初中英语构词法基本知识讲解
各类构词法一览
前缀 例词 派生词
un- “不” happy unhappy like unlike
usual unusual friendly unfriendly
im-“不” possible impossible
后缀 例词 派生词
-er“人” teach teacher
play player
clean cleaner
drive driver
（以e结尾，-r）
run runner
（重读闭音节，双写-er)
win winner
travel traveller -or“人” invent inventor visit visitor
-ly（副词后缀） bad badly
quick quickly
careful carefully happy happily
deep deeply
lucky luckily
usual usually
noisy noisily
slow slowly
angry angrily
strong strongly quiet quietly
特例：true truly
terrible terribly possible possibly
-ful（形容词后缀） care careful
help helpful
use useful
forget forgetful
-y （形容词后缀） rain rainy
luck lucky
cloud cloudy
noise noisy
（以e结尾，去e，加-y）
snow snowy
sun sunny
（双写，加-y）
wind windy
-ion（名词后缀） invent invention operate operation
-ness（名词后缀） busy business good goodness
一些特例：
动词－－－形容词
sleep asleep
die dead
enjoy enjoyable
动词－－－现在分词转化为名词
boat boating
build building
begin beginning
cross crossing
meet meeting
turn turning
名词－－－形容词
friend friendly
south southern
wool woolen
danger dangerous
difference different
fry fried
worry worried
动词－－－过去分词转为形容词
break broken
lose lost
please pleased
colour coloured
动词－－－名词
know knowledge
fly flight
please pleasure
名词－－－名词
farm farmer 农夫
动词－－－现在分词、过去分词转为形容词 follow following
interest interested“感兴趣的” 只作表语，
仅用于be interested in
interesting “有趣的”
可作表语 和定语
develop developed “发达的”
developing “发展中的”
初中英语构词法基本知识讲解
各类构词法一览
前缀 例词 派生词
un- “不” happy unhappy like unlike
usual unusual friendly unfriendly
im-“不” possible impossible
后缀 例词 派生词
-er“人” teach teacher
play player
clean cleaner
drive driver
（以e结尾，-r）
run runner
（重读闭音节，双写-er)
win winner
travel traveller -or“人” invent inventor visit visitor
-ly（副词后缀） bad badly
quick quickly
careful carefully happy happily
deep deeply
lucky luckily
usual usually
noisy noisily
slow slowly
angry angrily
strong strongly quiet quietly
特例：true truly
terrible terribly possible possibly
-ful（形容词后缀） care careful
help helpful
use useful
forget forgetful
-y （形容词后缀） rain rainy
luck lucky
cloud cloudy
noise noisy
（以e结尾，去e，加-y）
snow snowy
sun sunny
（双写，加-y）
wind windy
-ion（名词后缀） invent invention operate operation
-ness（名词后缀） busy business good goodness
一些特例：
动词－－－形容词
sleep asleep
die dead
enjoy enjoyable
动词－－－现在分词转化为名词
boat boating
build building
begin beginning
cross crossing
meet meeting
turn turning
名词－－－形容词
friend friendly
south southern
wool woolen
danger dangerous
difference different
fry fried
worry worried
动词－－－过去分词转为形容词
break broken
lose lost
please pleased
colour coloured
动词－－－名词
know knowledge
fly flight
please pleasure
名词－－－名词
farm farmer 农夫
动词－－－现在分词、过去分词转为形容词 follow following
interest interested“感兴趣的” 只作表语，
仅用于be interested in
interesting “有趣的”
可作表语 和定语
develop developed “发达的”
developing “发展中的”