济南概况
The Overview of JiNan
尊敬的各位来宾：
下边，把济南的情况给大家做一个简单的介绍。
My distinguished guests :
Now I ‘d like to give you a simple introduction of JiNan.
●济南面积和人口等 the acreage and population of jinan
山东按行政区域划分为17个地市。济南市是山东省的省会城市，是全省的政治、经济、文化、科研、教育、交通等中心。它位于山东省中西部，南边是泰山、北边靠黄河，总面积8177平方公里，辖6区3县1市。济南有常住人口600万，其中城区人口243万。济南的市树为垂柳，市花为荷花。
Shandong province is divided into 17 cities according to the
administration region. Jinan as the the provincial capital city of
Shandong province is the centre of whole province in politics, economies, culture, research, education and communication,and so on. It is located in the midwest of Shandong province, its south is Mount Taishan and its north depend to the yellow river. Jinan’s total area is 8177 square kilometers, governing 6 zones ,3 counties and one city. It has a permanent population of 6,000,000, among which 2,430,000 is urban population. weeping willow is Jinan ’s city tree and the water lily is its city flower. ●济南气候 the weather of jinan
济南地处中纬度地带，气候温和，四季分明。全年降水的60%集中在夏
季。济南是一座气候宜人的城市，历代文人多有诗词文章歌颂。大家耳熟能详的有当代著名文人老舍的作品《济南的冬天》。其实他还写了《济南的春天》和《济南的秋天》，都对济南这座城市的气候和天气赞不绝口。
Located in the middle-latitude zone, jinan ’s weather is moderate, seasons are clear here. 60% precipitation of the whole year is
concentrated in summer. Jinan is such a city with pleasant weather that many literaties have the poem or article to to praise it in defferent ages. Contemporary famous writer,Lao She’s is familiar to everyone. In fact , beside that he also wrote and to praise the climate and weather of this city. ●济南的由来the origin of jinan
前面我介绍了山东名称的由来，大家想知道济南这座城市的名字是怎么
得名的吗？中国古代有著名的三山、五岳、四渎，这四渎是四条著名的河流，它们是黄河、长江、淮河和济水河。济水河的河床就是今天黄河济南段的河床。济南因位于济水河的南岸，因而得名。原先黄河并不流经济南，只是在清朝咸丰五年（1855），黄河在河南的铜瓦箱决口，黄河水夺济水河河床入海，自此济水河消失，黄河流经济南。
I have introduced the case of the denomination of “shandong ”.Do you want to known how this city get the name of “jinan ”? In ancient times china has three mountains, five Yues and four channels, these four
channels are four famous rivers, they are yellow river, Yangtze River, Huaihe and jishui river.The bed of jishui river now is the river bed of yellow river in jinan. Jinan gets its name because of being located in southern land of jishuiriver.The yellow river didn't flow through jinan at first, just in the Manchu Dynasty xianfeng five years(1855), the yellow river overflowed in “the actinium kiowatt box ” of Henan, water of yellow river jayhawk the river bed of jishui river to run into sea, from that time on jishui river absenced, the yellow river flowed through jinan.
济南是黄河下游的一座古城，历史源远流长，素有齐鲁雄都，海右名城之称。早在春秋时，称泺邑，是济南最早记入史册的地名；战国时，济南为历下邑；汉至明、清相继在济南设郡、府。从明代起，为山东省治，济南便一直是山东省政治、经济、文化中心。1929年正式设市，1948年9月24日解放。
Jinan is an ancient city with a long history downstream yellow river, named of “hero capitalcity of QiLu ”and “famous city right to the sea. As early as the Spring and Autumn Period jinan was calls Luo Yi which was the earliest name of jinan to have being recorded in historical work; On the the Period of Warring States jinan was called LiXia city;From Han Dynasty to Ming and Qing Dynasty prefecture and capital was set up in jinan one after another. Since Ming Dynasty jinan was governed of Shandong province, from then on it has became to be the politics, economies and cultural centre of Shandong province. Jinan was formally established as city in1929 and liberated on September 24, 1948.
●济南的泉水 the sprig water of jinan
正如哈尔滨被称为冰城、昆明被称为春城一样，济南也有个别称，叫泉
城。因为济南泉水众多而得名。据统计，只济南市区就有泉100多处，著名的有72处。这些泉大都分布在济南老城区。古人就有“齐多甘泉，甲于天下”、“家家泉水，户户垂杨”的赞誉。也许大家会问了，济南为什么会有这么多的泉呢？这还是跟济南的地形地势有关。济南地势南高北低，南部山区是由易渗水的碳酸岩组成，大气降水下渗，沿着地势向北潜流，在济南老城区遇到不透水的辉长岩体堵截，水流积聚到一定程度，就在地质构造比较薄弱的地方喷涌而出，从而形成济南众多的泉群。
Just as Harbin is called ice city, Kunming is called spring city, jinan is known as spring city because there are so many springs in jinan. According to the statistics, there are more than 100 springs in jinan ’s urban area, 72 springs are well-known.These springs are mostly
distributed in jinan’s old city zone,the ancients commend this as “spring spread all over Qi area,second to none all over the world”“ every family has spring and door to door has weeping willow ”.Probably you will ask why jinan has so many springs?This is still attributes to the geography of jinan. The south of jinan is higher than the north ,the north mountain area is composed of carbonatite which is easy for the water to ooze, precipitation water underflows to the north along geography, when the water comes to jinan’s old city zone,meeting the watertight gabbro body it becomes to accumulate and when the water current s gathers to a certain extent it flows out of the thinner place in geologic structure to form numerous springs.
2004年4月2日，济南新七十二名泉评审最终“尘埃落定”。济南七十
二名泉评审委员会召开新闻发布会，正式向社会公布了济南新七十二名泉及十大泉群评审结果。
On April 2, 2004, the new 72 springs fo jinan was finally choosed. Validation committee of 72 springs convened a Press Conference to formally pubulish the validation result of lately 72 springs and ten greatest springs.
新七十二名泉的评审，本着尊重历史，尊重古人，与时俱进，有利管理，重在保护，以市区为主，兼顾郊县（市区）的原则，对历史上金、明、清三代所列七十二名泉进行全面考察，能保留的尽量予以保留。对历史上未列入七十二名泉的泉水，水势旺盛，具有良好自然人文环境和旅游价值的，经考察评审也列入
新七十二名泉。同时，依据泉水的分布、数量、地质结构和泉水径流特点，划分了以趵突泉、珍珠泉、黑虎泉、五龙潭为中心的四大市区内的泉群，新划定了百脉泉泉群、洪范池泉群、涌泉泉群、袈裟泉泉群、玉河泉泉群和白泉泉群等六大周边县市区泉群，形成了济南市十大泉群。
The validation of new 72 springs is in the light of to respect history, respect the ancients, keep up with the Times, avail to
supervision, heavy in safeguard, give attention to downtown area at the same time take suburb county into account ,give comprehensive
investigatation to the 72 springs in the history of Jin Dynasty, Ming Dynasty and Qing Dynasty, try best to reserve those which can be reserved. The other springs that didn't be included in 72 springs in the history whose water current is thriving and has good worth of
nature ,humanism ,environment and tourism can also be included in new 72 springs by judge of investigation.At the same time, according to the distribution, quantity ,geology structure and the spring the runoff features of the springs, four spring groups downtown are divided
respectively with the center of Bao Tu spring , pearl spring, black tiger spring, five dragon ponds spring ,beside that the other six spring groups in the suburban area are designated which includes new 100 vein spring group, Hong Fan Chi spring group, flow out spring group, cassock spring group , jade river spring group and white spring group. Thus ten spring groups of jinan are formed.
趵突泉泉群有泉28处；珍珠泉泉群21处；黑虎泉泉群16处；五龙潭泉
群28处；百脉泉泉群20处；洪范池泉群（平阴）22处；涌泉泉群（柳埠、仲宫、西营）126处；袈裟泉泉群（灵岩寺、五峰山）44处；玉河泉泉群（港沟、彩石）68处；白泉泉群（王舍人镇）8处。
The Bao Tu spring group has 28springs,The pearl spring group has 21 springs,The black tiger spring group owns 16 springs and the Five dragon ponds spring group , New 100 vein spring group, Hong Fan Chi spring group （located in Ping Yin county） , Flow out spring group (located in Liu Bu, Zhong Gong and Xi Ying town) ,Cassock spring group ( located in Lingyan Temple and Wufeng mountain), Jade river spring group ( located in Gang Gou and Cai Shi town ) and White spring group ( located in Wang She Ren town ) respectively has 28,20,22,126,44,68 and 8 springs .
从济南南行70余公里，就是泰安市，闻名世界的泰山就坐落在泰安市的
北部。再南行60余公里，就是世界十大历史文化名人之首——孔子的故乡。济南、泰山、曲阜这一条旅游线路，是山东省最主要的旅游线路之一，叫山水圣人线，其中的水就是指济南的泉水。
South from jinan about 70 kilometers is Tai-an City. Mount Taishan which is well-known in the world is located in its north.From Tai-an City go south more than 60 kilometers is Chufu the hometown of Confucius who is the fisrt one of ten greatest historical cultural celebrities in the world . jinan, Mount Taishan and Chufu form a tour route ,one of the most important tour route of Shandong province named mountain water and sage route ,among which the water just points to spring of jinan.
●济南的历史文化
The history and culture of jinan
济南历史悠久，文化昌盛，文物古迹众多。这里是龙山文化和东方文明
的发祥地。
Jinan has a long history, its culture is prosperous and there are many cultural relics and historical sites where is the birthplace of Longshan culture and the Eastern civilization.
城子崖龙山古迹，是中国迄今发现最早的城邦；
Longshan historical sites in Chengziya is the earliest city-state in china which has been found.
城子崖出土的四五千年前的黑陶，工艺精湛，令人叹为观止；
The black pottery that was made 4,000-5,000 years ago unearthed in Chengziya is exquisite and breathtaking.
济南市南部的历山，是大舜曾经耕作和生活过的地方，大舜教亲和勤劳
的美德，至今传为佳话；
Lishan mountain lies in the south of jinan was the place where big Shun cultivated and lived, big Shun’s virtues of compatible and industrious are still be widely read today.
穿越济南的齐长城比秦始皇的万里长城的历史还要提前300多年；
Great Wall of Qi that passes through Jinan is 300 years ahead of Chin Shihhuang's Great Wall's .
汉代孝堂山郭氏墓石祠是中国现存最古老的地面房屋建筑；
Guo Shi gravestone ancestral temple of Han Dynasty in XiaoShan
mountain is the most ancient ground building extant in china .
隋代柳埠四门塔是中国最古老的单层方形石塔；
Four-Gate Pagoda of Sui Dynasty located in LiuBu town is the most ancient monolayer square shape pagoda of china.
灵岩寺景区为泰山最幽绝处，有“游泰山不游灵岩不成游也”之说；灵
岩寺被誉为中国四大名刹之首，其中千佛殿中的宋代彩塑罗汉被誉为“海内第一名塑”；
The scenic zone is the quietest place of Taishan, There is the saying of “It isn ’t a tour if go to Taishan not to lingyan ”; Lingyansi is honored as the head of Chinese four big famous temple , the coloured sculpture arhat of Song Dynasty in thousand Buddhist temple hall of Lingyansi is honored as “the first famous sculpture in china”;
济南市又是群泉喷涌，名士荟萃的地方，长期以来形成了以龙山文化、
大舜文化、名泉文化和名士文化为主要特色的泉城文化。再加上悠久的建城历史，丰富的文化遗存，众多的名胜古迹，遂使济南成为国内外著名的历史文化名城。
Jinan is also a place where springs spout and famous litterateurs gather together, it has formed Quancheng culture taking the Longshan culture, the big Shun culture, the famous spring culture and the famous litterateur culture as main characteristic since a long time. In addition, glorious history of city construction, rich culture remains, numerous scenic and historic spots make Jinan a famous historical and cultural city in domestic and foreign.
历史上有很多名人对济南留下了脍炙人口的赞美之词。
Many celebrities in the history had left universally acclaimed praises to Jinan.
唐代大诗人杜甫曾写到“海右此亭古，济南名士多”；
Tang Dynasty’s great poet Du Fu once wrote about “a pavilion right to the sea ,stand for a long time, personages of Jinan are very numerous.
元好问在遍游济南山水后，写下“羡煞济南山水好”、“有心常做济南
人”等颂扬之词；
Yuan haowen wrote down “scenery of Jinan makes god envy”, “has a mind to be a Jinan person” and so on to praise it after travelled around the Jinan’s scenery .
清朝乾隆年间才子刘凤诰的“四面荷花三面柳，一城山色半城湖”对大
明湖的美景进行了高度概括；
The talented person Liu Fenghao of The Qing Dynasty Qianlong highly summarized the beautiful scene of Daming Lake as “four sides lotus three willow trees, one city mountain color half city lake”
赵孟頫的“云雾润蒸华不住，波涛声震大明湖”写出了趵突泉作为天下
第一泉的气势；
The pome of Zhao Mengfu wrote out the vigour of Bao Tu spring as the no 1 spring in the world , it was " cloud and mist make everlasting beautiful scene, acoustic waves shock Daming lake" .
清代文学家刘鹗的“家家泉水，户户垂杨”道出了济南特有的景色，在
他的《老残游记》一书中对济南的景物给予了细致的描写，而且很多篇章收入中学语文课本，使济南的美景随课本走向全国；
Qing Dynasty writer Liu E ‘s “each family has water seepage, every household has weeping poplar” has pointed Jinan’s unique scenery, his book "Travels of Laotsan" gave a careful description to Jinan's scenery, of which many chapters has been adopted in the middle school language textbook, that promote Jinan's beautiful scene to the whole nation along with the textbook;
著名文人老舍先生的《济南的冬天》、《趵突泉的欣赏》等更是把游人
带入了一个如诗如画、如梦如幻的境界„„
Renowned writer Mr. Lao She’s "Jinan's Winter", " Appreciation to Baotu Spring " etc has led the tourists to a bourn like poem and picture, like dream and fantasy ...
●济南名士personage of jinan
山东有句话说“泰安州神全，济南府人全”，此话一点不假。济南自古
人杰地灵，历代名人辈出。原籍济南的有扁鹊、伏生、终军、秦琼、义净、李格非、李清照、辛弃疾、张养浩、李开先、李攀龙等；客居或在济南为官的有曹操、李邕、李白、杜甫、苏轼、苏辙、曾巩、元好问、赵孟頫、铁铉、何绍基、刘鹗、王尽美、邓恩铭等。
Shandong has a words saying that “State Taian has many gods,
Prefecture Jinan has many personages ”, this is not false. Jinan’s person is outstanding , jinan ’s earth has nimbus, there are many personages in every dynasty. Some of those ancestral home is Jinan ,they are Bian Que, Fu Sheng, Zhong jun, Qin Qiong, Yi jing , Li Gefei, Li Qingzhao, Xin Qiji, Zhang Yanghao, Li Kaixian, Li Panlong and so on; some resided as a visitor or held office in jinan ,they are Cao Cao, Li Yong, Li Bai, Du Fu, Su Shi, Su Zhe, Zeng Gong, Yuan Haowen Zhao Mengfu, Tie Xuan, He Shaoji, Liu E, Wang Jinmei, Deng Enming and so on.
●快速发展的济南市
Jinan in fast development
今天的济南，发展迅速。工业门类齐全，经济实力强大。其中轻骑、锻
压、啤酒、化纤、小鸭、服装等七大集团，进入全省重点发展的行列。轻骑、炼油、济钢等企业，进入全国企业五百强行列。轻骑摩托车、小鸭全自动洗衣机等产品在国内外市场上有较强的知名度和市场占有率。
Today development of Jinan is rapid. The industry covers extensive fields, the economic potentiality is formidable. And the light cavalry, the forging and stamping, the beer, the chemical fiber, the young duck, the clothing and others ,seven big groups enter the prioritize development ranks of entire province. Light cavalry, oil refinery, Jinan Steel Works have enterted the ranks of 500 strong enterprises in the national.
Products such as motorcycle of light cavalry, completely automatic washer of young duck have a strong fame popularity and market share in the domestic and foreign markets.
由于全面实施了外向带动战略，济南市全方位、多层次、宽领域对外开
放的格局基本形成。济南市已同美国的萨克拉门托市、英国的考文垂市、日本的和歌山市、山口市、加拿大的里贾纳市、韩国的水原市、巴布亚新几内亚的首都地区和俄罗斯的夏洛夫格洛德市、芬兰万达市、法国雷恩市、澳大利亚郡德勒普市11个国家12个城市建立了友好城市关系，同世界上140多个国家和地区建立了经济往来。
Because implements the strategy of extroversion lead
comprehensively, Jinan’s omni-directional, multi-level and
wide-ranging develoment pattern of open-door to the outside world is basically formed. Jinan has already established friendship city relations
with 11 countries 12 cities,such as US's Sacramento city, Britain's coventry city, Japan's Wakayama city, the mountain pass city, Canada's Lijiana, South Korea's Suwon, Papua New Guinea's metropolitan area and Russia's summerLovestandard city, Finland ’s WanDa city, French ’s Wren, Australian ’s JunDeleurPu city, besides that ,jinan has established economical intercourse with more than 140 countries and areas in the world.
济南又是山东省的科学技术中心和教育文化中心，这里集中了山东科学
院、山东社会科学院等一大批省属科研机构及30多家市属科研院所，科技人员集中。济南市还集中了山东大学、山东师范大学、济南大学、济南职业学院等20多所部、省及市属高等院校。
Jinan is also Shandong Province's center of science and technology and education culture where concentrates the Shandong academy of science, the Shandong Academy of social science and the other large quantities of provincial scientific research institution , more than 30 civic
scientific research institute and many scientists and engineers . At the same Jinan has concentrated such as Shandong University, Shandong Normal university, jinan University, Jinan Training college and others ,more than 20 ministerial, provincial and civic subordinate colleges and universities.
济南市的城市建设突飞猛进，交通条件进一步改善。济南火车站和济南
东客站，已于“八五”期间建成投入使用。城区道路交通建设发展迅速。新建、改建、扩建了一批交通主干线和高架桥。如：泉城路、经十路、经十东路、舜耕路、顺河高架及北延工程、燕山立交桥和八一立交桥。城市绿化成绩显著，市区绿化覆盖率超过30%，人居环境显著改善。
Jinan's urban construction progresses by leaps and bounds, traffic condition has further improvement. Jinan passenger station and Jinan east train station had already completed and been available in “85”period. The city road traffic construction development is rapid. Newly built, reconstruct, expand a batch of main transportation skeleton lines and viaducts. For example: Quancheng road, Jingshi road, East Jingshi road, Shun Geng road, Shun He viaduct and north extend project, Yanshan multi-level crossing bridge and Ba Yi multi-level crossing bridges. Jinan ’s urban afforestation result is remarkable, the urban district
afforestation coverage fraction surpasses 30%, environment of for people to live has obviously improvement.
●济南道路的命名
the naming of the road
我们现在行走的路名叫经十路，细心的贵宾们可能已经发现了，济南的
道路命名非常有特色，是以经纬线来命名的。东西向的马路称为经路, 南北向的马路称为纬路。大家只要记住济南的经路纬路与地理上的经线纬线方向正好相反就可以了。
The road we are walking on is called Jing Shi Road.
Attentive guests may have found that the name of the roads is very unique. It is because the roads are named for the latitude and longitude
lines. East-west roads are called by Jing Roads, and north-south roads are known as Wei Roads. We only remember the name of the roads is the opposite with the latitude and longitude lines.
其实，济南的道路命名基本上分为两大区域。一是老城区街道。从西门
至东门青龙桥为泉城路，从南门至大明湖北门，这一区域为济南老城区，古代的政府衙门多位于此，名称好多与官府有联系，如省府前街、按察司街等。另外，泉水集中的地区，街道名称好多与泉水有关，如芙蓉街以芙蓉泉而得名，趵突泉路因趵突泉而得名，黑虎泉路因黑虎泉而得名。二是经纬路，东西为经，南北为纬。经路从经一路由北至南依次排至经十一路，纬路从东至西，由纬一路排至纬十二路，这样，外地游客来济南不容易迷路。但是，济南的经纬与地球上的经纬方向是相反的。这种道路命名方式有多种版本。我们和游客讲解时都说跟韩复榘有关系。民国时期韩复榘曾任山东省政府主席，据说济南经纬道路是他命名的。话说有一天，韩复榘坐在办公室，一士兵进来报告说要给济南道路命名，问怎么办。韩复榘桌上正好有一个地球仪，他看了看地球仪，拍了拍自己的光脑门说，就用经纬线来起名吧，东西为经路，南北为纬路，就这样一直延续了下来。大家都知道，韩复榘是一个大粗人，一介武夫，没有文化，所以闹出了很多笑话。象广泛流传的韩复榘观看山东大学学生篮球赛，看到很多学生在抢一个篮球，就发出了回头一人给买一个的命令等等。
In fact, the naming of the roads in Jinan is basically divided into two areas. One is the old city streets. From west gate to the east gate of Qing Long Bridge is called Quan Cheng Road .Besides from
the south gate to the north gate of Da Ming Lake is the old city area of Jinan. And the ancient government was mostly in this place. So the name of the roads had a relationship with the ancient official .Such as the
Provincial Street, Justice Street and so on. In addition, in
the concentrated areas of spring, a lot of street names are related with spring. Such as the Fu Rung Street named after the Fu Rung Street, Bao Tuquan Road named because of Baotu spring, and Hei Huquan Road
named for Heihu spring.The second is Jing Wei Road. East-West direction is Jing Road and North-south direction is Wei Road. Jing Roads include from one to eleven roads as the warp and weft north and the south. The road from north to south through all the way followed by the row to the road by November, Wei Lu from east to west, to the latitude from the second row of Wei Yi Road, so that tourists is not easy to get lost in
Jinan. However, the name of the roads is the opposite with the latitude and longitude lines. And there are several versions. We often say the name of road have a relationship with a man named Han Fuju .Han Fuju was the Republican Chairman of Shandong Province .It is said that the road is named after him.One day Han stayed in his office. Then a soldier came to ask him how to name the roads of Jinan. At this time Han saw the globe on the desk, so he decided to name the roads byWarp and Weft .We all know Han is a chuff. Especially one time he saw many students were competing for one basketball .Then he gave an order that one man should have a basketball.
经十路路面非常宽阔，这是为配合2004年亚洲杯足球赛于前年刚刚扩建
的。当时拆除了马路两边很多老房屋，把道路扩建到现在的双向8车道。而且这条路建筑质量很高，2005年荣获了全国建筑行业最高奖——鲁班奖。
As we have seen Jing Shi Road is very wide. It was expanded two years ago which was part of the Asian Cup in 2004.At that time the
departments took measures to remove a lot of old houses on the both sides of the road. So now the road is extension to 8 lanes and two-way. It was noteworthy that virtue of the high quality Jing Shi Road won the highest award of the construction industry in 2005.
济南概况
The Overview of JiNan
尊敬的各位来宾：
下边，把济南的情况给大家做一个简单的介绍。
My distinguished guests :
Now I ‘d like to give you a simple introduction of JiNan.
●济南面积和人口等 the acreage and population of jinan
山东按行政区域划分为17个地市。济南市是山东省的省会城市，是全省的政治、经济、文化、科研、教育、交通等中心。它位于山东省中西部，南边是泰山、北边靠黄河，总面积8177平方公里，辖6区3县1市。济南有常住人口600万，其中城区人口243万。济南的市树为垂柳，市花为荷花。
Shandong province is divided into 17 cities according to the
administration region. Jinan as the the provincial capital city of
Shandong province is the centre of whole province in politics, economies, culture, research, education and communication,and so on. It is located in the midwest of Shandong province, its south is Mount Taishan and its north depend to the yellow river. Jinan’s total area is 8177 square kilometers, governing 6 zones ,3 counties and one city. It has a permanent population of 6,000,000, among which 2,430,000 is urban population. weeping willow is Jinan ’s city tree and the water lily is its city flower. ●济南气候 the weather of jinan
济南地处中纬度地带，气候温和，四季分明。全年降水的60%集中在夏
季。济南是一座气候宜人的城市，历代文人多有诗词文章歌颂。大家耳熟能详的有当代著名文人老舍的作品《济南的冬天》。其实他还写了《济南的春天》和《济南的秋天》，都对济南这座城市的气候和天气赞不绝口。
Located in the middle-latitude zone, jinan ’s weather is moderate, seasons are clear here. 60% precipitation of the whole year is
concentrated in summer. Jinan is such a city with pleasant weather that many literaties have the poem or article to to praise it in defferent ages. Contemporary famous writer,Lao She’s is familiar to everyone. In fact , beside that he also wrote and to praise the climate and weather of this city. ●济南的由来the origin of jinan
前面我介绍了山东名称的由来，大家想知道济南这座城市的名字是怎么
得名的吗？中国古代有著名的三山、五岳、四渎，这四渎是四条著名的河流，它们是黄河、长江、淮河和济水河。济水河的河床就是今天黄河济南段的河床。济南因位于济水河的南岸，因而得名。原先黄河并不流经济南，只是在清朝咸丰五年（1855），黄河在河南的铜瓦箱决口，黄河水夺济水河河床入海，自此济水河消失，黄河流经济南。
I have introduced the case of the denomination of “shandong ”.Do you want to known how this city get the name of “jinan ”? In ancient times china has three mountains, five Yues and four channels, these four
channels are four famous rivers, they are yellow river, Yangtze River, Huaihe and jishui river.The bed of jishui river now is the river bed of yellow river in jinan. Jinan gets its name because of being located in southern land of jishuiriver.The yellow river didn't flow through jinan at first, just in the Manchu Dynasty xianfeng five years(1855), the yellow river overflowed in “the actinium kiowatt box ” of Henan, water of yellow river jayhawk the river bed of jishui river to run into sea, from that time on jishui river absenced, the yellow river flowed through jinan.
济南是黄河下游的一座古城，历史源远流长，素有齐鲁雄都，海右名城之称。早在春秋时，称泺邑，是济南最早记入史册的地名；战国时，济南为历下邑；汉至明、清相继在济南设郡、府。从明代起，为山东省治，济南便一直是山东省政治、经济、文化中心。1929年正式设市，1948年9月24日解放。
Jinan is an ancient city with a long history downstream yellow river, named of “hero capitalcity of QiLu ”and “famous city right to the sea. As early as the Spring and Autumn Period jinan was calls Luo Yi which was the earliest name of jinan to have being recorded in historical work; On the the Period of Warring States jinan was called LiXia city;From Han Dynasty to Ming and Qing Dynasty prefecture and capital was set up in jinan one after another. Since Ming Dynasty jinan was governed of Shandong province, from then on it has became to be the politics, economies and cultural centre of Shandong province. Jinan was formally established as city in1929 and liberated on September 24, 1948.
●济南的泉水 the sprig water of jinan
正如哈尔滨被称为冰城、昆明被称为春城一样，济南也有个别称，叫泉
城。因为济南泉水众多而得名。据统计，只济南市区就有泉100多处，著名的有72处。这些泉大都分布在济南老城区。古人就有“齐多甘泉，甲于天下”、“家家泉水，户户垂杨”的赞誉。也许大家会问了，济南为什么会有这么多的泉呢？这还是跟济南的地形地势有关。济南地势南高北低，南部山区是由易渗水的碳酸岩组成，大气降水下渗，沿着地势向北潜流，在济南老城区遇到不透水的辉长岩体堵截，水流积聚到一定程度，就在地质构造比较薄弱的地方喷涌而出，从而形成济南众多的泉群。
Just as Harbin is called ice city, Kunming is called spring city, jinan is known as spring city because there are so many springs in jinan. According to the statistics, there are more than 100 springs in jinan ’s urban area, 72 springs are well-known.These springs are mostly
distributed in jinan’s old city zone,the ancients commend this as “spring spread all over Qi area,second to none all over the world”“ every family has spring and door to door has weeping willow ”.Probably you will ask why jinan has so many springs?This is still attributes to the geography of jinan. The south of jinan is higher than the north ,the north mountain area is composed of carbonatite which is easy for the water to ooze, precipitation water underflows to the north along geography, when the water comes to jinan’s old city zone,meeting the watertight gabbro body it becomes to accumulate and when the water current s gathers to a certain extent it flows out of the thinner place in geologic structure to form numerous springs.
2004年4月2日，济南新七十二名泉评审最终“尘埃落定”。济南七十
二名泉评审委员会召开新闻发布会，正式向社会公布了济南新七十二名泉及十大泉群评审结果。
On April 2, 2004, the new 72 springs fo jinan was finally choosed. Validation committee of 72 springs convened a Press Conference to formally pubulish the validation result of lately 72 springs and ten greatest springs.
新七十二名泉的评审，本着尊重历史，尊重古人，与时俱进，有利管理，重在保护，以市区为主，兼顾郊县（市区）的原则，对历史上金、明、清三代所列七十二名泉进行全面考察，能保留的尽量予以保留。对历史上未列入七十二名泉的泉水，水势旺盛，具有良好自然人文环境和旅游价值的，经考察评审也列入
新七十二名泉。同时，依据泉水的分布、数量、地质结构和泉水径流特点，划分了以趵突泉、珍珠泉、黑虎泉、五龙潭为中心的四大市区内的泉群，新划定了百脉泉泉群、洪范池泉群、涌泉泉群、袈裟泉泉群、玉河泉泉群和白泉泉群等六大周边县市区泉群，形成了济南市十大泉群。
The validation of new 72 springs is in the light of to respect history, respect the ancients, keep up with the Times, avail to
supervision, heavy in safeguard, give attention to downtown area at the same time take suburb county into account ,give comprehensive
investigatation to the 72 springs in the history of Jin Dynasty, Ming Dynasty and Qing Dynasty, try best to reserve those which can be reserved. The other springs that didn't be included in 72 springs in the history whose water current is thriving and has good worth of
nature ,humanism ,environment and tourism can also be included in new 72 springs by judge of investigation.At the same time, according to the distribution, quantity ,geology structure and the spring the runoff features of the springs, four spring groups downtown are divided
respectively with the center of Bao Tu spring , pearl spring, black tiger spring, five dragon ponds spring ,beside that the other six spring groups in the suburban area are designated which includes new 100 vein spring group, Hong Fan Chi spring group, flow out spring group, cassock spring group , jade river spring group and white spring group. Thus ten spring groups of jinan are formed.
趵突泉泉群有泉28处；珍珠泉泉群21处；黑虎泉泉群16处；五龙潭泉
群28处；百脉泉泉群20处；洪范池泉群（平阴）22处；涌泉泉群（柳埠、仲宫、西营）126处；袈裟泉泉群（灵岩寺、五峰山）44处；玉河泉泉群（港沟、彩石）68处；白泉泉群（王舍人镇）8处。
The Bao Tu spring group has 28springs,The pearl spring group has 21 springs,The black tiger spring group owns 16 springs and the Five dragon ponds spring group , New 100 vein spring group, Hong Fan Chi spring group （located in Ping Yin county） , Flow out spring group (located in Liu Bu, Zhong Gong and Xi Ying town) ,Cassock spring group ( located in Lingyan Temple and Wufeng mountain), Jade river spring group ( located in Gang Gou and Cai Shi town ) and White spring group ( located in Wang She Ren town ) respectively has 28,20,22,126,44,68 and 8 springs .
从济南南行70余公里，就是泰安市，闻名世界的泰山就坐落在泰安市的
北部。再南行60余公里，就是世界十大历史文化名人之首——孔子的故乡。济南、泰山、曲阜这一条旅游线路，是山东省最主要的旅游线路之一，叫山水圣人线，其中的水就是指济南的泉水。
South from jinan about 70 kilometers is Tai-an City. Mount Taishan which is well-known in the world is located in its north.From Tai-an City go south more than 60 kilometers is Chufu the hometown of Confucius who is the fisrt one of ten greatest historical cultural celebrities in the world . jinan, Mount Taishan and Chufu form a tour route ,one of the most important tour route of Shandong province named mountain water and sage route ,among which the water just points to spring of jinan.
●济南的历史文化
The history and culture of jinan
济南历史悠久，文化昌盛，文物古迹众多。这里是龙山文化和东方文明
的发祥地。
Jinan has a long history, its culture is prosperous and there are many cultural relics and historical sites where is the birthplace of Longshan culture and the Eastern civilization.
城子崖龙山古迹，是中国迄今发现最早的城邦；
Longshan historical sites in Chengziya is the earliest city-state in china which has been found.
城子崖出土的四五千年前的黑陶，工艺精湛，令人叹为观止；
The black pottery that was made 4,000-5,000 years ago unearthed in Chengziya is exquisite and breathtaking.
济南市南部的历山，是大舜曾经耕作和生活过的地方，大舜教亲和勤劳
的美德，至今传为佳话；
Lishan mountain lies in the south of jinan was the place where big Shun cultivated and lived, big Shun’s virtues of compatible and industrious are still be widely read today.
穿越济南的齐长城比秦始皇的万里长城的历史还要提前300多年；
Great Wall of Qi that passes through Jinan is 300 years ahead of Chin Shihhuang's Great Wall's .
汉代孝堂山郭氏墓石祠是中国现存最古老的地面房屋建筑；
Guo Shi gravestone ancestral temple of Han Dynasty in XiaoShan
mountain is the most ancient ground building extant in china .
隋代柳埠四门塔是中国最古老的单层方形石塔；
Four-Gate Pagoda of Sui Dynasty located in LiuBu town is the most ancient monolayer square shape pagoda of china.
灵岩寺景区为泰山最幽绝处，有“游泰山不游灵岩不成游也”之说；灵
岩寺被誉为中国四大名刹之首，其中千佛殿中的宋代彩塑罗汉被誉为“海内第一名塑”；
The scenic zone is the quietest place of Taishan, There is the saying of “It isn ’t a tour if go to Taishan not to lingyan ”; Lingyansi is honored as the head of Chinese four big famous temple , the coloured sculpture arhat of Song Dynasty in thousand Buddhist temple hall of Lingyansi is honored as “the first famous sculpture in china”;
济南市又是群泉喷涌，名士荟萃的地方，长期以来形成了以龙山文化、
大舜文化、名泉文化和名士文化为主要特色的泉城文化。再加上悠久的建城历史，丰富的文化遗存，众多的名胜古迹，遂使济南成为国内外著名的历史文化名城。
Jinan is also a place where springs spout and famous litterateurs gather together, it has formed Quancheng culture taking the Longshan culture, the big Shun culture, the famous spring culture and the famous litterateur culture as main characteristic since a long time. In addition, glorious history of city construction, rich culture remains, numerous scenic and historic spots make Jinan a famous historical and cultural city in domestic and foreign.
历史上有很多名人对济南留下了脍炙人口的赞美之词。
Many celebrities in the history had left universally acclaimed praises to Jinan.
唐代大诗人杜甫曾写到“海右此亭古，济南名士多”；
Tang Dynasty’s great poet Du Fu once wrote about “a pavilion right to the sea ,stand for a long time, personages of Jinan are very numerous.
元好问在遍游济南山水后，写下“羡煞济南山水好”、“有心常做济南
人”等颂扬之词；
Yuan haowen wrote down “scenery of Jinan makes god envy”, “has a mind to be a Jinan person” and so on to praise it after travelled around the Jinan’s scenery .
清朝乾隆年间才子刘凤诰的“四面荷花三面柳，一城山色半城湖”对大
明湖的美景进行了高度概括；
The talented person Liu Fenghao of The Qing Dynasty Qianlong highly summarized the beautiful scene of Daming Lake as “four sides lotus three willow trees, one city mountain color half city lake”
赵孟頫的“云雾润蒸华不住，波涛声震大明湖”写出了趵突泉作为天下
第一泉的气势；
The pome of Zhao Mengfu wrote out the vigour of Bao Tu spring as the no 1 spring in the world , it was " cloud and mist make everlasting beautiful scene, acoustic waves shock Daming lake" .
清代文学家刘鹗的“家家泉水，户户垂杨”道出了济南特有的景色，在
他的《老残游记》一书中对济南的景物给予了细致的描写，而且很多篇章收入中学语文课本，使济南的美景随课本走向全国；
Qing Dynasty writer Liu E ‘s “each family has water seepage, every household has weeping poplar” has pointed Jinan’s unique scenery, his book "Travels of Laotsan" gave a careful description to Jinan's scenery, of which many chapters has been adopted in the middle school language textbook, that promote Jinan's beautiful scene to the whole nation along with the textbook;
著名文人老舍先生的《济南的冬天》、《趵突泉的欣赏》等更是把游人
带入了一个如诗如画、如梦如幻的境界„„
Renowned writer Mr. Lao She’s "Jinan's Winter", " Appreciation to Baotu Spring " etc has led the tourists to a bourn like poem and picture, like dream and fantasy ...
●济南名士personage of jinan
山东有句话说“泰安州神全，济南府人全”，此话一点不假。济南自古
人杰地灵，历代名人辈出。原籍济南的有扁鹊、伏生、终军、秦琼、义净、李格非、李清照、辛弃疾、张养浩、李开先、李攀龙等；客居或在济南为官的有曹操、李邕、李白、杜甫、苏轼、苏辙、曾巩、元好问、赵孟頫、铁铉、何绍基、刘鹗、王尽美、邓恩铭等。
Shandong has a words saying that “State Taian has many gods,
Prefecture Jinan has many personages ”, this is not false. Jinan’s person is outstanding , jinan ’s earth has nimbus, there are many personages in every dynasty. Some of those ancestral home is Jinan ,they are Bian Que, Fu Sheng, Zhong jun, Qin Qiong, Yi jing , Li Gefei, Li Qingzhao, Xin Qiji, Zhang Yanghao, Li Kaixian, Li Panlong and so on; some resided as a visitor or held office in jinan ,they are Cao Cao, Li Yong, Li Bai, Du Fu, Su Shi, Su Zhe, Zeng Gong, Yuan Haowen Zhao Mengfu, Tie Xuan, He Shaoji, Liu E, Wang Jinmei, Deng Enming and so on.
●快速发展的济南市
Jinan in fast development
今天的济南，发展迅速。工业门类齐全，经济实力强大。其中轻骑、锻
压、啤酒、化纤、小鸭、服装等七大集团，进入全省重点发展的行列。轻骑、炼油、济钢等企业，进入全国企业五百强行列。轻骑摩托车、小鸭全自动洗衣机等产品在国内外市场上有较强的知名度和市场占有率。
Today development of Jinan is rapid. The industry covers extensive fields, the economic potentiality is formidable. And the light cavalry, the forging and stamping, the beer, the chemical fiber, the young duck, the clothing and others ,seven big groups enter the prioritize development ranks of entire province. Light cavalry, oil refinery, Jinan Steel Works have enterted the ranks of 500 strong enterprises in the national.
Products such as motorcycle of light cavalry, completely automatic washer of young duck have a strong fame popularity and market share in the domestic and foreign markets.
由于全面实施了外向带动战略，济南市全方位、多层次、宽领域对外开
放的格局基本形成。济南市已同美国的萨克拉门托市、英国的考文垂市、日本的和歌山市、山口市、加拿大的里贾纳市、韩国的水原市、巴布亚新几内亚的首都地区和俄罗斯的夏洛夫格洛德市、芬兰万达市、法国雷恩市、澳大利亚郡德勒普市11个国家12个城市建立了友好城市关系，同世界上140多个国家和地区建立了经济往来。
Because implements the strategy of extroversion lead
comprehensively, Jinan’s omni-directional, multi-level and
wide-ranging develoment pattern of open-door to the outside world is basically formed. Jinan has already established friendship city relations
with 11 countries 12 cities,such as US's Sacramento city, Britain's coventry city, Japan's Wakayama city, the mountain pass city, Canada's Lijiana, South Korea's Suwon, Papua New Guinea's metropolitan area and Russia's summerLovestandard city, Finland ’s WanDa city, French ’s Wren, Australian ’s JunDeleurPu city, besides that ,jinan has established economical intercourse with more than 140 countries and areas in the world.
济南又是山东省的科学技术中心和教育文化中心，这里集中了山东科学
院、山东社会科学院等一大批省属科研机构及30多家市属科研院所，科技人员集中。济南市还集中了山东大学、山东师范大学、济南大学、济南职业学院等20多所部、省及市属高等院校。
Jinan is also Shandong Province's center of science and technology and education culture where concentrates the Shandong academy of science, the Shandong Academy of social science and the other large quantities of provincial scientific research institution , more than 30 civic
scientific research institute and many scientists and engineers . At the same Jinan has concentrated such as Shandong University, Shandong Normal university, jinan University, Jinan Training college and others ,more than 20 ministerial, provincial and civic subordinate colleges and universities.
济南市的城市建设突飞猛进，交通条件进一步改善。济南火车站和济南
东客站，已于“八五”期间建成投入使用。城区道路交通建设发展迅速。新建、改建、扩建了一批交通主干线和高架桥。如：泉城路、经十路、经十东路、舜耕路、顺河高架及北延工程、燕山立交桥和八一立交桥。城市绿化成绩显著，市区绿化覆盖率超过30%，人居环境显著改善。
Jinan's urban construction progresses by leaps and bounds, traffic condition has further improvement. Jinan passenger station and Jinan east train station had already completed and been available in “85”period. The city road traffic construction development is rapid. Newly built, reconstruct, expand a batch of main transportation skeleton lines and viaducts. For example: Quancheng road, Jingshi road, East Jingshi road, Shun Geng road, Shun He viaduct and north extend project, Yanshan multi-level crossing bridge and Ba Yi multi-level crossing bridges. Jinan ’s urban afforestation result is remarkable, the urban district
afforestation coverage fraction surpasses 30%, environment of for people to live has obviously improvement.
●济南道路的命名
the naming of the road
我们现在行走的路名叫经十路，细心的贵宾们可能已经发现了，济南的
道路命名非常有特色，是以经纬线来命名的。东西向的马路称为经路, 南北向的马路称为纬路。大家只要记住济南的经路纬路与地理上的经线纬线方向正好相反就可以了。
The road we are walking on is called Jing Shi Road.
Attentive guests may have found that the name of the roads is very unique. It is because the roads are named for the latitude and longitude
lines. East-west roads are called by Jing Roads, and north-south roads are known as Wei Roads. We only remember the name of the roads is the opposite with the latitude and longitude lines.
其实，济南的道路命名基本上分为两大区域。一是老城区街道。从西门
至东门青龙桥为泉城路，从南门至大明湖北门，这一区域为济南老城区，古代的政府衙门多位于此，名称好多与官府有联系，如省府前街、按察司街等。另外，泉水集中的地区，街道名称好多与泉水有关，如芙蓉街以芙蓉泉而得名，趵突泉路因趵突泉而得名，黑虎泉路因黑虎泉而得名。二是经纬路，东西为经，南北为纬。经路从经一路由北至南依次排至经十一路，纬路从东至西，由纬一路排至纬十二路，这样，外地游客来济南不容易迷路。但是，济南的经纬与地球上的经纬方向是相反的。这种道路命名方式有多种版本。我们和游客讲解时都说跟韩复榘有关系。民国时期韩复榘曾任山东省政府主席，据说济南经纬道路是他命名的。话说有一天，韩复榘坐在办公室，一士兵进来报告说要给济南道路命名，问怎么办。韩复榘桌上正好有一个地球仪，他看了看地球仪，拍了拍自己的光脑门说，就用经纬线来起名吧，东西为经路，南北为纬路，就这样一直延续了下来。大家都知道，韩复榘是一个大粗人，一介武夫，没有文化，所以闹出了很多笑话。象广泛流传的韩复榘观看山东大学学生篮球赛，看到很多学生在抢一个篮球，就发出了回头一人给买一个的命令等等。
In fact, the naming of the roads in Jinan is basically divided into two areas. One is the old city streets. From west gate to the east gate of Qing Long Bridge is called Quan Cheng Road .Besides from
the south gate to the north gate of Da Ming Lake is the old city area of Jinan. And the ancient government was mostly in this place. So the name of the roads had a relationship with the ancient official .Such as the
Provincial Street, Justice Street and so on. In addition, in
the concentrated areas of spring, a lot of street names are related with spring. Such as the Fu Rung Street named after the Fu Rung Street, Bao Tuquan Road named because of Baotu spring, and Hei Huquan Road
named for Heihu spring.The second is Jing Wei Road. East-West direction is Jing Road and North-south direction is Wei Road. Jing Roads include from one to eleven roads as the warp and weft north and the south. The road from north to south through all the way followed by the row to the road by November, Wei Lu from east to west, to the latitude from the second row of Wei Yi Road, so that tourists is not easy to get lost in
Jinan. However, the name of the roads is the opposite with the latitude and longitude lines. And there are several versions. We often say the name of road have a relationship with a man named Han Fuju .Han Fuju was the Republican Chairman of Shandong Province .It is said that the road is named after him.One day Han stayed in his office. Then a soldier came to ask him how to name the roads of Jinan. At this time Han saw the globe on the desk, so he decided to name the roads byWarp and Weft .We all know Han is a chuff. Especially one time he saw many students were competing for one basketball .Then he gave an order that one man should have a basketball.
经十路路面非常宽阔，这是为配合2004年亚洲杯足球赛于前年刚刚扩建
的。当时拆除了马路两边很多老房屋，把道路扩建到现在的双向8车道。而且这条路建筑质量很高，2005年荣获了全国建筑行业最高奖——鲁班奖。
As we have seen Jing Shi Road is very wide. It was expanded two years ago which was part of the Asian Cup in 2004.At that time the
departments took measures to remove a lot of old houses on the both sides of the road. So now the road is extension to 8 lanes and two-way. It was noteworthy that virtue of the high quality Jing Shi Road won the highest award of the construction industry in 2005.