况。你听说过这一切：百万车辆的影响问题的脚垫和油门踏板可能会被卡住。美国国会举行听证会是几天得到一些关于它的信息。昨天，他们听到从一个专家说这可能是一个问题。他说有一个可能性，短路可能导致汽车突然加速。一个工程公司，聘请了由丰田检查声称发现了同样的事情。但丰田的美国销售主任，吉姆朗茨说，电气系统不是问题。
当被问及公司如何处理客户投诉，朗茨说，丰田更专注于技术
问题，而不是寻找可能的油门踏板卡住。他称这一错误并道歉了。事实上，丰田曾多次道歉，安全问题，和它的工作，修复被召回的车辆。丰田昭夫，总统的整个丰田公司，宣布新的安全措施，该公司计划将从这里出发。他将在国会前。这一切，正如你可能想象的，是有一个影响公司的声誉。
lesson 2商业道德的缺失与重要
The phrase ―it ‘s just business ‖ is often used to justify morally questionable behavior. The immense power business
exerts over the well-being of this planet makes the issue of morality in business more important than ever.
Outside of the ―sanctified ‖ realm of business, where
profit rules above all else, most of us are pretty good at knowing good from bad. Strangely though, we have been letting businesses literally get away with murder. When it comes to money and profits, people in general seem quite prepared to throw the accepted norms of social decency out the window.
Certainly the systems we have constructed around
business fuel this lack of conscience. We actively celebrate the making of money and extravagant consumption. The
individual leaders must also be held accountable. In part, I believe shareholders are also to blame; collectively, their actions fueled by the desire for big returns contributed to the appointment of these so-called leaders.
All business decisions have moral implications that must be considered. Business is personal because it directly
affects our lives and our futures. It is also personal because each and every one of us can use it to choose the sort of world we want to be part of building. Google ‘s motto – don ‘t be evil – is a clear moral stance. It is no longer good enough to say ―business is just business‖. There is a price to be paid for every dollar we make and spend.
Will your business choose to be good or bad?
―这只是商业‖往往是用来证明不道德行为。巨大的电力企业对
这种幸福星球使得问题的道德在企业比以往更加重要。
以外的―神圣化‖的商业领域，利润率规律高于一切，大多数人
都很擅长了解好与坏。很奇怪，我们一直让企业可以摆脱谋杀。当谈到金钱和利润，在一般人看来很愿意把接受规范的社会礼仪扔出窗外。
当然，我们已经构建系统业务燃料缺乏良心。我们积极庆祝赚
钱和奢侈消费。个人的领导也必须追究责任。有一部分，我认为股东也有责任；总的来说，他们的行动受到欲望大回报促成任命这些所谓的领导人。
所有的经营决策有道德问题，必须考虑。业务是因为它直接影
响我们的生活和我们的未来。这也是个人因为我们每个人都可以用它来选择一种世界上我们想成为建筑的一部分。谷歌的座右铭–不作恶–是一个明确的道德立场。它不再是足够的说―业务是经营‖。是要付出代价的每一美元，我们赚钱和花钱的。
将您的企业选择是好还是坏？
Have you ever heard the old （26）saying ，―Never judge a book by its （27）cover ‖? This is a （28）rule to follow when trying to judge the intelligence of others. Some people have
（29）minds that shine only in certain situations. A young person with an （30）unusual gift in writing may find himself
（31）speechless in the presence of a pretty girl when he speaks .But don‘t make mistake of thinking him stupid with a pen and a paper he can （32）express himself better than anybody.
Other people may fool you into （33）overestimating their intelligence by putting up a good front .A student who listens attentively and takes notes in class is sure to make a favorable impression on his teachers. But （34）when it comes to exams, he may score near the bottom of the class.
It all comes down to this : you can‘t judge someone
by appearance. （35）The only way to determine a person‘s intelligence is to get to know him. Then you can see how he reacts to different situations. （36）The more situations you see, the better your judgment is likely to be. So take your time. Don‘t judge a book by its cover.
（26）Traditionally, universities have carried out two main activities: research and teaching. Many （27）experts would argue that both these activities play a （28）critical role in serving the （29）community. The fundamental question, however, is how does the community want or need to be （30）served?
In recent years universities have been coming under increasing （31）pressure from both the governments and the public to （32）ensure that they do not remain ―ivory towers ‖ of study （33）separated from the realities of everyday life. University teachers have been encouraged to （34）provide more courses which graduates with the technical skills required for commercial use.
A post-industrial society requires large numbers of
computer programmers, engineers, managers, and technicians to maintain and develop its economic growth. However, （35）apart from requiring medical and social services, the society should also value and enjoy literature, music and the arts. In these cost-conscious times, it has even been pointed out in
justification for the funding of the arts that they can be useful money earners. A successful musical play, for instance, can contribute as much to the Gross National Product through
tourist dollars as any other things.
Book 4, unit 1, 女人的幸福感下降
Why aren't women happier these days? That's the question
raised by a thought-provoking study---- "The Paradox of Declinging
Female Happiness" released last month. The research showed that over the past 35 years women's happiness has declined, both compared to the past and relative to men even though, by most objective measures, the lives of women in the U.S. have improved in recent decades.
The research , by University of Pennsylvania economists
Betsey Stevenson and Justin Wolfers, released by the National Bureau of Economic Research, found the decline in happiness to be pervasive among women across a variety of demographic groups. The researchers measured similar declines in happiness among women who were single parents and married parents. The cast doubt on the hypothesis that
trends in marriage and divorce, single parenthood or work/family
balance are at the root of the happiness declines among women.
One theory for the decline in happiness is that expectations for
workplace and general advancement were raised too high by the
Women's Movement and women might feel inadadequate for not having it all.
The researchres acknowledge that is a possiblity. They think
that if the Women's Movement raised women's expectations faster than society was able to meet them, the women would be more likely
desappointed by their actual life experiences. But the researchers also add that things could change for the better, as women's expectations
move into alignment with their experiences, this decline in happiness may reverse.
为什么没有女性幸福的这些日子？这个问题提出了一个发人深
省的研究----―悖论declinging 女性幸福‖上月发布。研究表明，在过去35年里妇女的幸福都下降了，与过去相比，相对于男子，虽然，最客观的措施，妇女生活在美国有改善在最近几十年。
本研究，由宾夕法尼亚大学经济学家贝齐史蒂文森和贾斯廷，
由国家经济研究局，发现下降幸福是普遍的妇女在各种人口群体。研究人员测量中幸福感的下降幅度类似妇女谁是单亲家长和结婚的父母。铸造怀疑的假设的趋势在婚姻和离婚，单亲家庭或工作家庭平衡在女性幸福感下降的根源。
一个理论的下降幸福是期望工作场所和一般发展提出过高的妇
女运动和妇女会感到inadadequate 不拥有它的全部。
该researchres 承认是一个可能性。他们认为，如果妇女运动提高
妇女的期望高于社会满足他们的妇女，更可能是desappointed 他们的实际生活经验。但研究人员还补充说，事情会变的更好，为妇女的期望进入调整他们的经历，幸福感的下降可能扭转。
男女性之间的差异
Men and women might be on the same planetary wavelength
after all. According to Psychologist Professor Janet Hyde at the
University of Wisconsin, men and women are more alike than different in personality, communication, cognitive ability and leadership than is generally believed.
The studies looked at cognitive abilities, such as the ability to do
mathematics, verbal and nonverbal communication, aggression,
leadership, self-esteem, moral reasoning and motor behavior, such as throwing distance and found large gender differences in throwing
distance, and attitudes about causal sex, and a moderate difference in aggression. But for most psychological characteristics, she found no
differences between men and women.
Hyde found evidence that differences between men and women
are linked to society's expectation of how they should behave. For
instance, women smiled more than men when observed but this was not the case when they thought they were not being observed. Hyde said the findings provide strong evidence against the idea that psychological
differences between men and women are "large and stable".
Besides these social expectations, over-inflating claims of
differences between men and women can be damaging. After examing the gender differences in math performance in high school, Hyde
revealed that it could be due to parent's having lower expectations of their daughters' success in math and thus affecting her self-confidence and performance.
She also found women's success as workplace leaders can also
be hindered if they go against the caring and nurturing stereotype.
So it's really amazing how people's perceptions of themselves
and their own behaviors are in fact a reflection of assumptions and
constructs in society.
男性和女性可能毕竟在同一个行星。根据心理学家珍妮海德教
授在威斯康星大学，男人和女人都相同。一般相信，个性，沟通，认知能力和领导能力。
研究在认知能力，如数学能力，口头和非语言沟通，侵略，领
导，自尊，道德推理和运动行为，如投掷距离，发现性别差异大的投掷距离，和态度的因果性，和温和的差异侵略。但大多数的心理特点，她发现没有男女之间的差异。
海德发现的证据表明，男性和女性之间的差异与社会的期望，
他们应该怎样做。例如，女性比男性更当观察微笑但不是这种情况时，他们认为他们不被注意。海德说，调查结果提供了强有力的证据，认为心理差异之间的男性和女性是―大稳定‖。
除了这些社会的期望，over-inflating 索赔之间的差异男性和
女性可以破坏。经过检查的性别差异的数学成绩在高中，海德透露，这可能是由于父母的具有较低的期望他们的女儿的成就在数学和从而影响她的自信和性能。
她还发现，妇女的成功职场领袖也可以阻碍，如果他们违背了
关怀和培育的刻板印象。
所以这是多么惊人的看法，自己和自己的行为实际上反映的假
设和构建社会。
Home listening
1. laziness 2. self-centered 3.snow-ball effect 4. bankruptcy 5.
diminishes 6. interact 7. compete for
8. figure the answer out
9. chivalry is about respect
10. character and morality go hand in hand
Unit 2
99漫画英雄传播伊斯兰美德
―Most people you meet know more about comics than I do, ‖
laughs Naif Al-Mutawa, creator of The 99, the world‘s first comic-book series whose superheroes are based on Islamic culture.
―Strength, honor, truth, mercy, invention,
generosity, wisdom, tolerance—these are some of the
superpowers possessed by my heroes,‖ emphasizes Al-Mutawa. ―No one hero has more than a single power, and no power is expressed to the degree that God possesses it, ‘‘ he adds. There are 99 young heroes from 99 countries, from all walks of life. All of them are Muslim, but not all are Arabs, and the number is almost evenly split between boys and girls. As Al-Mutawa explains, whenever these characters collaborate to solve problems, there is an implicit message of tolerance and
acceptance, a theme central to the series.
Unlike many comic book heroes, the 99 do not use
weapons. ―They use the gifts they have within themselves, ‖ Al- Mutawa notes, adding that ―The 99 is not about what kids
shouldn ‘t be doing. It‘s about learning how to use the power within them to make a difference.‖
Although the series is not religious, it aims to
communicate Islamic virtues which are, as viewed by Dr.
Al-Mutawa, universal in nature. ―The 99 is all about making a conscious choice not to let others define who you are. It is about being proactive in choosing the backdrop against which you are to be judged. Islamic culture and Islamic
heritage have a lot to be proud and joyful about. The 99 is about bringing those positive elements into global awareness. Now it does.‖
―你遇到的大多数人比我知道更多关于漫画，―如果穆塔瓦，创
作者的99，世界第一的超级英雄漫画系列是根据伊斯兰文化。
―实力，荣誉，真理，宽恕，发明，慷慨，智慧，tolerance-these
是一些超级大国所拥有的英雄，强调―穆塔瓦。―没有一个英雄有超过一个单一的权力，并没有权力表现的程度，上帝拥有它，‖他补充道。有99个年轻的英雄，来自99个国家，来自各行各业。他们都是穆斯林，但不是所有的都是阿拉伯人，和数量几乎一半是男孩和女孩之间。作为穆塔瓦解释，每当这些人物合作解决问题，有一个隐含的讯息的容忍和接受，核心主题的系列。
不像许多漫画英雄，99不使用武器的。―他们用他们自己的天
资，‖阿尔- mutawa笔记，并补充说：―99是没有什么不该做的。这是关于学习如何使用权力在他们有所作为。‖
虽然该系列不是宗教，它的目的是沟通伊斯兰美德，认为穆塔
瓦博士，通用性。“99所有关于作出有意识的选择不让别人定义你是谁。这是正在积极选择背景，你来判断。伊斯兰文化和伊斯兰遗产有很多值得骄傲和喜悦。99是把这些积极的元素融入全球意识。现在它做到了。”
尼日利亚的作家经历Fide 贫穷的故事
I‘m a storyteller. And I would like to tell you a few personal stories about what I‘d like to call ―the danger of the single story.‖
I was an early writer. And when I began to write
stories in pencil with crayon illustrations that my poor mother was obligated to read, I wrote exactly the kinds of stories I was reading. All my characters were white and
blue-eyed. They played in the snow. They ate apples. Now, this despite the fact that I lived in Nigeria. I had never been outside Nigeria. We didn‘t have snow. We ate mangoes.
I come from a conventional, middle-class Nigerian
family. And so we had, as was the norm, live-in domestic help, who would often come from nearby rural villages. So the year I turned eight we got a new house boy. His name was Fide. The only thing my mother told us about him was that his family was very poor. My mother sent yams and rice, and our old clothes, to his family. And when I didn‘t finish my dinner my mother would say, ―Finish your food! Don ‘t you know? People like Fide ‘s family have nothing.‖ So I felt enormous pity for Fide‘s family.
Then one Saturday we went to his village to visit. And his
mother showed us a beautifully patterned basket, made of dyed raffia, that his brother had made. I was startled. It had not occurred to me that anybody in his family could actually make something. All I had heard about them is how poor they were, so that it had become impossible for me to see them as anything else but poor. Their poverty was my single story of them.
危险的一个单一的故事（第一部分）
我是一个讲故事的人。我想告诉你一些个人的故事，我喜欢称
之为―危险的一个故事。‖
我是一个作家。当我开始写故事，铅笔，蜡笔插图，我可怜的
母亲不得不读我写的，正是我写的各种各样的故事。我写的所有人物是白人和蓝眼睛。他们在雪中玩耍。他们吃苹果。现在，尽管事实上我住在尼日利亚。我从未离开过尼日利亚。我们没有雪。我们吃芒果。
我来自一个传统的中产阶级家庭，尼日利亚。于是我们，为的
是规范，住家佣人，谁往往来自附近的村庄。所以我八岁那年我们有了个新家的男孩。他的名字是Fide 。只是我的妈妈告诉我们他是，他的家庭很穷。我母亲给他的家人红薯和大米，和我们的旧衣服。当我没有完成我的晚餐，我妈妈会说，―你的食物吃完！你不知道吗？像Fide 的家庭什么都没有。‖所以我感到极大的同情为Fide 的家庭。
然后我们星期六去参观他的村。和他的母亲向我们展示了一个
美丽的图案，他的弟弟用染色拉菲亚制的。我吃了一惊。我才有人在他的家人可能实际上使一些事情。我听说他们是他们是多么的贫穷，使它成为我不可能看到他们会其他任何事情，以为只有贫穷。贫穷是只是我写的关于他们的一个故事的而已。
Unit 3
3D 电影难阻盗版兴亡
The recent blockbuster Avatar is one among a string of
new movies to come out during a period being called the ―3D renaissance ‖. But has the 3D format cut down on the amount of movie piracy as Hollywood hopes? It doesn‘t look like it.
―While Hollywood claims 3D movies will slow piracy,
they are only partially right, ‖ said Chris Chinnock, president of a U.S.-based marketing research and consulting firm. He said if pirates try to use a regular video camcorder to record 3D films, it would result in the images coming back in double. However, those with knowledge of video equipment can get around the 3D deterrent, he said.
Chinnock‘s assessment seems to hold true. More than
a week before Avatar was set for its China release, copies of it were shelved in pirated DVD shops throughout Beijing.
He also speculated that the lack of impact on the
pirate market might be because the film was also released in 2D. The problem with releasing a film strictly in 3D is that many theaters, in both the U.S. and China, are not equipped to handle the new technology. China has roughly 200 mainland theaters equipped to show 3D films. Less availability for movie-goers means more devious minds finding alternative ways to watch blockbusters.
Hurvitz of the foreign counsel for intellectual
property law firm Kangxin Partners PC pointed out that while filming in the cinema is one of the biggest and easiest ways
to contribute to pirated films, there are hundreds of people with industry ‗ins ‘ willing to pass along exclusive copies of the film for big bucks.
Still the problem persists and, while stringent laws
are in place, neither the Chinese government nor the U.S. filming industry knows what to do. ―They ‘re snuck out of the studios, sent overseas, duplicated a million times and then sold on the streets,‖ Hurvitz said.
最近的大片阿凡达是其中的一系列新的电影出来，在这一时期
被称为―3D 文艺复兴‖。但有三D 的数量减少好莱坞的电影盗版吗？好像不是。
―好莱坞索赔三D 电影会缓慢盗版，他们只是部分正确。：‖克里
斯奇诺克说，一个美国 -市场研究与咨询公司的CEO 。他说如果海盗试图使用常规的视频摄像机记录三维电影，这将导致的图像来恢复双。然而，这些知识视频设备可以围绕三维威慑，他说。
钦诺克的评估似乎是正确的。前一周多，中国上映，它的副本
在北京被搁置在盗版影碟店。
他还推测，缺乏影响盗版市场可能是因为电影还发布了在二维。
问题与释放膜严格三维是许多剧院，在美国和中国，不具备处理新技术。中国有大约200个大陆剧院配备显示三维电影。不提供观众更曲折的思想寻找替代办法看大片。
赫维茨的外国律师法律公司康信电脑知识产权合作伙伴指出，
而拍摄的电影是一个最大的和最简单的方法有助于盗版电影，有数百人产业' 插件' 愿意通过沿独家电影拷贝。
这个问题仍然存在，而严格的法律是在地方，无论是中国政府
还是美国电影业知道做什么。“他们偷偷走出工作室，派往海外，重复一百万次，然后街头出售，―贺维兹说。
Lesson 2
盗版电子书泛滥
When Dan Brown‘s blockbuster novel ―The Lost Symbol‖
hit stores in September, it may have offered a peek at the future of bookselling.
On Amazon.com, the book sold more digital copies for
the Kindle e-reader in its first few days than hardback editions. However, less than 24 hours after its release,
pirated digital copies of the novel were found on file-sharing sites like Rapidshare. Within days, it had been downloaded for free more than 100,000 times.
Digital piracy, long confined to music and movies,
is spreading to books. And as electronic reading devices such as Amazon ‘s Kindle and the Sony Reader boost demand for e-books, experts say the problem may only get worse. Digital theft may pose a big headache in 2010 for the slumping publishing
industry, which relies increasingly on electronic reading devices and e-books to stimulate sales.
Piracy is a serious issue for publishers. The company
that publishes Stephenie Meyer‘s wildly popular ―Twilight ‖ teen-vampire series says it ―considers copyright protection to be of paramount importance. ‖ Authors are concerned as well. ―With the open-source culture on the Internet, the idea of ownership --- of artistic ownership --- goes away,‖ said novelist and poet Sherman Alexie last month. ―It terrifies
me. ‖
As to how to combat e-book piracy, views vary. Some
publishers have tried to minimize theft by delaying releases of e-books for several weeks after physical copies go on sale. Some authors have even gone as far as to shrug off e-book technology altogether.
However, some evidence suggests that authors‘ and
publishers ‘ claims of damage from illegal piracy may be
overstated. Recent statistics have shown that consumers who purchase an e-reader buy more books than those who stick with traditional bound volumes. Amazon reports that Kindle owners buy, on average, 3.1 times as many books on the site as other customers.
当丹的畅销小说《失落的符号》九月上市，它可以提供一窥未
来图书销售。
在amazon.com ，书卖的数字拷贝的点燃电子阅读器在其最初几
天比精装版。然而，不到24小时后，其释放，盗版数字拷贝的小说被发现的文件共享网站如。几天之内，它一直免费下载超过100000次。
数字盗版，长仅限于音乐和电影，书籍是传播。和电子阅读设
备，如亚马逊的点燃和索尼电子书读者需求增加，专家说，问题可能变得更糟。数字偷窃可能构成一个大头痛——2010的下滑，出版产业，越来越依赖于电子阅读设备和电子书刺激销售。
盗版是一个严重的问题，出版商。本公司出版史蒂芬梅尔的广
受欢迎的《暮光之城》系列teen-vampire 说‖认为，著作权保护是至关重要的。‖作者而言也。―开源文化在互联网上，观念艺术所有权所有权--- ---走了，说：―小说家和诗人舍曼亚历克上月。―这让我害怕。‖
至于如何打击电子书盗版，看法不同。一些出版商试图尽量减
少盗窃，推迟发布的电子书的几个星期后物理副本发售。一些作者甚至还摆脱电子科技。
然而，一些证据表明，作者和出版商的要求从非法盗版可能被
夸大了。最近的统计数字显示，消费者买更多的书比那些谁坚持传统装订成册，在购买电子阅读器。亚马逊报告，引发业主购买的，平均的3.1倍，许多书籍的网站为其他客户。
Unit 4
lesson 1
在中国做生意重“面子”
China has changed enormously over the last 20 years. Its
economy has been growing at 10% a year. Today, 80% of the world ‘s electronic goods are made in China. As a result, more and more western companies want to do business in China. But how easy is it for a westerner to do business there? Here are some tips from the British Embassy in Beijing.
Build relationships. In the west, it‘s usual to do
business first, and then see if a relationship is possible. In China, it‘s the opposite. You need to build a relationship
before you can do business. This leads to the idea of ‗guanxi ’. Guanxi means using personal contacts and relationships to do business, and westerners need to understand how real and strong this is in China.
It can also be useful to find a reliable Chinese ally
to work with you. He or she will be able to help with language or cultural problems and will also be able to understand Chinese body language.
You must remember to respect ‗face ‘. ‗Face ‘ means
having high status with your peers. ‗Face ‘ can be lost, given or earned. Never criticize or insult someone in front of others, as losing face will make it impossible to make a deal. On the other hand, if you praise someone by saying good things about him or her, then he or she will gain face, but be careful not to do it too much.
All these tricks of the trade can help you to play
the game and do business successfully in China. Be prepared, and be patient if you want to be a winner in China.
4单元
中国发生了巨大的变化在过去的20年。它的经济一直以每年10%
的速度增长。今天，世界上80%的电子产品都是中国制造的。因此，越来越多的西方公司想在中国做生意。但它是多么容易为西方人做生意？这里有一些提示，从英国驻北京大使馆。
建立关系。在西方，通常是先做生意，再看这关系是可能的。
在中国，它的对面。你需要建立关系之前，你可以做生意。这导致的想法——“关系”。意思是使用个人联系和关系做生意，和西方人需要了解关系在中国如何真正和强大。
它也可以是有益的，找到一个可靠的中国人与你一起工作。他
或她将能够帮助与语言或文化问题，也可以了解中国的身体语言。
你必须记住尊重' 面子' 。―脸‖是指具有较高的社会地位与你同
行。―脸‖可能会丢失，给予或获得。没有人批评或侮辱别人面前丢面子，因为会使它不可能做个交易。另一方面，如果你称赞某人说的好东西，他或她，那么他或她将获得的脸，但要小心，不要太多。
所有这些窍门可以帮助你玩这个游戏在中国成功地做。准备和
耐心，如果你想在中国成为一个赢家。
家乐福的中国式“售鱼”
The Quarterly (Magazine): How has Carrefour had to
adapt to Chinese tastes?
Jean-Luc Chereau (President of Carrefour China):
Take the example of fish. When I am in San Francisco and I visit a store, the fish is filleted and packed; it‘s dead. When I am in France, the fish is dead but it‘s whole; it‘s on ice. I can see its eyes and see if it‘s fresh or not. Each place has its own way of selling fish.
If you are in China, you have two ways of selling
fish. The first is to display live fish. When we entered Taiwan, we went to the fresh markets in Taipei and Kaohsiung to see
what kind of products they had, how they were displayed, and how customers bought those products. Carrefour decided to adopt this fresh-market style and to display the same products at lower prices in a better, cleaner environment. And we were very, very successful. Now, on the mainland, the first image customers get when they enter a Carrefour store is fresh
products. When customers are in the fresh area, they recognize the fresh market they‘re accustomed to. And now most of our competitors are following Carrefour in this way.
But there is another method we neglected when we moved away from the coast: frozen fish. Why would frozen fish be important in China? Because the distance between the area where they have fresh fish and the stores in middle and western China is so vast that customers are more confident of frozen fish than of unfrozen dead fish, even if fresh. So we changed our product offering and we saw a 30 to 40 percent increase in fish sales throughout China.
季刊（杂志）：如何有家乐福不得不适应中国人的口味？
让-吕克切罗（家乐福中国总裁）：例如鱼。我在三藩的时候，我去商店，鱼剔骨、包装；它死了。我在法国时，鱼是死了但这全是冰上。我可以看到它的眼睛，看看它的不新鲜。每个地方都有自己的销售方式鱼。
如果你在中国，你有两路卖鱼。首先是展示活鱼。我们进入台
湾时，我们去了在台北和高雄新的市场，看到什么样的产品，他们是如何表现，以及如何购买这些产品的客户。家乐福决定采用这个
新的市场风格和在一个更好，更清洁的环境显示同样的产品更低的价格。我们非常，非常成功。现在，在大陆上，第一个图像得到客户当他们进入一个家乐福店新鲜产品。当客户在新的地区，他们习惯于承认新鲜市场。现在绝大多数的竞争对手是继家乐福这样。
但也有另一种方法我们忽视当我们搬到远离海岸：冻鱼。为什
么冻鱼是在中国重要吗？因为距离之间的地区，他们有新鲜的鱼和商店在中部和西部中国是如此庞大，客户更有信心比解冻冷冻鱼死鱼，即使新鲜。于是我们改变了我们的产品，我们看到一个30至百分之40增加鱼的销售在中国。
Unit 5
lesson 1丰田公司为“召回事件”道歉
US Congress is looking at some of the problems that
Toyota ‘s been having with vehicle recalls and examining how the carmaker has responded to the situation. You ‘ve heard all about this: millions of vehicles affected by issues with floor mats and gas pedals that might get stuck. US Congress is
holding a few days of hearings to get some information about it. Yesterday, they heard from one expert who said it could be an electrical issue. He says there‘s a possibility that a short circuit might cause a car to suddenly accelerate. An engineering firm that was hired by Toyota to check out the claim found the same thing. But Toyota ‘s U.S. sales chief, Jim Lentz, says the electrical system isn‘t the problem.
When asked about how the company handled customer
complaints, Lentz said that Toyota focused more on technical issues rather than looking at the possibility of accelerator
pedals that get stuck. He called that approach a mistake and apologized for it. In fact, Toyota has repeatedly apologized for the safety issues, and it ‘s working to repair the recalled vehicles. Akio Toyoda, the president of the entire Toyota corporation, has announced new safety measures that the
company plans to take from here on out. He ‘s scheduled to appear before Congress today. All of this, as you might imagine, is having an impact on the company‘s reputation.
美国国会正在看一些问题，丰田一直有与汽车召回的汽车制造
商和研究如何回应的情况。你听说过这一切：百万车辆的影响问题的脚垫和油门踏板可能会被卡住。美国国会举行听证会是几天得到一些关于它的信息。昨天，他们听到从一个专家说这可能是一个问题。他说有一个可能性，短路可能导致汽车突然加速。一个工程公司，聘请了由丰田检查声称发现了同样的事情。但丰田的美国销售主任，吉姆朗茨说，电气系统不是问题。
当被问及公司如何处理客户投诉，朗茨说，丰田更专注于技术
问题，而不是寻找可能的油门踏板卡住。他称这一错误并道歉了。事实上，丰田曾多次道歉，安全问题，和它的工作，修复被召回的车辆。丰田昭夫，总统的整个丰田公司，宣布新的安全措施，该公司计划将从这里出发。他将在国会前。这一切，正如你可能想象的，是有一个影响公司的声誉。
lesson 2商业道德的缺失与重要
The phrase ―it ‘s just business ‖ is often used to justify morally questionable behavior. The immense power business
exerts over the well-being of this planet makes the issue of morality in business more important than ever.
Outside of the ―sanctified ‖ realm of business, where
profit rules above all else, most of us are pretty good at knowing good from bad. Strangely though, we have been letting businesses literally get away with murder. When it comes to money and profits, people in general seem quite prepared to throw the accepted norms of social decency out the window.
Certainly the systems we have constructed around
business fuel this lack of conscience. We actively celebrate the making of money and extravagant consumption. The
individual leaders must also be held accountable. In part, I believe shareholders are also to blame; collectively, their actions fueled by the desire for big returns contributed to the appointment of these so-called leaders.
All business decisions have moral implications that must be considered. Business is personal because it directly
affects our lives and our futures. It is also personal because each and every one of us can use it to choose the sort of world we want to be part of building. Google ‘s motto – don ‘t be evil – is a clear moral stance. It is no longer good enough to say ―business is just business‖. There is a price to be paid for every dollar we make and spend.
Will your business choose to be good or bad?
―这只是商业‖往往是用来证明不道德行为。巨大的电力企业对
这种幸福星球使得问题的道德在企业比以往更加重要。
以外的―神圣化‖的商业领域，利润率规律高于一切，大多数人
都很擅长了解好与坏。很奇怪，我们一直让企业可以摆脱谋杀。当谈到金钱和利润，在一般人看来很愿意把接受规范的社会礼仪扔出窗外。
当然，我们已经构建系统业务燃料缺乏良心。我们积极庆祝赚
钱和奢侈消费。个人的领导也必须追究责任。有一部分，我认为股东也有责任；总的来说，他们的行动受到欲望大回报促成任命这些所谓的领导人。
所有的经营决策有道德问题，必须考虑。业务是因为它直接影
响我们的生活和我们的未来。这也是个人因为我们每个人都可以用它来选择一种世界上我们想成为建筑的一部分。谷歌的座右铭–不作恶–是一个明确的道德立场。它不再是足够的说―业务是经营‖。是要付出代价的每一美元，我们赚钱和花钱的。
将您的企业选择是好还是坏？
Have you ever heard the old （26）saying ，―Never judge a book by its （27）cover ‖? This is a （28）rule to follow when trying to judge the intelligence of others. Some people have
（29）minds that shine only in certain situations. A young person with an （30）unusual gift in writing may find himself
（31）speechless in the presence of a pretty girl when he speaks .But don‘t make mistake of thinking him stupid with a pen and a paper he can （32）express himself better than anybody.
Other people may fool you into （33）overestimating their intelligence by putting up a good front .A student who listens attentively and takes notes in class is sure to make a favorable impression on his teachers. But （34）when it comes to exams, he may score near the bottom of the class.
It all comes down to this : you can‘t judge someone
by appearance. （35）The only way to determine a person‘s intelligence is to get to know him. Then you can see how he reacts to different situations. （36）The more situations you see, the better your judgment is likely to be. So take your time. Don‘t judge a book by its cover.
（26）Traditionally, universities have carried out two main activities: research and teaching. Many （27）experts would argue that both these activities play a （28）critical role in serving the （29）community. The fundamental question, however, is how does the community want or need to be （30）served?
In recent years universities have been coming under increasing （31）pressure from both the governments and the public to （32）ensure that they do not remain ―ivory towers ‖ of study （33）separated from the realities of everyday life. University teachers have been encouraged to （34）provide more courses which graduates with the technical skills required for commercial use.
A post-industrial society requires large numbers of
computer programmers, engineers, managers, and technicians to maintain and develop its economic growth. However, （35）apart from requiring medical and social services, the society should also value and enjoy literature, music and the arts. In these cost-conscious times, it has even been pointed out in
justification for the funding of the arts that they can be useful money earners. A successful musical play, for instance, can contribute as much to the Gross National Product through
tourist dollars as any other things.