薄冰实用英语语法详解之十七
名词性从句
主编 薄 冰
编著 王兰明 陈 静
山西出版传媒集团·山西教育出版社
2014年6月第4版第46次印刷
出 版 人 雷俊林
出版策划 苗补坤
责任编辑 潘 峰
ISBN 978-7-5440-3553-8
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丨学英语，凭什么让我学语法吗？？？
不时听到一些青年问道：学英语一定要学语法吗？语法应该怎么学呢？我们就这两
个问题简单地谈一点个人意见。
对中国学生来说，尤其是成年人，我看是学点语法好。语法，顾名思义，乃是语言
的法则和规律。学习语法，尤其是一些基本法则，至少有下列几个好处：
第一 可以使你学得快些，因为已有现成的前人总结的法则，用不着你从头摸索。
第二 可以使你学得透些，因为通过语法对语言现象不仅可以知其然，而且可以知
其所以然。
第三 可以使你学得准些，因为语法法则就是一条条准绳，可以用以衡量一句话是否正确。
第四 语法不但可以引你入门，更可以引你入胜，使你逐渐眼界开阔，语感加深，从而使你的英语水平不断提高。
丨那么应该如何学习语法呢？
我认为在学习语法过程中，应该注意下面几点：
第一 基本概念最重要。在学习每个语法项目时，一定要把它的基本概念搞清，牢
记在心。
第二 要大量地实践，大量地练习。实践要包括听、说、读、写四个方面，练习要
着重说和写。
第三 学习语法时，应多用比较法。如对动词时态、冠词、介词、名词的单、复数
等较难的语法项目进行相互比较，效果就比较好。
第四 要将语法法则与习惯用法分开。碰到习惯用法，就不必钻牛角尖，进行徒劳
的分析。而习惯用法在英语中则是大量地存在着的。
第五 将一本语法书通读一遍，当然也不无好处。但最好将它作为工具书，像词典
一样地经常查阅，始能学得比较细致牢靠。
第六 实用英语语法只应是入门的向导，像一根拐棍一样。英语达到一定水平之后，
就应将它扔掉。起码不要让许多语法条条充斥头脑，影响你说和写的流利性。
最后 可能还会有人说，语法应该学，就是太枯燥。我的感觉是：开头有点枯燥，
过些时候，就会像嚼橄榄似的，越学越有味了。如若不信，请试试看。
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薄冰实用英语语法之·名词性从句
目录
17——1 名词性从句概述
17——2 主句从句
由从属连词引导
由连接代词引导
由连接副词引导
it作形式主语
17——3 表语从句
由从属连词引导
由连接代词引导
由连接副词引导
其他
17——4 宾语从句
及物动词后由连接代词引导的宾语从句
介词后的宾语从句
某些形容词后的宾语从句
及物动词后由连接副词引导的宾语从句
it作形式宾语
17——5 同位语
用于抽象含义的名词后
引导同位语从句的连词
同位语从句与定语从句的区别
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17——6 单元练习
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Unit 17 名词性从句
17—1 名词性从句概述
在句子中起名词作用的从句叫做名词性从句（the Noun Clause）。根据它们在句中所充当的成分不同，名词性从句又可分为主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句四类。
17—2 主语从句
主语从句（the Subject Clause）在复合句中用作主语，它的位置与陈述句基本结构中的主语相同。引导主语从句的关联词有从属连词、连接代词和连接副词等。
[1] 由从属连词引导
引导主语从句的从属连词主要有that，whether和if等。如：
That mathematics is one of the most useful and fascinating divisions in human knowledge is widely accepted. 数学是人类知识中最有用和最令人着迷的部分之一，这一点得到了广泛的认可。
Whether it will do us harm or good remains to be seen. 这事会对我们有害还是有益，还要等等看。
[2] 由连接代词引导
(1) 引导主语从句的连接代词有who，what和which。如：
Who did the work is unknown. 这件工作是谁干的，大家都不知道。
Whom we should serve is an important question. 我们应当为谁服务是个重要问题。 What you said is quite true. （what ＝ that which，是连接代词）
你所说的话是正确的。
______makes the school proud was______more than 90% of the students had been admitted to key universities.（2003年高考上海卷）
A. What；because B. That；what
C. What；that D. That；because
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【答案选C】what引导主语从句，除了起连接作用外，还在从句中担任主语；that引导表语从句，用来表示某一事实，也能表示某人的观点、意见、要求和希望等，一般不能省略。
(2) whatever，whoever和whichever等复合连接代词也可引导主语从句。如： Whatever she did was right. 她所做的无论什么事情都是对的。
Whoever does best will get the prizes. 谁干得最出色谁就得奖。
Whichever day you come is welcome. 欢迎你随时来。
[3] 由连接副词引导
(1) 引导主语从句的连接副词有when，where，why，how等。如：
How ballads were composed has been a subject of debate among scholars. 民歌是如何创作的，这一直是学者们争论的一个问题。
When he left is unknown. 他什么时候离开的还不知道。
Where we shall do the test is still under discussion. 我们在什么地方做这个实验还在讨论。
Why the sun in the morning looks bigger than the sun at noon is very interesting.
为什么早晨的太阳看上去比中午的太阳大，这事很有趣。
(2) wherever，whenever和whichever等复合连接副词也可引导主语从句。如： However you did it is all right with me. 无论你怎样做这件事对我来说都行。
[4] it作形式主语
(1) “It + be + 名词 + 主语从句”中从句谓语动词常用（“should+）动词原形（或完成式）”，常用于本结构的名词有：a pity，a shame，no wonder等。如：
It is a great pity that he should be so greedy. 真遗憾，他竟然那么贪婪。 It is a shame that he should attempt to injure the reputation of an honest man.
他试图伤害一个老实人的名誉，那是可耻的。
It was no accident that such a book should appear in the 18th century. 此书于18世纪问世绝非偶然。
(2) “It + be + 形容词 + 主语从句”中从句谓语动词常用“（should+）动词原形（或完成
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式）”，常用于本结构的形容词有：strange，impossible，surprising等。如： It is impossible that it should be a more coincidence. 这不可能仅仅是巧合。 It is strange that you should think so. 你竟然如此想，真是奇怪。
It was surprising that he should have finished writing a novel in only twenty days. 他竟在20天内写完了一本小说，真令人吃惊。
(3) “ It + 动词的被动语态 + 主语从句”，常用于本结构的动词主要有：accept，admit，allow，announce等。如：
It is generally accepted that smoking causes bad health. 一般认为吸烟有损健康。 It was announced that the Prime Minister would speak on television that evening. 据通告，首相将于当晚发表电视讲话。
It is known to all that______you exercise regularly，you won't keep good health.
（2005年高考重庆卷）
A. unless B. whenever C. although D. if
【答案选A】It is known to all that...“众所周知……”，其中that引导主语从句，It是形式主语，指代that从句的内容——如果你不经常运动，就不会保持身体健康。whenever表示“无论何时”，although意思是“尽管，虽然”，if“如果”。B、C、D项都不能与you won't keep good health构成正确的逻辑关系。unless=if not“除非，如果不”，符合题意。
(4) “ It + 动词（+宾语或状语）+主语从句”，常用于本结构的动词主要有please，happen等。如：
It is estimated that millions of galaxies exist in the vast space outside the Milky Way. 据估计，在银河系之外的辽阔天空中存在着千百万个星系。
Prior to the eighteenth century，it was commonly believed that storms formed and died out at the same location. 18世纪之前，人们普遍认为暴风雨是在同一个地方形成和逐渐止息的。
注意
不要将“it”作形式主语的从句和 “it”引导的强调句型混淆起来。 “it”引导的强调句用来对句中某一个成分加以强调。其结构为：It is (was) + 强调部分 + that (who)从句。在正
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式英语中，无论强调什么部分，都要求用连接词that。但是在一般情况下，如果被强调的主语是“人”，则也可用who。值得注意的是，当被强调部分是状语时，只能用that，不要误用when，where，how等。动词 “be”的时态可以随着that 从句时态的不同而变化。
(5) that和whether引导的主语从句常放在句首，由it作形式主语；由if引导的主语从句只能放在句尾，由it充当形式主语。如：
It is the best that you should work hard. 你最好还是努力工作。
It is not known yet whether they will come today. 他们今天是否回来还不知道。 It is not sure if he could post this letter for me. 不知他是否能替我寄这封信。
17—3 表语从句
在复合句中作表语的从句叫做表语从句（the Predicative Clause）。引导表语从句的关联词有从属连词、连接代词或连接副词等。
[1] 由从属连词引导
(1) 引导表语从句的从属连词主要有that，whether等。if不能引导表语从句。如： My idea is that you should make good use of your time. 我的建议是你该好好利用你的时间。
The reason I didn't go to France was that I got a new job. 我没去法国的原因是我得到了一份新工作。
The question is whether we can finish our work by tomorrow evening.
问题在于我们能不能在明天晚上以前完成这项工作。
—That's______he told me the other day. —Thank you for telling me the truth.
（2005年黄冈市中考题）
A. that B. which C. when D. what
【答案选D】这是名词性从句中的表语从句，即作表语的是一句话，类似宾语从句。
(2) “It + 系动词 + 表语从句”，常用于本结构的动词主要有appear，seem等。如： Now it appears to me that he may play an important role in settling the problem. 在我看来，他可能在解决这个问题中起重要作用。
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It seems that no one knew what had happened. 似乎没有人知道发生了什么事。
[2] 由连接代词引导
引导表语从句的连接代词主要有who，what，which等。如：
Never mind what the price is； if it is what we need，we will buy it.
多少价钱不管，如果是需要的东西，我们就买。
The problem is who will stay. 问题是谁留下来。
What she wants to know is which dress she should buy. 她想知道的是她应该买哪件衣服。
[3] 由连接副词引导
引导表语从句的连接副词主要有when，where，why，how等。如： Is there where we turn off for Hull? 这是我们要转向赫尔的方向吗？
That was when I was eight. 那是我8岁时的事情了。
That is how I figured it. 据我看就是这样。
That is why she had a day－off yesterday. 这就是她昨天请假的原因。 —Are you firmly against any independence move by Taiwan?
—Of course. That is______our basic interest lies.（2006年高考湖南卷）
A. why B. when C. where
[4] 其他
有时as，as if / though和because 也可以引导表语从句。如：
Things are not always as they seem to be. 事情并不总像表面上看来那样。 It looks as if it is going to snow. 看起来天要下雪。
It may be because he is too young. 这可能是因为他太年轻了。
It sounds as though there is a knock at the door. 听起来好像有人在敲门。
17—4 宾语从句
在复合句中作宾语的从句叫做宾语从句（the Object Clause）。在谓语动词、介词之
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D. what 【答案选C】考查表语从句中连词的用法。此句中where在从句中作状语。
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后都可以带有宾语从句。某些形容词之后也可带有宾语从句。
[1] 及物动词后由连接代词引导的宾语从句
常跟连接代词that 引导宾语从句的动词有：
admit承认 agree同意 answer回答 believe相信
command命令 complain抱怨 confess供认 decide决定
declare宣布 demand要求 deny否认 doubt怀疑
dream梦想 expect期望 explain解释 feel认为
hear听说
insist坚持
prefer宁愿
report报告
urge激励
导）
Almost all economists agree that nations gain by trading with one another.
几乎所有的经济学家都承认，各国在相互的贸易中受益。（由连接代词引导） I asked him if he is sure what he is doing.
我问他是否确信知道自己在做什么。（连接词if以及连接代词引导）
The teacher asked me whether or not I finished my work.
老师问我是否完成了作业。（连接词whether or not引导）
1. Do you know______this time yesterday?（2005年黑龙江省中考题）
A. what she is cooking B. what is she cooking
C. what she was cooking D. what was she cooking
【答案选C】this time yesterday要用过去进行时，在这里问句作know的宾语，语序要用陈述语序。
2. —What did your parents think about your decision?
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—They always let me do______I think I should.（2006年高考全国卷）
A. when B. that C. how D. what
【答案选D】考查名词性从句。名词性从句的解题原则是缺什么，补什么，什么都不缺，用that。本题中do是关键词，从句中缺宾语。
3. For starters，cabin pressures at high altitudes are set at roughly______they would be if you lived at 5,000 to 8,000 feet above sea level.（2006年1月四级题）
A. who B. what C. which D. that
【答案选B】在介词at后面接一个由what引导的名词从句作其宾语，在这里是最恰当的。而如果我们用that，前面显然应该有一个名词或代词作它的先行词，譬如，文中如果我们在“at roughly”后面加上一个名词level，那么that就是正确的答案了。这句话的意思是“机舱气压可以达到相当于在海拔5000到8000英尺高时人所面对的气压”。
[2] 介词后的宾语从句
Rock was interested in whatever he saw there. 洛克对在那里看到的无论什么都感兴趣。
I was surprised at what he said. 他讲的话使我吃惊。
I know nothing about the matter except what you told me. 除你告诉我的情况以外，对此事我一无所知。
A modern city has been set up in______was a wasteland ten years ago.
（2004年高考天津卷）
A. what B. which C. that D. where
【答案选A】介词后的从句缺主语。
有时我们会碰到“介词 + it + that”结构。这时，it可被看作是that从句的先行词。如： You may depend on it that they will support you. 你放心，他们会支持你的。 I'll see to it that everything is ready on time. 我将负责按时做好一切准备。
有个别动词也用这种结构“动词+it+that”。习惯上当作固定结构理解。如： I take it that they will succeed. 我想他们会成功的。
The newspapers have it that that firm is almost bankrupt. 据报道，那家公司几乎破产
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了。
[3] 某些形容词后的宾语从句
有些形容词后的宾语从句要用虚拟语气。常用于本句型的形容词主要有： Sure certain glad sorry happy afraid
content confident
curious
thankful proud angry anxious careful lucky excited hopeful delighted surprised worried satisfied pleased disappointed 等。如： I'm sure that she will come and join us. 我相信她会来参加我们的活动。
I am not certain whether( if )the train will arrive on time. 我没有把握火车是否会准点到达。
He is pleased that he has passed a tough test. 他很高兴他通过了很难的测试。 注意
(1) 在口语和非正式文体中，that在引导宾语从句时，可以省去。如：
They say (that) he is much better. 他们说他好多了。
I'm afraid (that) he forgot about it clearly. 我恐怕他忘得一干二净了。
(2) 如果宾语从句后面跟有补语，要用形式宾语“it”来代替，而将从句放到补语的后面去。如：
He has made it clear that the meeting will not be postponed. 他说得很清楚，这个会议将不推迟。
We think it wrong that he didn't help her. 我们觉得他不帮助她是不对的。
(3) 如果主句的谓语是过去时，宾语从句的时态要调整成相应的时态。但是若宾语从句表示的是客观真理或自然现象，其谓语时态则仍用一般现在时。如：
He said that he would come again. 他说他会再来。
He said that he had left his umbrella in the library. 他说把伞忘在图书馆了。
The teacher told us that the earth moves round the sun. 老师告诉我们地球围绕太阳转。
(4) 在think，believe，suppose，expect 等动词所跟的宾语中，如果从句谓语是否定的，一般要将否定词移至主句谓语上，而将从句宾语变为肯定形式。如：
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I don't suppose it is the rush hour yet. 我看还没到（交通）高峰期。
I'm sorry，but I don't think I know you. 很抱歉，我想我并不认识你。
(5) 在hope，believe，imagine，suppose，guess，think 等及物动词以及 “I'm afraid”等表达的后面，可用so 代替一个宾语从句，该宾语从句通常是上文提到的一件事。如： “Do you think we will have good weather?” “I hope so.”“你认为我们会有好天气吗？” “我希望如此。”
其否定形式可用上述动词的否定式（hope 除外），或者用“not”代替 “so”。如： I don't believe so. (或：I believe not.) 我想不是这样。
hope 常用第二种否定形式，即 I hope not. 我不希望这样。
[4] 及物动词后由连接副词引导的宾语从句
Historical linguists study how languages evolve over time. 历史语言学家研究语言是如何随着时间的推移而发展的。
Do you know when we shall have a meeting? 你知道我们什么时候开会吗？ Do you know where Tom is? 你知道汤姆在哪儿吗？
[5] 非谓语动词后的宾语从句
Knowing how heat travels，it is possible for us to control heat. 知道了热如何传播，我们就可以控制它。
On being asked where he came from，he kept silent. 一问到他来自哪里，他就保持沉默。
[6] it作形式宾语
I think it surprising that she should be here at our club now. 我感到很惊奇，她竟然就在我们俱乐部。
I made it clear that we were determined to carry out the plan. 我已明确表示我们去执行这个计划。
She considered it important that everything should be finished by eight. 她认为在8点以前把所有的事情完成很重要。
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17—5 同位语从句
在复合句中作同位语的从句叫做同位语从句(the Appositive Clause)。它用于表示名词的内容，对其加以解释。
[1] 用于抽象含义的名词后
同位语从句通常放在answer，belief，certainty，conclusion，condition，decision，desire，doubt，dream，evidence，fact，fear，feeling，hope，idea，information，instruction，message，news，order，possibility，problem，promise，question，reply，report，rule，rumor，suggestion，thought，truth，warning等名词后面，说明该名词的具体内容。如：
We were very excited at the news that our Chinese athletes won many gold medals. 我们听到我们中国运动员赢得了许多金牌的消息非常激动。
The fact that the contract was signed was important. 签订了合同这件事本身就很重要。 I don't believe the rumor that he killed his daughter. 我不相信他杀死了他女儿的谣言。 —It's thirty years since we last met.
—But I still remember the story，believe it or not，______we got lost on a rainy night.
（2006年高考四川卷）
A. which B. that C. what D. when
【答案选B】句中believe it or not是插入语，that引导的同位语从句表示“the story”的内容，即：“我们在一个下着大雨的夜晚迷了路”。that在句中不充当任何成分。
[2] 引导同位语从句的连词
引导同位语从句常见的连词有：that，whether，when，which，who，how，what，why等。如：
The question，whether we need it，has not yet been considered. 我们是否需要它，这个问题还没有考虑。
I have no idea when she will be back. 我不知道她何时回来。
I have no idea which dictionary is hers. 我不知道哪本词典是她的。
The question who was to blame has never been settled. 该由谁负责，这个问题根本没有解决。
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It is very difficult to answer your question how I did it. 很难回答你提出的我是怎样做的问题。
Next comes question what you want it for. 接下来就是这个问题，你要它做什么。 My question，why he did at all，has not been answered. 我的问题，究竟为什么他做这件事，还没有得到回答。
We haven't settled the question of______it is necessary for him to study abroad.
（2006年高考江苏卷）
A. if
用if。
同位语从句有时有被其他词隔开的情况。如：
We've just heard a warning on the radio that a typhoon may be on its way. 我们刚从广播里听到一则气象警报，说有一股台风即将到来。
The question came up at the meeting whether we had enough money for our research. 会上提出了我们的研究经费是否够的问题。
The rumor spread that a new hospital would be built here. 谣传这里要建一所新的医院。
The story goes that they are divorced. 传说他们离婚了。
Nobody believed his reason for being absent from the class______he had to meet his uncle at the airport.（2006年高考重庆卷）
A. why B. that C. where D. because
【答案选B】题干中for being absent from the class已是reason的修饰语，因而后面的从句是说明reason的内容，作同位语从句。
[3] 同位语从句与定语从句的区别
同位语从句 定语从句
“从句”全句“修饰、限制”“ 与“先行词”
的关系 “从句”全句既“说明、修饰”“ B. where C. whether D. that 【答案选C】根据句意排除B、D。介词of后面用同位语从句时，只用whether，不先行词”，又“等同”于“先行词”。 先行词”；由“关系词”替代“
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先行词”在从句中充当成分。
用“连词”引导。若用连词“that” 用“关系词”引导，“关系词”都 时，that 不作从句的成分，一
般也不能省去。
由于同位语从句常常可译为“……的想法，消息”等，因此有的语法家将其归为特殊的定语从句。事实上两者还是有一定区别的。如：
We are delighted at the news that we are going to spend our summer vacation in Dalian. 听到暑假将要在大连度过的消息，我们非常高兴。（同位语从句，句中that从句中本身的内容，就是 news内容本身，that在从句中不充当句子成分，只起连接作用）
Neither of us showed any interest in the news that John told us yesterday. 对约翰昨天告诉的消息我俩都不感兴趣。
（定语从句，that从句说明是怎样的news，that 在从句中充当tell的宾语） Along with the letter was his promise______he would visit me this coming Christmas.
（2004年高考上海卷）
A. that B. which C. what D. whether
【答案选A】that引导同位语从句。that引导的同位语从句通常是对前面的名词做进一步说明，无实际意义，不作任何成分，但不可省略。
17—6 单元练习
Ⅰ. 选择最佳答案填空。
(1) I want to know______the day after tomorrow.
A. what he will do B. what will he do
C. what he did D. what did he do
(2) —Could you please tell me______?
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—It's next to the post office.
A. where is the supermarket B. where the supermarket is
C. where was the supermarket D. where the supermarket was
(3) Excuse me，could you please tell me which gate______?
A. we have to go to B. we had to go to
C. do we have to go to D. did we have to go to
D. that
D. whenever (4) Mary wrote an article on______the team had failed to win the game. A. why B. what C. who A. whichever (5) The poor young man is ready to accept______help he can get. B. however C. whatever
B. will you come
D. do you come (6) As soon as he comes back，I'll tell him when______and see him. A. you will come C. you come
(7) Great changes have taken place in that school. It is no longer______it was 20 years ago，______it was so poorly equipped.
A. what；when
C. what；which B. that；which D. which；that
(8)______is known to us all is that the old scientist，for______life was hard in the past，still works very hard in his eighties.
A. As；whom
C. It；whose
B. What；whom D. As；whose B. where；where D. where；which
D. which (9) That art centre is______used to be a factory，______millions of tractors were made. A. what；where C. what；which A. as (10) A container weighs more after air is put in，______proves that air has weight. B. it C. that
(11) The question has been raised at the meeting______each member country should share
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the expenses of the committee.
A. which B. if C. what D. whether
(12)______quite common for people to believe that more and more teenagers have become addicted to on-line games.
A. As is B. That is C. It is D. What is
C. where D. how (13) —The parents try to do everything for their son. —That's______they are mistaken. A. wherever B. when
as a teacher.
A. and nothing
C. was that nothing
Ⅱ. 改错题。
(1) The main problem was in that I always thought.
(2) I just checked the results because I thought that was dull to watch a game in which players kicked a ball each.
(3) Besides，I have few friends. I don't know that they don't like to talk with me.
(4) I'll study it—just which I have been dreaming about.
(5) ...and curious at that was going to happen when...
参考答案
Ⅰ. (1) A (2) B (3) A (4) A (5) C (6) A (7) A (8) B (9) A (10) D (11) D (12) C (13) C (14) D Ⅱ. (1) 去掉in (2) that改为it (3) that改为why (4) which改为what (5) that改为what
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薄冰实用英语语法详解之十七
名词性从句
主编 薄 冰
编著 王兰明 陈 静
山西出版传媒集团·山西教育出版社
2014年6月第4版第46次印刷
出 版 人 雷俊林
出版策划 苗补坤
责任编辑 潘 峰
ISBN 978-7-5440-3553-8
更加深入学习英语语法请加微平台bbzdzyyyf
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丨学英语，凭什么让我学语法吗？？？
不时听到一些青年问道：学英语一定要学语法吗？语法应该怎么学呢？我们就这两
个问题简单地谈一点个人意见。
对中国学生来说，尤其是成年人，我看是学点语法好。语法，顾名思义，乃是语言
的法则和规律。学习语法，尤其是一些基本法则，至少有下列几个好处：
第一 可以使你学得快些，因为已有现成的前人总结的法则，用不着你从头摸索。
第二 可以使你学得透些，因为通过语法对语言现象不仅可以知其然，而且可以知
其所以然。
第三 可以使你学得准些，因为语法法则就是一条条准绳，可以用以衡量一句话是否正确。
第四 语法不但可以引你入门，更可以引你入胜，使你逐渐眼界开阔，语感加深，从而使你的英语水平不断提高。
丨那么应该如何学习语法呢？
我认为在学习语法过程中，应该注意下面几点：
第一 基本概念最重要。在学习每个语法项目时，一定要把它的基本概念搞清，牢
记在心。
第二 要大量地实践，大量地练习。实践要包括听、说、读、写四个方面，练习要
着重说和写。
第三 学习语法时，应多用比较法。如对动词时态、冠词、介词、名词的单、复数
等较难的语法项目进行相互比较，效果就比较好。
第四 要将语法法则与习惯用法分开。碰到习惯用法，就不必钻牛角尖，进行徒劳
的分析。而习惯用法在英语中则是大量地存在着的。
第五 将一本语法书通读一遍，当然也不无好处。但最好将它作为工具书，像词典
一样地经常查阅，始能学得比较细致牢靠。
第六 实用英语语法只应是入门的向导，像一根拐棍一样。英语达到一定水平之后，
就应将它扔掉。起码不要让许多语法条条充斥头脑，影响你说和写的流利性。
最后 可能还会有人说，语法应该学，就是太枯燥。我的感觉是：开头有点枯燥，
过些时候，就会像嚼橄榄似的，越学越有味了。如若不信，请试试看。
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薄冰实用英语语法之·名词性从句
目录
17——1 名词性从句概述
17——2 主句从句
由从属连词引导
由连接代词引导
由连接副词引导
it作形式主语
17——3 表语从句
由从属连词引导
由连接代词引导
由连接副词引导
其他
17——4 宾语从句
及物动词后由连接代词引导的宾语从句
介词后的宾语从句
某些形容词后的宾语从句
及物动词后由连接副词引导的宾语从句
it作形式宾语
17——5 同位语
用于抽象含义的名词后
引导同位语从句的连词
同位语从句与定语从句的区别
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17——6 单元练习
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Unit 17 名词性从句
17—1 名词性从句概述
在句子中起名词作用的从句叫做名词性从句（the Noun Clause）。根据它们在句中所充当的成分不同，名词性从句又可分为主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句四类。
17—2 主语从句
主语从句（the Subject Clause）在复合句中用作主语，它的位置与陈述句基本结构中的主语相同。引导主语从句的关联词有从属连词、连接代词和连接副词等。
[1] 由从属连词引导
引导主语从句的从属连词主要有that，whether和if等。如：
That mathematics is one of the most useful and fascinating divisions in human knowledge is widely accepted. 数学是人类知识中最有用和最令人着迷的部分之一，这一点得到了广泛的认可。
Whether it will do us harm or good remains to be seen. 这事会对我们有害还是有益，还要等等看。
[2] 由连接代词引导
(1) 引导主语从句的连接代词有who，what和which。如：
Who did the work is unknown. 这件工作是谁干的，大家都不知道。
Whom we should serve is an important question. 我们应当为谁服务是个重要问题。 What you said is quite true. （what ＝ that which，是连接代词）
你所说的话是正确的。
______makes the school proud was______more than 90% of the students had been admitted to key universities.（2003年高考上海卷）
A. What；because B. That；what
C. What；that D. That；because
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【答案选C】what引导主语从句，除了起连接作用外，还在从句中担任主语；that引导表语从句，用来表示某一事实，也能表示某人的观点、意见、要求和希望等，一般不能省略。
(2) whatever，whoever和whichever等复合连接代词也可引导主语从句。如： Whatever she did was right. 她所做的无论什么事情都是对的。
Whoever does best will get the prizes. 谁干得最出色谁就得奖。
Whichever day you come is welcome. 欢迎你随时来。
[3] 由连接副词引导
(1) 引导主语从句的连接副词有when，where，why，how等。如：
How ballads were composed has been a subject of debate among scholars. 民歌是如何创作的，这一直是学者们争论的一个问题。
When he left is unknown. 他什么时候离开的还不知道。
Where we shall do the test is still under discussion. 我们在什么地方做这个实验还在讨论。
Why the sun in the morning looks bigger than the sun at noon is very interesting.
为什么早晨的太阳看上去比中午的太阳大，这事很有趣。
(2) wherever，whenever和whichever等复合连接副词也可引导主语从句。如： However you did it is all right with me. 无论你怎样做这件事对我来说都行。
[4] it作形式主语
(1) “It + be + 名词 + 主语从句”中从句谓语动词常用（“should+）动词原形（或完成式）”，常用于本结构的名词有：a pity，a shame，no wonder等。如：
It is a great pity that he should be so greedy. 真遗憾，他竟然那么贪婪。 It is a shame that he should attempt to injure the reputation of an honest man.
他试图伤害一个老实人的名誉，那是可耻的。
It was no accident that such a book should appear in the 18th century. 此书于18世纪问世绝非偶然。
(2) “It + be + 形容词 + 主语从句”中从句谓语动词常用“（should+）动词原形（或完成
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式）”，常用于本结构的形容词有：strange，impossible，surprising等。如： It is impossible that it should be a more coincidence. 这不可能仅仅是巧合。 It is strange that you should think so. 你竟然如此想，真是奇怪。
It was surprising that he should have finished writing a novel in only twenty days. 他竟在20天内写完了一本小说，真令人吃惊。
(3) “ It + 动词的被动语态 + 主语从句”，常用于本结构的动词主要有：accept，admit，allow，announce等。如：
It is generally accepted that smoking causes bad health. 一般认为吸烟有损健康。 It was announced that the Prime Minister would speak on television that evening. 据通告，首相将于当晚发表电视讲话。
It is known to all that______you exercise regularly，you won't keep good health.
（2005年高考重庆卷）
A. unless B. whenever C. although D. if
【答案选A】It is known to all that...“众所周知……”，其中that引导主语从句，It是形式主语，指代that从句的内容——如果你不经常运动，就不会保持身体健康。whenever表示“无论何时”，although意思是“尽管，虽然”，if“如果”。B、C、D项都不能与you won't keep good health构成正确的逻辑关系。unless=if not“除非，如果不”，符合题意。
(4) “ It + 动词（+宾语或状语）+主语从句”，常用于本结构的动词主要有please，happen等。如：
It is estimated that millions of galaxies exist in the vast space outside the Milky Way. 据估计，在银河系之外的辽阔天空中存在着千百万个星系。
Prior to the eighteenth century，it was commonly believed that storms formed and died out at the same location. 18世纪之前，人们普遍认为暴风雨是在同一个地方形成和逐渐止息的。
注意
不要将“it”作形式主语的从句和 “it”引导的强调句型混淆起来。 “it”引导的强调句用来对句中某一个成分加以强调。其结构为：It is (was) + 强调部分 + that (who)从句。在正
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式英语中，无论强调什么部分，都要求用连接词that。但是在一般情况下，如果被强调的主语是“人”，则也可用who。值得注意的是，当被强调部分是状语时，只能用that，不要误用when，where，how等。动词 “be”的时态可以随着that 从句时态的不同而变化。
(5) that和whether引导的主语从句常放在句首，由it作形式主语；由if引导的主语从句只能放在句尾，由it充当形式主语。如：
It is the best that you should work hard. 你最好还是努力工作。
It is not known yet whether they will come today. 他们今天是否回来还不知道。 It is not sure if he could post this letter for me. 不知他是否能替我寄这封信。
17—3 表语从句
在复合句中作表语的从句叫做表语从句（the Predicative Clause）。引导表语从句的关联词有从属连词、连接代词或连接副词等。
[1] 由从属连词引导
(1) 引导表语从句的从属连词主要有that，whether等。if不能引导表语从句。如： My idea is that you should make good use of your time. 我的建议是你该好好利用你的时间。
The reason I didn't go to France was that I got a new job. 我没去法国的原因是我得到了一份新工作。
The question is whether we can finish our work by tomorrow evening.
问题在于我们能不能在明天晚上以前完成这项工作。
—That's______he told me the other day. —Thank you for telling me the truth.
（2005年黄冈市中考题）
A. that B. which C. when D. what
【答案选D】这是名词性从句中的表语从句，即作表语的是一句话，类似宾语从句。
(2) “It + 系动词 + 表语从句”，常用于本结构的动词主要有appear，seem等。如： Now it appears to me that he may play an important role in settling the problem. 在我看来，他可能在解决这个问题中起重要作用。
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It seems that no one knew what had happened. 似乎没有人知道发生了什么事。
[2] 由连接代词引导
引导表语从句的连接代词主要有who，what，which等。如：
Never mind what the price is； if it is what we need，we will buy it.
多少价钱不管，如果是需要的东西，我们就买。
The problem is who will stay. 问题是谁留下来。
What she wants to know is which dress she should buy. 她想知道的是她应该买哪件衣服。
[3] 由连接副词引导
引导表语从句的连接副词主要有when，where，why，how等。如： Is there where we turn off for Hull? 这是我们要转向赫尔的方向吗？
That was when I was eight. 那是我8岁时的事情了。
That is how I figured it. 据我看就是这样。
That is why she had a day－off yesterday. 这就是她昨天请假的原因。 —Are you firmly against any independence move by Taiwan?
—Of course. That is______our basic interest lies.（2006年高考湖南卷）
A. why B. when C. where
[4] 其他
有时as，as if / though和because 也可以引导表语从句。如：
Things are not always as they seem to be. 事情并不总像表面上看来那样。 It looks as if it is going to snow. 看起来天要下雪。
It may be because he is too young. 这可能是因为他太年轻了。
It sounds as though there is a knock at the door. 听起来好像有人在敲门。
17—4 宾语从句
在复合句中作宾语的从句叫做宾语从句（the Object Clause）。在谓语动词、介词之
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D. what 【答案选C】考查表语从句中连词的用法。此句中where在从句中作状语。
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后都可以带有宾语从句。某些形容词之后也可带有宾语从句。
[1] 及物动词后由连接代词引导的宾语从句
常跟连接代词that 引导宾语从句的动词有：
admit承认 agree同意 answer回答 believe相信
command命令 complain抱怨 confess供认 decide决定
declare宣布 demand要求 deny否认 doubt怀疑
dream梦想 expect期望 explain解释 feel认为
hear听说
insist坚持
prefer宁愿
report报告
urge激励
导）
Almost all economists agree that nations gain by trading with one another.
几乎所有的经济学家都承认，各国在相互的贸易中受益。（由连接代词引导） I asked him if he is sure what he is doing.
我问他是否确信知道自己在做什么。（连接词if以及连接代词引导）
The teacher asked me whether or not I finished my work.
老师问我是否完成了作业。（连接词whether or not引导）
1. Do you know______this time yesterday?（2005年黑龙江省中考题）
A. what she is cooking B. what is she cooking
C. what she was cooking D. what was she cooking
【答案选C】this time yesterday要用过去进行时，在这里问句作know的宾语，语序要用陈述语序。
2. —What did your parents think about your decision?
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—They always let me do______I think I should.（2006年高考全国卷）
A. when B. that C. how D. what
【答案选D】考查名词性从句。名词性从句的解题原则是缺什么，补什么，什么都不缺，用that。本题中do是关键词，从句中缺宾语。
3. For starters，cabin pressures at high altitudes are set at roughly______they would be if you lived at 5,000 to 8,000 feet above sea level.（2006年1月四级题）
A. who B. what C. which D. that
【答案选B】在介词at后面接一个由what引导的名词从句作其宾语，在这里是最恰当的。而如果我们用that，前面显然应该有一个名词或代词作它的先行词，譬如，文中如果我们在“at roughly”后面加上一个名词level，那么that就是正确的答案了。这句话的意思是“机舱气压可以达到相当于在海拔5000到8000英尺高时人所面对的气压”。
[2] 介词后的宾语从句
Rock was interested in whatever he saw there. 洛克对在那里看到的无论什么都感兴趣。
I was surprised at what he said. 他讲的话使我吃惊。
I know nothing about the matter except what you told me. 除你告诉我的情况以外，对此事我一无所知。
A modern city has been set up in______was a wasteland ten years ago.
（2004年高考天津卷）
A. what B. which C. that D. where
【答案选A】介词后的从句缺主语。
有时我们会碰到“介词 + it + that”结构。这时，it可被看作是that从句的先行词。如： You may depend on it that they will support you. 你放心，他们会支持你的。 I'll see to it that everything is ready on time. 我将负责按时做好一切准备。
有个别动词也用这种结构“动词+it+that”。习惯上当作固定结构理解。如： I take it that they will succeed. 我想他们会成功的。
The newspapers have it that that firm is almost bankrupt. 据报道，那家公司几乎破产
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了。
[3] 某些形容词后的宾语从句
有些形容词后的宾语从句要用虚拟语气。常用于本句型的形容词主要有： Sure certain glad sorry happy afraid
content confident
curious
thankful proud angry anxious careful lucky excited hopeful delighted surprised worried satisfied pleased disappointed 等。如： I'm sure that she will come and join us. 我相信她会来参加我们的活动。
I am not certain whether( if )the train will arrive on time. 我没有把握火车是否会准点到达。
He is pleased that he has passed a tough test. 他很高兴他通过了很难的测试。 注意
(1) 在口语和非正式文体中，that在引导宾语从句时，可以省去。如：
They say (that) he is much better. 他们说他好多了。
I'm afraid (that) he forgot about it clearly. 我恐怕他忘得一干二净了。
(2) 如果宾语从句后面跟有补语，要用形式宾语“it”来代替，而将从句放到补语的后面去。如：
He has made it clear that the meeting will not be postponed. 他说得很清楚，这个会议将不推迟。
We think it wrong that he didn't help her. 我们觉得他不帮助她是不对的。
(3) 如果主句的谓语是过去时，宾语从句的时态要调整成相应的时态。但是若宾语从句表示的是客观真理或自然现象，其谓语时态则仍用一般现在时。如：
He said that he would come again. 他说他会再来。
He said that he had left his umbrella in the library. 他说把伞忘在图书馆了。
The teacher told us that the earth moves round the sun. 老师告诉我们地球围绕太阳转。
(4) 在think，believe，suppose，expect 等动词所跟的宾语中，如果从句谓语是否定的，一般要将否定词移至主句谓语上，而将从句宾语变为肯定形式。如：
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I don't suppose it is the rush hour yet. 我看还没到（交通）高峰期。
I'm sorry，but I don't think I know you. 很抱歉，我想我并不认识你。
(5) 在hope，believe，imagine，suppose，guess，think 等及物动词以及 “I'm afraid”等表达的后面，可用so 代替一个宾语从句，该宾语从句通常是上文提到的一件事。如： “Do you think we will have good weather?” “I hope so.”“你认为我们会有好天气吗？” “我希望如此。”
其否定形式可用上述动词的否定式（hope 除外），或者用“not”代替 “so”。如： I don't believe so. (或：I believe not.) 我想不是这样。
hope 常用第二种否定形式，即 I hope not. 我不希望这样。
[4] 及物动词后由连接副词引导的宾语从句
Historical linguists study how languages evolve over time. 历史语言学家研究语言是如何随着时间的推移而发展的。
Do you know when we shall have a meeting? 你知道我们什么时候开会吗？ Do you know where Tom is? 你知道汤姆在哪儿吗？
[5] 非谓语动词后的宾语从句
Knowing how heat travels，it is possible for us to control heat. 知道了热如何传播，我们就可以控制它。
On being asked where he came from，he kept silent. 一问到他来自哪里，他就保持沉默。
[6] it作形式宾语
I think it surprising that she should be here at our club now. 我感到很惊奇，她竟然就在我们俱乐部。
I made it clear that we were determined to carry out the plan. 我已明确表示我们去执行这个计划。
She considered it important that everything should be finished by eight. 她认为在8点以前把所有的事情完成很重要。
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17—5 同位语从句
在复合句中作同位语的从句叫做同位语从句(the Appositive Clause)。它用于表示名词的内容，对其加以解释。
[1] 用于抽象含义的名词后
同位语从句通常放在answer，belief，certainty，conclusion，condition，decision，desire，doubt，dream，evidence，fact，fear，feeling，hope，idea，information，instruction，message，news，order，possibility，problem，promise，question，reply，report，rule，rumor，suggestion，thought，truth，warning等名词后面，说明该名词的具体内容。如：
We were very excited at the news that our Chinese athletes won many gold medals. 我们听到我们中国运动员赢得了许多金牌的消息非常激动。
The fact that the contract was signed was important. 签订了合同这件事本身就很重要。 I don't believe the rumor that he killed his daughter. 我不相信他杀死了他女儿的谣言。 —It's thirty years since we last met.
—But I still remember the story，believe it or not，______we got lost on a rainy night.
（2006年高考四川卷）
A. which B. that C. what D. when
【答案选B】句中believe it or not是插入语，that引导的同位语从句表示“the story”的内容，即：“我们在一个下着大雨的夜晚迷了路”。that在句中不充当任何成分。
[2] 引导同位语从句的连词
引导同位语从句常见的连词有：that，whether，when，which，who，how，what，why等。如：
The question，whether we need it，has not yet been considered. 我们是否需要它，这个问题还没有考虑。
I have no idea when she will be back. 我不知道她何时回来。
I have no idea which dictionary is hers. 我不知道哪本词典是她的。
The question who was to blame has never been settled. 该由谁负责，这个问题根本没有解决。
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It is very difficult to answer your question how I did it. 很难回答你提出的我是怎样做的问题。
Next comes question what you want it for. 接下来就是这个问题，你要它做什么。 My question，why he did at all，has not been answered. 我的问题，究竟为什么他做这件事，还没有得到回答。
We haven't settled the question of______it is necessary for him to study abroad.
（2006年高考江苏卷）
A. if
用if。
同位语从句有时有被其他词隔开的情况。如：
We've just heard a warning on the radio that a typhoon may be on its way. 我们刚从广播里听到一则气象警报，说有一股台风即将到来。
The question came up at the meeting whether we had enough money for our research. 会上提出了我们的研究经费是否够的问题。
The rumor spread that a new hospital would be built here. 谣传这里要建一所新的医院。
The story goes that they are divorced. 传说他们离婚了。
Nobody believed his reason for being absent from the class______he had to meet his uncle at the airport.（2006年高考重庆卷）
A. why B. that C. where D. because
【答案选B】题干中for being absent from the class已是reason的修饰语，因而后面的从句是说明reason的内容，作同位语从句。
[3] 同位语从句与定语从句的区别
同位语从句 定语从句
“从句”全句“修饰、限制”“ 与“先行词”
的关系 “从句”全句既“说明、修饰”“ B. where C. whether D. that 【答案选C】根据句意排除B、D。介词of后面用同位语从句时，只用whether，不先行词”，又“等同”于“先行词”。 先行词”；由“关系词”替代“
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先行词”在从句中充当成分。
用“连词”引导。若用连词“that” 用“关系词”引导，“关系词”都 时，that 不作从句的成分，一
般也不能省去。
由于同位语从句常常可译为“……的想法，消息”等，因此有的语法家将其归为特殊的定语从句。事实上两者还是有一定区别的。如：
We are delighted at the news that we are going to spend our summer vacation in Dalian. 听到暑假将要在大连度过的消息，我们非常高兴。（同位语从句，句中that从句中本身的内容，就是 news内容本身，that在从句中不充当句子成分，只起连接作用）
Neither of us showed any interest in the news that John told us yesterday. 对约翰昨天告诉的消息我俩都不感兴趣。
（定语从句，that从句说明是怎样的news，that 在从句中充当tell的宾语） Along with the letter was his promise______he would visit me this coming Christmas.
（2004年高考上海卷）
A. that B. which C. what D. whether
【答案选A】that引导同位语从句。that引导的同位语从句通常是对前面的名词做进一步说明，无实际意义，不作任何成分，但不可省略。
17—6 单元练习
Ⅰ. 选择最佳答案填空。
(1) I want to know______the day after tomorrow.
A. what he will do B. what will he do
C. what he did D. what did he do
(2) —Could you please tell me______?
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—It's next to the post office.
A. where is the supermarket B. where the supermarket is
C. where was the supermarket D. where the supermarket was
(3) Excuse me，could you please tell me which gate______?
A. we have to go to B. we had to go to
C. do we have to go to D. did we have to go to
D. that
D. whenever (4) Mary wrote an article on______the team had failed to win the game. A. why B. what C. who A. whichever (5) The poor young man is ready to accept______help he can get. B. however C. whatever
B. will you come
D. do you come (6) As soon as he comes back，I'll tell him when______and see him. A. you will come C. you come
(7) Great changes have taken place in that school. It is no longer______it was 20 years ago，______it was so poorly equipped.
A. what；when
C. what；which B. that；which D. which；that
(8)______is known to us all is that the old scientist，for______life was hard in the past，still works very hard in his eighties.
A. As；whom
C. It；whose
B. What；whom D. As；whose B. where；where D. where；which
D. which (9) That art centre is______used to be a factory，______millions of tractors were made. A. what；where C. what；which A. as (10) A container weighs more after air is put in，______proves that air has weight. B. it C. that
(11) The question has been raised at the meeting______each member country should share
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the expenses of the committee.
A. which B. if C. what D. whether
(12)______quite common for people to believe that more and more teenagers have become addicted to on-line games.
A. As is B. That is C. It is D. What is
C. where D. how (13) —The parents try to do everything for their son. —That's______they are mistaken. A. wherever B. when
as a teacher.
A. and nothing
C. was that nothing
Ⅱ. 改错题。
(1) The main problem was in that I always thought.
(2) I just checked the results because I thought that was dull to watch a game in which players kicked a ball each.
(3) Besides，I have few friends. I don't know that they don't like to talk with me.
(4) I'll study it—just which I have been dreaming about.
(5) ...and curious at that was going to happen when...
参考答案
Ⅰ. (1) A (2) B (3) A (4) A (5) C (6) A (7) A (8) B (9) A (10) D (11) D (12) C (13) C (14) D Ⅱ. (1) 去掉in (2) that改为it (3) that改为why (4) which改为what (5) that改为what
全国优秀畅销书，薄冰、张道真系列语法图书销售突破220万册！ (14) Miss Ling expressed her strong determination______could make her give up her career B. which nothing D. that nothing