句子种类:肯定句和否定句

英语的句子种类:肯定句和否定句

定义含否定词的句子称为否定句(Negative Sentence),不含否定词的句子就称为肯定句(Affirmative Sentence)。例如:

例:Mr. Walker is an Englishman.

(华克先生是英国人。——肯定句)

例:He is not an American.

(他不是美国人。——否定句)

简单地说,表达事物的“Yes ”这一面的句子就是肯定句,“No ”的一面的就叫做否定句。

传统的英语入门都是先学肯定句,然后再学肯定句的反面,亦就是否定句。

否定句的表达方式基本上有下面的两种。

(1)使用副词否定词“not ”,例如:

(a )be ,have 为主要动词:

例:I am not a good swimmer.

(我不是一个游泳的好手。)

例:He was not at home yesterday afternoon.

(昨天下午他不在家。)

例:I have not much money.

(我没有很多钱。)

例:He has not many friend here.

(在这里他没有很多朋友。)

解说“be/have +not”常缩短成一词,尤其是日常谈话更是如此。例如:

例:You aren't [a:nt] a friend of his, are you ?

(你不是他的朋友吧,是不是?)

例:He isn't [>!znt] my brother.

(他不是我的兄弟。)

例:I wasn't [>w&znt] there at that time.

(当时我没有在那儿。)

例:There weren't [w+:nt] many people at the party yesterday.

(昨天没有很多人参加宴会。)

“am +not”不是“amn't ”,而是“aren't ”或“ain't[eint]”,例如:

例:I ain't ready.

(我还没准备好。)

例:I am very nice to you, aren't I?

(我对你很不错,是不是?)

美国人用“ain't ”很随便,应该是“are not,is not,have not,has not”的地方,他们也会“ain't ”一下就带过去,宜注意。

下面例句是“have not,has not”的缩短形。

例:I haven't[>h$vnt] a headache.

(我没有头痛。)

例:He hasn't[>h$znt] come yet.

(他还没来。)

(b )be ,have 为助动词

例:You aren't going to go to her birthday party, are you?

(你不打算参加她的生日宴会,是不是?)

例:It isn't raining outside.

(外面没有在下雨。)

例:She wasn't asked to speak at the meeting.

(她没有被请求在会上讲话。)

例:I haven't done anything wrong to her.

(他没有做对不起她的事。)

例:He hasn't yet paid the money.

(他尚未付钱。)

be+ V -ing(进行时),be +P.P.(过去分词)(被动词态),have (has ,had )+P.P.(完成时)等的“be ,have (has ,had )”皆为助动词。例1的“be going to „”在学校文法中也常被视为助动词。

(c )“助动词+V”时

动词带有助动词“will ,shall ,can ,may ,must ,need ,dare ,ought to,used to,had better”等时,将“not ”置于助动词与主要动词之间。例如:

例:I will not do it again.

I won't[wount] do it again.

(我不愿意再做这种事。)

例:The old man cannot find his way home.

(那个老人找不到回家的路。)

例:I couldn't sleep last night.

(昨夜我无法入睡。)

例:You ought not to swim in the river.

(你不应该在河里游泳。)

例:You had better not tell her everything.

(你最好不要样样事情都告诉她。)

注:“can ”的否定形式是“cannot or can't”,不可写成“can not or cann't”。

(d )使用助动词“do ”的否定句

一般动词的否定句通常使用助动词“do ”,句式如下:

句型 do (does, did)+not + V(原形动词)

例:I don't know her very well.

(我并不很了解她。)

例:He doesn't like Chinese tea very much.

(他并不很喜欢中国茶。)

例:She didn't come to school this morning.

(今天早上她没有来上学。)

例:Don't believe him.

(不要相信他的话。)

注:“have ”表达“有”以外的意义时,其否定句通常使用助动词“do ”,例如:

例:Usually I don't have (=eat) breakfast on Sunday morning.

(通常星期天早上我不吃早餐。)

例:She doesn't have (=drink) coffee for breakfast.

(她不把咖啡充作早餐喝。)

例:We didn't have (=enjoy) a good time there yesterday.

(昨天我们在那里玩得不愉快。)

不过美式英语“have ”作“有”的意义使用时也如一般动词使用助动词“do ”,例如:

例:I don't have brothers.

(我没有兄弟。)

例:We didn't have time enough to finish the work.

(我们当时没有足够的时间完成那件工作。)

(2)使用“not ”以外的否定词

“not ”以外的否定词有:

(a )副词:never ,seldom ,hardly ,little ,neither ,etc.

例:She never comes to school late.

(他上学从不迟到。)

例:She seldom comes to see me.

(她不常来看我。)

(b )形容词:no ,few ,little ,etc.

例:I have no brothers.(=I don't have brothers.)

(我没有兄弟。)

例:He has few friends in Hong Kong.

(他在香港几乎没有朋友。)

(c )代词:nothing ,nobody ,none ,etc.

例:I know nothing about computer.

(对于电脑我一窍不通。)

I found nobody about computer.

(在那栋房子里我没看到任何人。)

注:1.有些文法书认为“Not +V”为句子否定法,是否定句,而“no +n.或如nothing ,etc. ”为单词否定法,不宜称为否定句。例如:

例:He doesn't have brother.(否定句)

He has no brothers.(单词否定,但应视为肯定句,因为谓语动词是肯定。)

请注意下面两句的意义上的区别。

例:He doesn't have a breakfast.

He has not a breakfast.

(他不吃早餐。——否定句)

例:He has no breakfast.

(他没有早餐可吃。——单词否定,肯定句)

2.否定也可以借用前缀或后缀来表达,例如:

例:He is honest.

(他是诚实的。)

He is dishonest.(=He in not honest.)

(他不诚实。)

例:They have children.

(他们有小孩。)

They are childless.(=The don't have children.)

(他们没有小孩。)

Drilling Square

Ⅰ.请把下列各句改为否定句。

1.Amy is the best student in my class.

2.Jim has a lot of stamps.

3.John studies very hard this semester.

4.Bill broke the glass yesterday.

5.Did he write you a letter last week?

6.Open the window, Peter.

7.We had a walk after dinner yesterday.

Ⅱ.请把下列各句改为肯定句。

1.She doesn't have to go to school today.

2.My father doesn't go to his office by bus.

3.I didn't see him yesterday.

4.Mr. Smith won't teach us next year.

5.You need not do it today.

6.She cannot run very last.

7.She doesn't wash her clothes herself.

英语的句子种类:肯定句和否定句

定义含否定词的句子称为否定句(Negative Sentence),不含否定词的句子就称为肯定句(Affirmative Sentence)。例如:

例:Mr. Walker is an Englishman.

(华克先生是英国人。——肯定句)

例:He is not an American.

(他不是美国人。——否定句)

简单地说,表达事物的“Yes ”这一面的句子就是肯定句,“No ”的一面的就叫做否定句。

传统的英语入门都是先学肯定句,然后再学肯定句的反面,亦就是否定句。

否定句的表达方式基本上有下面的两种。

(1)使用副词否定词“not ”,例如:

(a )be ,have 为主要动词:

例:I am not a good swimmer.

(我不是一个游泳的好手。)

例:He was not at home yesterday afternoon.

(昨天下午他不在家。)

例:I have not much money.

(我没有很多钱。)

例:He has not many friend here.

(在这里他没有很多朋友。)

解说“be/have +not”常缩短成一词,尤其是日常谈话更是如此。例如:

例:You aren't [a:nt] a friend of his, are you ?

(你不是他的朋友吧,是不是?)

例:He isn't [>!znt] my brother.

(他不是我的兄弟。)

例:I wasn't [>w&znt] there at that time.

(当时我没有在那儿。)

例:There weren't [w+:nt] many people at the party yesterday.

(昨天没有很多人参加宴会。)

“am +not”不是“amn't ”,而是“aren't ”或“ain't[eint]”,例如:

例:I ain't ready.

(我还没准备好。)

例:I am very nice to you, aren't I?

(我对你很不错,是不是?)

美国人用“ain't ”很随便,应该是“are not,is not,have not,has not”的地方,他们也会“ain't ”一下就带过去,宜注意。

下面例句是“have not,has not”的缩短形。

例:I haven't[>h$vnt] a headache.

(我没有头痛。)

例:He hasn't[>h$znt] come yet.

(他还没来。)

(b )be ,have 为助动词

例:You aren't going to go to her birthday party, are you?

(你不打算参加她的生日宴会,是不是?)

例:It isn't raining outside.

(外面没有在下雨。)

例:She wasn't asked to speak at the meeting.

(她没有被请求在会上讲话。)

例:I haven't done anything wrong to her.

(他没有做对不起她的事。)

例:He hasn't yet paid the money.

(他尚未付钱。)

be+ V -ing(进行时),be +P.P.(过去分词)(被动词态),have (has ,had )+P.P.(完成时)等的“be ,have (has ,had )”皆为助动词。例1的“be going to „”在学校文法中也常被视为助动词。

(c )“助动词+V”时

动词带有助动词“will ,shall ,can ,may ,must ,need ,dare ,ought to,used to,had better”等时,将“not ”置于助动词与主要动词之间。例如:

例:I will not do it again.

I won't[wount] do it again.

(我不愿意再做这种事。)

例:The old man cannot find his way home.

(那个老人找不到回家的路。)

例:I couldn't sleep last night.

(昨夜我无法入睡。)

例:You ought not to swim in the river.

(你不应该在河里游泳。)

例:You had better not tell her everything.

(你最好不要样样事情都告诉她。)

注:“can ”的否定形式是“cannot or can't”,不可写成“can not or cann't”。

(d )使用助动词“do ”的否定句

一般动词的否定句通常使用助动词“do ”,句式如下:

句型 do (does, did)+not + V(原形动词)

例:I don't know her very well.

(我并不很了解她。)

例:He doesn't like Chinese tea very much.

(他并不很喜欢中国茶。)

例:She didn't come to school this morning.

(今天早上她没有来上学。)

例:Don't believe him.

(不要相信他的话。)

注:“have ”表达“有”以外的意义时,其否定句通常使用助动词“do ”,例如:

例:Usually I don't have (=eat) breakfast on Sunday morning.

(通常星期天早上我不吃早餐。)

例:She doesn't have (=drink) coffee for breakfast.

(她不把咖啡充作早餐喝。)

例:We didn't have (=enjoy) a good time there yesterday.

(昨天我们在那里玩得不愉快。)

不过美式英语“have ”作“有”的意义使用时也如一般动词使用助动词“do ”,例如:

例:I don't have brothers.

(我没有兄弟。)

例:We didn't have time enough to finish the work.

(我们当时没有足够的时间完成那件工作。)

(2)使用“not ”以外的否定词

“not ”以外的否定词有:

(a )副词:never ,seldom ,hardly ,little ,neither ,etc.

例:She never comes to school late.

(他上学从不迟到。)

例:She seldom comes to see me.

(她不常来看我。)

(b )形容词:no ,few ,little ,etc.

例:I have no brothers.(=I don't have brothers.)

(我没有兄弟。)

例:He has few friends in Hong Kong.

(他在香港几乎没有朋友。)

(c )代词:nothing ,nobody ,none ,etc.

例:I know nothing about computer.

(对于电脑我一窍不通。)

I found nobody about computer.

(在那栋房子里我没看到任何人。)

注:1.有些文法书认为“Not +V”为句子否定法,是否定句,而“no +n.或如nothing ,etc. ”为单词否定法,不宜称为否定句。例如:

例:He doesn't have brother.(否定句)

He has no brothers.(单词否定,但应视为肯定句,因为谓语动词是肯定。)

请注意下面两句的意义上的区别。

例:He doesn't have a breakfast.

He has not a breakfast.

(他不吃早餐。——否定句)

例:He has no breakfast.

(他没有早餐可吃。——单词否定,肯定句)

2.否定也可以借用前缀或后缀来表达,例如:

例:He is honest.

(他是诚实的。)

He is dishonest.(=He in not honest.)

(他不诚实。)

例:They have children.

(他们有小孩。)

They are childless.(=The don't have children.)

(他们没有小孩。)

Drilling Square

Ⅰ.请把下列各句改为否定句。

1.Amy is the best student in my class.

2.Jim has a lot of stamps.

3.John studies very hard this semester.

4.Bill broke the glass yesterday.

5.Did he write you a letter last week?

6.Open the window, Peter.

7.We had a walk after dinner yesterday.

Ⅱ.请把下列各句改为肯定句。

1.She doesn't have to go to school today.

2.My father doesn't go to his office by bus.

3.I didn't see him yesterday.

4.Mr. Smith won't teach us next year.

5.You need not do it today.

6.She cannot run very last.

7.She doesn't wash her clothes herself.


相关文章

  • 比喻句就是打比方
  • 比喻句就是打比方,用浅显.具体.生动的事物来代替抽象.难理解的事物.比喻句的基本结构分为三部分:本体(被比喻的事物).喻词(表示比喻关系的词语)和喻体(打比方的事物). 什么叫本体和喻体呢?就是把一个物体或人比喻成另一个物体.这样就叫比喻. ...查看


  • 英语语法知识难点--句子种类(十一)
  • I. 要点 句子按使用目的可分为陈述句.疑问句.祈使句和感叹句:按结构又分为简单句.并列句和复合句. 1.陈述句的否定 (1) 在含有宾语从句的主从复合句中,当主句的谓语动词是think, expect, believe, suppose, ...查看


  • 2010年语文中考选词填空题应试技巧
  • 短语: 词和词组合起来,构成短语(也称词组).组合不限于两个词,有时是三个或多个词,如"中学语文"是两个词,"中学语文教材"是三个词,"中学语文教材教法"就是四个词.词和词可以按照 ...查看


  • 初中英语句子种类专项复习及解析
  • 句子种类专项 考点知识精讲 按用途分,句子可分为四种:陈述句.疑问句.祈使句和感叹句. 考点一 陈述句 陈述句用来说明一个事实或陈述说话人的看法.陈述句分为肯定式和否定式两种,句末用句号,读时用降调,有五种基本句型. 1.陈述句的肯定式的形 ...查看


  • 32句子定义:(背会简单定义,掌握主要特点)
  • 句子种类 简单定义 特征 1. 陈(陈述句) 直接陈述事实的句子 既有肯定式,也有否定式,句末用句号,用降调朗读. 2.疑(疑问句) 提出疑问的句子 句末用问号,一般用升调朗读,特殊疑问句用降调朗读. 3.祈(祈使句) 请求.命令某人做某事 ...查看


  • 英语语法句子种类
  • 英语语法(句子的种类) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 陈述句 疑问句 祈使句 感叹句 强调句 用助动词进行句 反意疑问句 1. 陈述句(Declarative Sentence):说明一个事实或陈述一种看法 Lights tra ...查看


  • 编辑的基本功
  • 语文知识与编辑的基本功 乔永 (商务印书馆编审) 编辑的责任?(1.内容把关.2.编辑能力:能否发现问题--解决问题) 编辑基本功:指编辑本身的知识储备.知识结构.判断能力以及驾驭语言文字的能力. 无论什么专业背景,面对书稿.文章,编辑有了 ...查看


  • 中考修辞手法及其作用
  • 中考修辞解析 一.比喻 1.比喻:它是用某一具体.浅显.熟悉的事物或情境来说明另一种抽象.深奥.生疏的事物或情境的一种修辞方法. 作用:1将表达的内容说得生动具体形象,给人以鲜明深刻的印象,根据事物的相似点, 用具体.浅显.常见的事物对深奥 ...查看


  • 修辞方法的种类和作用
  • 一.课标与教材对修辞手法这一考点的相关要求是: 1.了解常用的修辞方法,体会它们在课文中的表达效果: 2.在阅读过程中能判断常用修辞方法的种类并理解其表达作用: 3.在交流和写作实践中能恰当地运用比喻.拟人.夸张.排比.对偶.反复.设问.反 ...查看


热门内容