Ecwtphu英国文学史复习资料

生命是永恒不断的创造，因为在它内部蕴含着过剩的精力，它不断流溢，越出时间和空间的界限，它不停地追求，以形形色色的自我表现的形式表现出来。

－－泰戈尔

英国文学史资料British Writers and Works

I. Old English Literature & The Late Medieval Ages

贝奥武夫:the national epic of the Anglo-Saxons

Epic: long narrative poems that record the adventures or heroic deeds of a

hero enacted in vast landscapes. The style of epic is grand and elevated.

e.g. Homer‟s Iliad and Odyssey

Artistic features:

1. Using alliteration

Definition of alliteration: a rhetorical device, meaning some words in a

sentence begin with the same consonant sound（头韵）

Some examples on P5

2. Using metaphor and understatement

Definition of understatement: expressing something in a controlled

way Understatement is a typical way for Englishmen to express their

ideas

Geoffery Chaucer 杰弗里•乔叟1340(?)~1400

(首创“双韵体”，英国文学史上首先用伦敦方言写作。约翰·德莱顿（John Dryden）称其为“英国诗歌之父”。代表作《坎特伯雷故事集》。)

The father of English poetry.

writing style: wisdom, humor, humanity.

① 坎特伯雷故事集：

first time to use „heroic couplet‟(双韵体) by middle English

②特罗伊拉斯和克莱希德

③ 声誉之宫

Medieval Ages’ popular Literary form: Romance(传奇故事)

Famous three：King Arthur

Sir Gawain and the Green Knight

Beowulf

II The Renaissance Period

A period of drama and poetry. The Elizabethan drama is the real mainstream of the English Renaissance.

Renaissance: the activity, spirit, or time of the great revival of art, literature, and learning in Europe beginning in the 14th century and extending to the 17th century, marking the transition from the medieval to the modern world.

Three historical events of the Renaissance – rebirth or revival:

1. new discoveries in geography and astrology

2. the religious reformation and economic expansion

3. rediscovery of ancient Roman and Greek culture

The most famous dramatists:

Christopher Marlowe

William Shakespeare

Ben Johnson.

1. Edmund Spenser埃德蒙•斯宾塞1552~1599

（后人称之为“诗人的诗人”。） The poets‟ poet.The first to be buried in the

more romantic

“Fierce wars and faithfull loves”.

Artistic features:

1. Using Spenserian Stanza

Definition of Spenserian Stanza:a stanza of nine lines ababbcbcc.

Eight lines in iambic pentameter, and last line in iambic

hexameter.

② 牧人日历

The theme is to lament over the loss of Rosalind.

③ 爱情小唱

2. Thomas More托马斯•莫尔1478~1535

One of the greatest English humanists

①乌托邦

3. Francis Bacon弗兰西斯•培根1561~1626

（哲学家、散文家；在论述探究知识的著作中提出了知识就是力量这一著名论断；近代唯物主义哲学的奠基人和近代实验科学的先驱。）

Philosopher, scientist, lay the foundation for modern science. The first English essayist.

Writing style:brevity, compactness&powerfulness, well-arranging and enriching by Biblical allusions, metaphors and philosophy to man‟s reason.

ways

adopted by different people to pursue studies.

4. Ben Jonson

①

②狐狸

5. Christopher Marlowe柯里斯托弗•马洛1564~1595

“University Wits”, the pioneer of English drama

（完善了无韵体诗。）

Blank verse: written in unrhymed iambic pentameter.

①浮士德博士的悲剧（根据德国民间故事书写成）

②帖木耳大帝

③马耳他的犹太人

6. William Shakespeare威廉•莎士比亚1564~1616

②Four Comedies: 皆大欢喜; 第十二夜;

③Four Tragedies: 哈姆莱特; 奥赛罗; 李

尔王; 麦克白 ④Shakespeare Sonnet :154

Three quatrain and one couplet, ababcdcdefefgg

A sonnet is a lyric consisting of 14 lines, usually in

iambic pentameter restricted to a definition rhyme scheme.

III The 17th Century

1. John Milton约翰•弥尔顿1608~1674

（诗人、政论家;失明后写《失乐园》、《复乐园》、《力士参孙》。）

①Epics: 失乐园

②Dramatic poem: 力士参孙

③ 论出版自由

④ 我的失明

This sonnet is written in iambic pentameter rhymed in abba abba cde cde, typical of Italian sonnet.

Its theme is that people use their talent for God, and they serve him best sho can endure the suffering best.

2. John Bunyan约翰•班扬1628~1688

（代表作《天路历程》，宗教寓言，被誉为“具有永恒意义的百科全书”，是英国文学史上里程碑式著作。与但丁的《神曲》、奥古斯丁的《忏悔录》并列为世界三大宗教题材文学杰作。）

Puritan poet(清教徒派诗人)

①Religionary Allegory:天路历程

3. John Donne

the Metaphysical poet(玄学派诗人).

Metaphysical Poetry(玄学诗)：（用语）the diction is simple, the imagery is from the actual, (形式)the form is frequently an argument with the poet’s beloved, with god, or with himself.（主题：love, religious, thought）

Artistic features:

1. conceits or imagery奇思妙喻

2. syllogism三段论

② Songs And Sonnets

IV The 18th Century

A revival of interest in the old classical works, order, logic, restrained emotion(抑制情感) and accuracy

The Age of Enlightenment/Reason: the movement was a furtherance of the Renaissance of the 15th and 16th centries, a progressive intellectual movement, reason(rationality), equality&science(the 18th century)

小说崛起：In the mid-century, the newly literary form, modern English novel rised(realistic novel现实主义小说)

Gothic novel(哥特式小说)：mystery, horror, castles(from middle part to the end of century)

1. Alexander Pope亚历山大•蒲柏1688~1744

（18世纪英国最伟大的诗人，其诗多用“英雄双韵体”/ “ heroic couplets”。词句工整、精练、富有哲理性。）

One of the first to introduce rationalism to England.

①批评论

Artistic features:

1.Using “heroic couplets”

② 卷发遇劫记

③ 道德论

2. Samuel Johnson塞缪尔•约翰逊1709~1784

3. Jonathan Swift乔纳森•斯威夫特1667~1745

（十八世纪杰出的政论家和讽刺小说家a master satirist。）

① 格列佛游记(fictional work)

Four parts:

Lilliput 小人国 Brobdingnag 大人国

Flying Island 飞岛 Houyhnhnm 马岛

② 书战

③ 木桶的故事

④ 一个麻布商的书信

4. Daniel Defoe丹尼尔•笛福1660~1731

（小说家，新闻记者，小册子作者；十八世纪英国现实主义小说的奠

基人。）

He is the first writer study of the lower-class people,hislanguage is smooth, easy, colloquial and mostly vernacular, and he is the founder of realistic novel.

① 鲁宾逊漂流记

It praise the fortitude of the human labor and the Puritan.

Robinson grew from a naive and artless youth into a shrewd and

hardened man,tempered by numerous trials in his eventful life.

It is an adventure story, Robinson, narrates how he goes to sea, gets

shipwrecked and marooned on a lonely island, struggles to live for 24-years there and finally gets relieved and returns to England.

②

③

④

5. Henry Fielding亨利•菲尔丁1707~1754

（英国小说家，戏剧家，被誉为“英国小说之父” 。）

He is called “Father of English novel”. He was the first to write a “Comic epic in prose”(散文体史诗), and the first to give the modern novel its structure and style.

① novels:

② plays:

6. Oliver Goldsmith奥利弗•格尔德斯密斯1730~1774

① poems:

② novel:

7. Richard Brinsley Sheridan理查德•布林斯利•施莱登1751~1816

① 情敌

② 造谣学校

8. William Blake威廉•布莱克1757~1827

① 天真之歌

A happy and innocent world from children‟s eye.

② 经验之歌

A word of misery, poverty, disease, war and repression with a

melancholy tone from men eyes.

Include:

Tyger is a symbol of dread and oiolence

③ 天堂与地狱的婚姻

9. Robert Burns罗伯特•彭斯1759~1796

The greatest Scottish poet in the late 18th century.

Poems Chiefly in the Scottish Dialect主要用苏格兰方言写的诗

④ 不管那一套

⑤ 我的心在那高原上

⑥

⑦

V The Romantic Period

The romantic period began in 1798 the publication of Wordsworth and Coleridge’s , and end in 1832 with Sir Walter Scott’s death. Romanticism:It emphasize the specialqualitie of each individual‟s mind.(人

应该是独立自由的个体)

In it, emotion over reason, spontaneous emotion, a change

from the outer world of social civilization to the inner world of

the human spirit, poetry should be free from all rules,

imagination, nature, commonplace.

Two major novelists of the Romantic period are Jane Austen (realistic) and Walter Scott (romantic).

“The Lake Poets”湖畔诗人，who lived in the lake district.

William Wordsworth; Samuel Taylor Coleridge; Robert Southey

1. William Wordsworth威廉•华兹华斯1770~1850

（与柯尔律治、骚塞同被称为“湖畔派”诗人。

The Lake Poets）

diverse

circumstance. It is nature that give him “strength and

knowledge fullof peace”

2.It is bliss to recolled the beauty of nature in poet mind

while he is in solitude.

Comment:The poet is very cheerful with recalling the beautiful

sights. In the poem on the beauty of nature, the

reader is presented a vivid picture of lively and lovely daffodils(水仙) and poet‟s philosophical

ideas and mystical thoughts.

③ Lines Composed A Few Miles Above Tintern Abbey

④ The Solitary Reaper孤独的割麦女

② 序曲

2. Samuel Taylor Coleridge塞缪尔•泰勒•科尔律治1772~1834

The Lake Poets

① 古舟子颂

with strong imagination, a strange territory

④ 半夜冰霜 ⑤ 忧郁颂

⑥ 抒情歌谣集(with William Wordsworth)

3. George Gordon Byron乔治•戈登•拜伦1788~1824

（拜伦式英雄Byronic heroes孤傲、狂热、浪漫，却充满了反抗精神。内心充满了孤独与苦闷，却又蔑视群小。恰尔德·哈罗德是拜伦诗歌中第一个“拜伦式英雄”。）

“Byronic hero” is a proud, mysterious rebel figure of noble origin, against tyrannical rules or moral principles.

① 唐•璜

4. ① Poetic Drama：解放了的普罗米修斯

Theme: the drama celebraies man‟s victory over tyranny and

oppression

② 麦布女王

his eagerness to enjoy the boundless

freedom from the reality. Compare the west wind to

destroyer of the old who drives the last signs of life from

the trees, and preserver of the new who scatter the seads

shich sill come to life in the spring. This is a poem about

renewal, about the wind blowing life back into dead things,

implying not just an arc of life (which would end at death) but a

cycle, which only starts again when something dies.

Comment: Percy Bysshe Shelley's "Ode to the West Wind" is written in

iambic pentameter. It contains five sonnet length stanzas, each

with a closing couplet. The rhyming scheme form is aba bcb cdc

ded ee. The tone is poignant. Many will agree that this poem is an

invocation for an unseen force to take control and revive life.

Artistic features:

Using rerza rima(三行诗aba bcb cdc ded efe …)

5. John Keats约翰•济慈1795~1821

(“美即是真，真即是美”是他的著名诗句。)

"To Autumn", is that

change is both natural and beautiful. The poem praises

the glories of the fall season by using almost every type

of imagery to both charm and appeal to the reader.

Comment: The speaker in the poem acknowledges that time passes

by, but also asserts that this change usually yields

something new and better than what came before. Each

of the poem's three stanzas represents the evolving of

two different types of change. One type of change

shown in the poem is the change of periods in a day.

6. Jane Austen简•奥斯丁1775~1817

She compared her works to a fine engraving upon a literary piece of ivory only inches squire.

prejudice dissolved

【Collins & Charlotte Lucas】see the reality of marriage as a

necessary step if a woman is to avoid

the wretchedness of aging

spinsterhood

【Lydia & Wickham】shown the dangers of feckless relationships

unsupported by money.

【Mr.&Mrs. Bennet, Mr. Collins, Lady Catherine de Burgh】comic

characters

7. Walter Scott沃尔特•斯科特1771~1832

(历史小说之父”)Father of history novels

① 罗伯•罗伊

② 艾凡赫

VI The Victorian Period

Common sense and moral propreity, again became the predominant preoccupation. Critical realists were all concerned about the fate of the common people and everyday events.

1. Charles Dickens查尔斯•狄更斯1812~1870

（批判现实主义小说家）critical realist writer

① 匹克威克外传

② 奥利弗•特维斯特（雾都孤儿）

③ 老古玩店

④ 圣诞颂歌

⑤ 董贝父子

⑥ 大卫•科波菲尔

⑦ 荒凉山庄

⑧ 双城记(London & Paris)

⑨ 远大前程

⑩ 我们共同的朋友

2. William Makepeace Thackeray威廉•麦克匹斯•萨克雷1811~1863

① or a Novel without a Hero名利场(the name is an excerpt

②

•勃朗特1816~1855

plain little orphan, was sent to Lowood, a charity

school. There she suffer a lot and 8 years later she left school and became a boverness at Thornfield Hall. There she falls in love with the master,Mr. Rochester.

It is noted for its sharp criticism of the existing society, e.g. charity

institution such as Lowood School

It is a successful introduction to the first governess heoine in the

English novel, whom represents those middle-class working women struggling for recognition of their basic rights and equality as a human

being.

② 雪莉

③ 教师

【TheEarnshaw Family】Mr. Earnshaw, his wife, the son Hindley, the daughter Catherine, Heathcliff

【The Linton Family】Mr.Linton, his wife, son Edgar, daughter Isabella ②

5. George Eliot乔治•艾略特1819~1880

① 弗洛斯河上的磨坊

② 亚当•比德

③ 织工马南

④ 米德尔马契

6. Alfred Tennyson阿尔弗莱德•丁尼生1809~1892

（维多利亚时代最具代表性的伟大诗人）

Poet Laureate （桂冠诗人）

① 悼念

To memorialize his friend

② 冲击、冲击、冲击

③ 国王叙事诗

7. Robert Browning罗伯特•白朗宁1812~1889 ① 我已故的公爵夫人

② 海外乡思

Elizabeth Barrett Browing:

① 葡萄牙十四行诗

8. Robert Louis Stevenson

① 金银岛

9. Thomas Hardy托马斯•哈代1840~1928

（小说多以农村生活为背景；自然主义小说家。Wessex novels; novels of character and environment）

⑪② 无名的裘德

③ 绿荫下

④ 远离尘嚣

⑤ 卡斯特桥市长

⑥ 还乡

⑫ Poems

Wessex Poems And Other Verses

Poems Of The Past And Present

The Dynasts 列国

VII 1900~1950 The 20th Century

Playwrights

① Oscar Wilde

② George Bernard Shaw

1. Oscar Wilde奥斯卡•王尔德1856~1900

（The Aesthetic Movement: Art for Art’s Sake）

① 4 Comedies:

② Novel:

③ Fairy Stories:

2. George Bernard Shaw乔治•伯纳•萧1856~1950

(英国杰出的批判现实主义剧作家）critical realistic dramatist

⑪ Plays

① Plays Unpleasant

② Plays Pleasant

③Plays

Novelists (Realists)

1. Joseph Concrad

The story happened in Congo, the heart of Africa, and the color of

people‟s skin in there is black. Most important point about the title is to the evil in humans‟ heart.

2.What is the symbolism of black and white

【Black / dark- 】death, evil, ignorance, mystery, savagery, uncivilized

Middle Ages, when science and knowledge was

suppressed, as the Dark Ages.

According to Christianity, in the beginning of time all

was dark and God created light.

According to Heart of Darkness, before the Romans

came, England was dark. In the same way, Africa was

considered to be in the “dark stage”.

【White / light】life, goodness, enlightenment, civilized, religion.

Yet, in Concrad, the usual pattern is reverse and

darkness means truth(The truth within, therefore dark

and obscure.), whiteness means falsehood. This

contrast tells a political truth about colonialism in the

Congo. The contrast also suggests a psychological truth

about Marlow and the Europeans mind.

White also suggests any number of unpleasant moral

truths. The trade in ivory is white and dirty.Kurtz the

white man is totally corrupt

3.Comment

The book implies that civilizations are created by the laws and

codes that encourage men to achieve higher standards. The law acts as a buffer to prevent men from reverting back to their darker tendencies.

Civilization, however, must be learned. London itself, in the book a

symbol of enlightenment, was once "one of the darker places of the earth" before the Romans forced civilization upon the Britons.But civilized society does not get rid of primeval savage tendencies which lurk in the background. This savagery is seen in Kurtz. meets and he finds

a man that has totally thrown off the restraint of civilization and has de-evolved into a primitive state.

4.Character

【Kurtz】 represents what every man will become if left to his own

intrinsic desires without a protective, civilized environment.

【Marlow】 represents the civilized soul that has not been drawn

back into savagery by a dark, alienating jungle.

5.Narrative Structure

In Heart of Darkness, we have an outside narrator telling us a story

he has heard from Marlow. The story Marlow tells centers around Kurtz.However, most of what Marlow knows about Kurtz, he has learned from others.They have good reason for not being truthful to Marlow. Therefore Marlow has to piece together much of Kurtz‟s story.

2. William Somerset Maugham

3. Edward Morgan Foster (E.M.Foster)

Modernists

⑪ 3 Novelists

① James Joyce

② David Herbert Lawrence

③ Virgirnia Woolf

is "a woman of character and refinement", a strong-willed, intelligent and ambitious woman who is fascinated by a warm, vigorous and sensuous coal miner, Walter Morel, and married beneath her own class.Then, she was desponded at her husband and put her love to her sons. She hopes that they will become outstanding

【Paul Morel】depends heavily on his mother‟s love and help to make sense of the world around him. He struggle to free from his mother‟s influence, but he failed. After his mother has died and he is left alone, in despair.

Theme:

Lawrence was one of the first novelists to introduce themes of

psychology into his works. He believed that the healthy way of the individual‟s psychological development lay in the primacy of the life implulse, or in another term, the sexual impulse.huaman sexuality was, to Lawrence, a symbol of life force.by presenting the psychological experience of indivudual human life and of human relationships, Lawrence has opened up a wide new territory to the novel

Oedipus Complex is a thematic feature of D. H. Lawrence‟s

Sons and Lovers

②虹

③恋爱中的女人

④ 查特莱夫人的情人

2. James Joyce詹姆斯•乔伊斯1882~1941

（爱尔兰小说家，意识流小说的代表人物）stream-of-consciousness

3. Virginia Woolf弗吉尼娅•沃尔芙1882~1941

（意识流小说的代表人物）stream-of-consciousness

① Novels

⑫ 2 Poets

① W. B. Yeats (William Butler Yeats )

② T.S. Eliot ( Thomas Sterns Eliot )

1.William Butler Yeats威廉•勃特勒•叶茨1865~1939

（爱尔兰诗人，剧作家； The Irish nationalist movement 爱尔兰独立运动； The Irish Literary Revival 爱尔兰文艺复兴； The Irish Literary Theater, or the Abbey Theater 爱尔兰民族剧团）

⑪ collections

① 苇风

② 塔

⑫ Poems

2. Thomas Sterns Eliot（诗人，剧作家，批评家）

⑪ Poems

①

② 四个四重奏

③ ⑫ Plays

① 大教堂谋杀案

－－泰戈尔

英国文学史资料British Writers and Works

I. Old English Literature & The Late Medieval Ages

贝奥武夫:the national epic of the Anglo-Saxons

Epic: long narrative poems that record the adventures or heroic deeds of a

hero enacted in vast landscapes. The style of epic is grand and elevated.

e.g. Homer‟s Iliad and Odyssey

Artistic features:

1. Using alliteration

Definition of alliteration: a rhetorical device, meaning some words in a

sentence begin with the same consonant sound（头韵）

Some examples on P5

2. Using metaphor and understatement

Definition of understatement: expressing something in a controlled

way Understatement is a typical way for Englishmen to express their

ideas

Geoffery Chaucer 杰弗里•乔叟1340(?)~1400

(首创“双韵体”，英国文学史上首先用伦敦方言写作。约翰·德莱顿（John Dryden）称其为“英国诗歌之父”。代表作《坎特伯雷故事集》。)

The father of English poetry.

writing style: wisdom, humor, humanity.

① 坎特伯雷故事集：

first time to use „heroic couplet‟(双韵体) by middle English

②特罗伊拉斯和克莱希德

③ 声誉之宫

Medieval Ages’ popular Literary form: Romance(传奇故事)

Famous three：King Arthur

Sir Gawain and the Green Knight

Beowulf

II The Renaissance Period

A period of drama and poetry. The Elizabethan drama is the real mainstream of the English Renaissance.

Three historical events of the Renaissance – rebirth or revival:

1. new discoveries in geography and astrology

2. the religious reformation and economic expansion

3. rediscovery of ancient Roman and Greek culture

The most famous dramatists:

Christopher Marlowe

William Shakespeare

Ben Johnson.

1. Edmund Spenser埃德蒙•斯宾塞1552~1599

（后人称之为“诗人的诗人”。） The poets‟ poet.The first to be buried in the

more romantic

“Fierce wars and faithfull loves”.

Artistic features:

1. Using Spenserian Stanza

Definition of Spenserian Stanza:a stanza of nine lines ababbcbcc.

Eight lines in iambic pentameter, and last line in iambic

hexameter.

② 牧人日历

The theme is to lament over the loss of Rosalind.

③ 爱情小唱

2. Thomas More托马斯•莫尔1478~1535

One of the greatest English humanists

①乌托邦

3. Francis Bacon弗兰西斯•培根1561~1626

（哲学家、散文家；在论述探究知识的著作中提出了知识就是力量这一著名论断；近代唯物主义哲学的奠基人和近代实验科学的先驱。）

Philosopher, scientist, lay the foundation for modern science. The first English essayist.

Writing style:brevity, compactness&powerfulness, well-arranging and enriching by Biblical allusions, metaphors and philosophy to man‟s reason.

ways

adopted by different people to pursue studies.

4. Ben Jonson

①

②狐狸

5. Christopher Marlowe柯里斯托弗•马洛1564~1595

“University Wits”, the pioneer of English drama

（完善了无韵体诗。）

Blank verse: written in unrhymed iambic pentameter.

①浮士德博士的悲剧（根据德国民间故事书写成）

②帖木耳大帝

③马耳他的犹太人

6. William Shakespeare威廉•莎士比亚1564~1616

②Four Comedies: 皆大欢喜; 第十二夜;

③Four Tragedies: 哈姆莱特; 奥赛罗; 李

尔王; 麦克白 ④Shakespeare Sonnet :154

Three quatrain and one couplet, ababcdcdefefgg

A sonnet is a lyric consisting of 14 lines, usually in

iambic pentameter restricted to a definition rhyme scheme.

III The 17th Century

1. John Milton约翰•弥尔顿1608~1674

（诗人、政论家;失明后写《失乐园》、《复乐园》、《力士参孙》。）

①Epics: 失乐园

②Dramatic poem: 力士参孙

③ 论出版自由

④ 我的失明

This sonnet is written in iambic pentameter rhymed in abba abba cde cde, typical of Italian sonnet.

Its theme is that people use their talent for God, and they serve him best sho can endure the suffering best.

2. John Bunyan约翰•班扬1628~1688

Puritan poet(清教徒派诗人)

①Religionary Allegory:天路历程

3. John Donne

the Metaphysical poet(玄学派诗人).

Artistic features:

1. conceits or imagery奇思妙喻

2. syllogism三段论

② Songs And Sonnets

IV The 18th Century

A revival of interest in the old classical works, order, logic, restrained emotion(抑制情感) and accuracy

小说崛起：In the mid-century, the newly literary form, modern English novel rised(realistic novel现实主义小说)

Gothic novel(哥特式小说)：mystery, horror, castles(from middle part to the end of century)

1. Alexander Pope亚历山大•蒲柏1688~1744

（18世纪英国最伟大的诗人，其诗多用“英雄双韵体”/ “ heroic couplets”。词句工整、精练、富有哲理性。）

One of the first to introduce rationalism to England.

①批评论

Artistic features:

1.Using “heroic couplets”

② 卷发遇劫记

③ 道德论

2. Samuel Johnson塞缪尔•约翰逊1709~1784

3. Jonathan Swift乔纳森•斯威夫特1667~1745

（十八世纪杰出的政论家和讽刺小说家a master satirist。）

① 格列佛游记(fictional work)

Four parts:

Lilliput 小人国 Brobdingnag 大人国

Flying Island 飞岛 Houyhnhnm 马岛

② 书战

③ 木桶的故事

④ 一个麻布商的书信

4. Daniel Defoe丹尼尔•笛福1660~1731

（小说家，新闻记者，小册子作者；十八世纪英国现实主义小说的奠

基人。）

He is the first writer study of the lower-class people,hislanguage is smooth, easy, colloquial and mostly vernacular, and he is the founder of realistic novel.

① 鲁宾逊漂流记

It praise the fortitude of the human labor and the Puritan.

Robinson grew from a naive and artless youth into a shrewd and

hardened man,tempered by numerous trials in his eventful life.

It is an adventure story, Robinson, narrates how he goes to sea, gets

shipwrecked and marooned on a lonely island, struggles to live for 24-years there and finally gets relieved and returns to England.

②

③

④

5. Henry Fielding亨利•菲尔丁1707~1754

（英国小说家，戏剧家，被誉为“英国小说之父” 。）

He is called “Father of English novel”. He was the first to write a “Comic epic in prose”(散文体史诗), and the first to give the modern novel its structure and style.

① novels:

② plays:

6. Oliver Goldsmith奥利弗•格尔德斯密斯1730~1774

① poems:

② novel:

7. Richard Brinsley Sheridan理查德•布林斯利•施莱登1751~1816

① 情敌

② 造谣学校

8. William Blake威廉•布莱克1757~1827

① 天真之歌

A happy and innocent world from children‟s eye.

② 经验之歌

A word of misery, poverty, disease, war and repression with a

melancholy tone from men eyes.

Include:

Tyger is a symbol of dread and oiolence

③ 天堂与地狱的婚姻

9. Robert Burns罗伯特•彭斯1759~1796

The greatest Scottish poet in the late 18th century.

Poems Chiefly in the Scottish Dialect主要用苏格兰方言写的诗

④ 不管那一套

⑤ 我的心在那高原上

⑥

⑦

V The Romantic Period

应该是独立自由的个体)

In it, emotion over reason, spontaneous emotion, a change

from the outer world of social civilization to the inner world of

the human spirit, poetry should be free from all rules,

imagination, nature, commonplace.

Two major novelists of the Romantic period are Jane Austen (realistic) and Walter Scott (romantic).

“The Lake Poets”湖畔诗人，who lived in the lake district.

William Wordsworth; Samuel Taylor Coleridge; Robert Southey

1. William Wordsworth威廉•华兹华斯1770~1850

（与柯尔律治、骚塞同被称为“湖畔派”诗人。

The Lake Poets）

diverse

circumstance. It is nature that give him “strength and

knowledge fullof peace”

2.It is bliss to recolled the beauty of nature in poet mind

while he is in solitude.

Comment:The poet is very cheerful with recalling the beautiful

sights. In the poem on the beauty of nature, the

reader is presented a vivid picture of lively and lovely daffodils(水仙) and poet‟s philosophical

ideas and mystical thoughts.

③ Lines Composed A Few Miles Above Tintern Abbey

④ The Solitary Reaper孤独的割麦女

② 序曲

2. Samuel Taylor Coleridge塞缪尔•泰勒•科尔律治1772~1834

The Lake Poets

① 古舟子颂

with strong imagination, a strange territory

④ 半夜冰霜 ⑤ 忧郁颂

⑥ 抒情歌谣集(with William Wordsworth)

3. George Gordon Byron乔治•戈登•拜伦1788~1824

“Byronic hero” is a proud, mysterious rebel figure of noble origin, against tyrannical rules or moral principles.

① 唐•璜

4. ① Poetic Drama：解放了的普罗米修斯

Theme: the drama celebraies man‟s victory over tyranny and

oppression

② 麦布女王

his eagerness to enjoy the boundless

freedom from the reality. Compare the west wind to

destroyer of the old who drives the last signs of life from

the trees, and preserver of the new who scatter the seads

shich sill come to life in the spring. This is a poem about

renewal, about the wind blowing life back into dead things,

implying not just an arc of life (which would end at death) but a

cycle, which only starts again when something dies.

Comment: Percy Bysshe Shelley's "Ode to the West Wind" is written in

iambic pentameter. It contains five sonnet length stanzas, each

with a closing couplet. The rhyming scheme form is aba bcb cdc

ded ee. The tone is poignant. Many will agree that this poem is an

invocation for an unseen force to take control and revive life.

Artistic features:

Using rerza rima(三行诗aba bcb cdc ded efe …)

5. John Keats约翰•济慈1795~1821

(“美即是真，真即是美”是他的著名诗句。)

"To Autumn", is that

change is both natural and beautiful. The poem praises

the glories of the fall season by using almost every type

of imagery to both charm and appeal to the reader.

Comment: The speaker in the poem acknowledges that time passes

by, but also asserts that this change usually yields

something new and better than what came before. Each

of the poem's three stanzas represents the evolving of

two different types of change. One type of change

shown in the poem is the change of periods in a day.

6. Jane Austen简•奥斯丁1775~1817

She compared her works to a fine engraving upon a literary piece of ivory only inches squire.

prejudice dissolved

【Collins & Charlotte Lucas】see the reality of marriage as a

necessary step if a woman is to avoid

the wretchedness of aging

spinsterhood

【Lydia & Wickham】shown the dangers of feckless relationships

unsupported by money.

【Mr.&Mrs. Bennet, Mr. Collins, Lady Catherine de Burgh】comic

characters

7. Walter Scott沃尔特•斯科特1771~1832

(历史小说之父”)Father of history novels

① 罗伯•罗伊

② 艾凡赫

VI The Victorian Period

Common sense and moral propreity, again became the predominant preoccupation. Critical realists were all concerned about the fate of the common people and everyday events.

1. Charles Dickens查尔斯•狄更斯1812~1870

（批判现实主义小说家）critical realist writer

① 匹克威克外传

② 奥利弗•特维斯特（雾都孤儿）

③ 老古玩店

④ 圣诞颂歌

⑤ 董贝父子

⑥ 大卫•科波菲尔

⑦ 荒凉山庄

⑧ 双城记(London & Paris)

⑨ 远大前程

⑩ 我们共同的朋友

2. William Makepeace Thackeray威廉•麦克匹斯•萨克雷1811~1863

① or a Novel without a Hero名利场(the name is an excerpt

②

•勃朗特1816~1855

plain little orphan, was sent to Lowood, a charity

school. There she suffer a lot and 8 years later she left school and became a boverness at Thornfield Hall. There she falls in love with the master,Mr. Rochester.

It is noted for its sharp criticism of the existing society, e.g. charity

institution such as Lowood School

It is a successful introduction to the first governess heoine in the

English novel, whom represents those middle-class working women struggling for recognition of their basic rights and equality as a human

being.

② 雪莉

③ 教师

【TheEarnshaw Family】Mr. Earnshaw, his wife, the son Hindley, the daughter Catherine, Heathcliff

【The Linton Family】Mr.Linton, his wife, son Edgar, daughter Isabella ②

5. George Eliot乔治•艾略特1819~1880

① 弗洛斯河上的磨坊

② 亚当•比德

③ 织工马南

④ 米德尔马契

6. Alfred Tennyson阿尔弗莱德•丁尼生1809~1892

（维多利亚时代最具代表性的伟大诗人）

Poet Laureate （桂冠诗人）

① 悼念

To memorialize his friend

② 冲击、冲击、冲击

③ 国王叙事诗

7. Robert Browning罗伯特•白朗宁1812~1889 ① 我已故的公爵夫人

② 海外乡思

Elizabeth Barrett Browing:

① 葡萄牙十四行诗

8. Robert Louis Stevenson

① 金银岛

9. Thomas Hardy托马斯•哈代1840~1928

（小说多以农村生活为背景；自然主义小说家。Wessex novels; novels of character and environment）

⑪② 无名的裘德

③ 绿荫下

④ 远离尘嚣

⑤ 卡斯特桥市长

⑥ 还乡

⑫ Poems

Wessex Poems And Other Verses

Poems Of The Past And Present

The Dynasts 列国

VII 1900~1950 The 20th Century

Playwrights

① Oscar Wilde

② George Bernard Shaw

1. Oscar Wilde奥斯卡•王尔德1856~1900

（The Aesthetic Movement: Art for Art’s Sake）

① 4 Comedies:

② Novel:

③ Fairy Stories:

2. George Bernard Shaw乔治•伯纳•萧1856~1950

(英国杰出的批判现实主义剧作家）critical realistic dramatist

⑪ Plays

① Plays Unpleasant

② Plays Pleasant

③Plays

Novelists (Realists)

1. Joseph Concrad

The story happened in Congo, the heart of Africa, and the color of

people‟s skin in there is black. Most important point about the title is to the evil in humans‟ heart.

2.What is the symbolism of black and white

【Black / dark- 】death, evil, ignorance, mystery, savagery, uncivilized

Middle Ages, when science and knowledge was

suppressed, as the Dark Ages.

According to Christianity, in the beginning of time all

was dark and God created light.

According to Heart of Darkness, before the Romans

came, England was dark. In the same way, Africa was

considered to be in the “dark stage”.

【White / light】life, goodness, enlightenment, civilized, religion.

Yet, in Concrad, the usual pattern is reverse and

darkness means truth(The truth within, therefore dark

and obscure.), whiteness means falsehood. This

contrast tells a political truth about colonialism in the

Congo. The contrast also suggests a psychological truth

about Marlow and the Europeans mind.

White also suggests any number of unpleasant moral

truths. The trade in ivory is white and dirty.Kurtz the

white man is totally corrupt

3.Comment

The book implies that civilizations are created by the laws and

codes that encourage men to achieve higher standards. The law acts as a buffer to prevent men from reverting back to their darker tendencies.

Civilization, however, must be learned. London itself, in the book a

a man that has totally thrown off the restraint of civilization and has de-evolved into a primitive state.

4.Character

【Kurtz】 represents what every man will become if left to his own

intrinsic desires without a protective, civilized environment.

【Marlow】 represents the civilized soul that has not been drawn

back into savagery by a dark, alienating jungle.

5.Narrative Structure

In Heart of Darkness, we have an outside narrator telling us a story

2. William Somerset Maugham

3. Edward Morgan Foster (E.M.Foster)

Modernists

⑪ 3 Novelists

① James Joyce

② David Herbert Lawrence

③ Virgirnia Woolf

Theme:

Lawrence was one of the first novelists to introduce themes of

Oedipus Complex is a thematic feature of D. H. Lawrence‟s

Sons and Lovers

②虹

③恋爱中的女人

④ 查特莱夫人的情人

2. James Joyce詹姆斯•乔伊斯1882~1941

（爱尔兰小说家，意识流小说的代表人物）stream-of-consciousness

3. Virginia Woolf弗吉尼娅•沃尔芙1882~1941

（意识流小说的代表人物）stream-of-consciousness

① Novels

⑫ 2 Poets

① W. B. Yeats (William Butler Yeats )

② T.S. Eliot ( Thomas Sterns Eliot )

1.William Butler Yeats威廉•勃特勒•叶茨1865~1939

⑪ collections

① 苇风

② 塔

⑫ Poems

2. Thomas Sterns Eliot（诗人，剧作家，批评家）

⑪ Poems

①

② 四个四重奏

③ ⑫ Plays

① 大教堂谋杀案

Ecwtphu英国文学史复习资料

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