动词-ing 形式作状语
动词-ing 形式可以作状语，在句中表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、行为方式或伴随情况等, 相当于相对应的状语从句。
动词-ing 形式作时间、原因、条件、让步状语时多位于句首；作结果、伴随情况状语时常位于句末。
1 表示时间，相当于一个时间状语从句。（有时可在动词-ing 前加一个表时间的连词，如when, while等）
Having made full preparations, we are ready for the examination.
我们已经作好了充分准备，现在可以应考了。
(= After we have made full preparations...)
Hearing the news, they jumped with great joy.
Having finished his homework, Henry went home. (= After having finished his homework/After he had finished his homework, Henry went home.)
2 表示原因，相当于一个原因状语从句。
Being ill, he didn't go to school yesterday.
由于生病，他昨天没有上学。(= Since he was ill...)
Being poor, he couldn’t afford a TV set.( =As he was poor, he couldn’t afford a TV set.)
Not knowing his phone number, we couldn’t get in touch with him. (= Because we didn’t know his phone number, we couldn’t get in touch with him.)
3 表示结果，相当于一个并列谓语。
His father died, leaving him a lot of money.
= and left him a lot of money.
他父亲死了，留给他许多钱.
European football is played in 80 countries, making is the most popular sport in the world.(= European football is played in 80 countries; as a result, it becomes the most popular sport in the world.)
4 表示条件，相当于一个条件状语从句。
Working hard at your lessons, you will succeed.
=If you work hard at your lessons.
如果你努力学习，就一定能成功。
Using your head, you’ll find a good way. (= If you use your head, you’ll find a good way.)
Driving too fast, you’ll damage the car. (=If you drive too fast, you’ll damage the car)
5 表示让步，相当于一个让步状语从句。
Although toiling all the year round (=Although he was toiling all the year round), the poor peasant couldn't afford to send his children to school.
这位贫苦的农民，尽管终年劳累，还是无力送孩子上学。
Weighing almost one hundred jin (=Though it weighed almost one hundred
jin), the box was lifted by him with one hand.
6 表示行为方式、伴随情况或补充说明，相当于一个并列结构。
He lay on the grass, staring at the sky for a long time.
= ...and stared at the sky for a long time
他躺在草地上，长时间地望着天空。
The six blind men stood all day long by the roadside, begging for money
(=they were begging for money).
这六个盲人整天站在路边乞讨。
He went out, slamming the door (=he slammed the door).
他走出去，砰地一声把门带上。 特别提醒
1 [从属连词+动词-ing 形式]作状语
为了使动词-ing 形式作状语所表达的时间、条件、让步等意思更加明确，可在动词-ing 形式前加上适当的连词(when, while, if，though ，unless, even if等) 。例如：
1.Don’t talk 吃饭时不要说话。
2. 一旦失去这次机会你就很难找回。
2 要避免无依着(无逻辑主语) 动词-ing 形式
动词-ing 形式作状语时，其逻辑主语必须与句子的主语一致, 如果状语与主语不一致，可给从句加上主语，变成主从复合句。例如：
【错误】While reading the book, the telephone rang.
【正确】While she was reading the book, the telephone rang.
她看书的时候，电话铃响了。（reading 的动作不是the telephone发出）
【错误】Looking out through the window, the garden was beautiful.
【正确】Looking out through the window, we found a beautiful garden.
从窗户里，我们看见一个漂亮的花园。（looking 的动作不是garden 发出） 3 独立动词-ing 形式作状语
英语中有些动词-ing 形式，如generally speaking, judging from…，considering…, talking of…，supposing…等，它们作状语时的逻辑主语可以和句子的主语不一致。这种形式已经成为固定的用法。例如：
假如他病了，谁来做这工作呢？ 一般来说，男孩比女孩对科学更感兴趣。
即时强化练习
一、用方框中所给动词的适当形式填空，并指出在该句中所充当的句子成分（一词限用一次）
1.Did you hear the dog downstairs _______for most of the night?
2.Jim has really learnt very fast. He had made ________progress.
3.When I came out of the theatre, I noticed a group of children ________ musical instruments across the street.
4.The boy _______the mountains is very tired and needs to rest.
5.His father’s job is _______the movies in a film studio in Hollywood.
二、同义句转换（用动词-ing 形式）
1.The bus was held up by the snowstorm, so it caused the delay.
The bus was held up by the snowstorm, ________the delay.
2.John watched curiously and thought that the woman seemed a little crazy.
John watched curiously, _______that the woman seemed a little crazy.
3.While I was waiting for the train, I had a long talk with him.
_________for the train, I had a long talk with him.
4.Because I was ill, I stayed at home.
_________, I stayed at home.
5.If you turn right at the second crossing, you will find the post office.
_________ right at the second crossing, you will find the post office.
6.Because she had been beaten by a snake, she was frightened at it.
_______ ______ _______ by a snake, she was frightened at it.
三、选择填空
1. Though I have often heard this song ______, I have never heard you ______ it.
A. being sung; sang B. sang; singing
C. sung; sing D. to be sung; to sing
2. It was so cold that they kept the fire ______ all night.
A. to burn B. burn C. burning D. burned
3. He looked around and caught a man ______ his hand into the pocket of a passenger.
A. put B. to be putting C. to put D. putting
4. —Did you meet anyone ______ at the party?
—No, in fact, I found the party rather ______.
A. interesting; boring B. interested; boring
C. interesting; bored D. interested; bored
5. The salesman scolded the girl caught ______ and let her off.
A. to have stolen B. to be stealing
C. to steal D. stealing
6. Don’t leave the water_______ while you brush your teeth.
A. run B. running C. being run D. to run
7. The _______ boy was last seen _______ near the East Lake.
A. missing; playing B. missing; play
C. missed; played D. missed; to play
8. A cook will be immediately fired if he is found _______ in the kitchen.
A. smoke B. smoking C. to smoke D. smoked
9.His job is ________ all the children.
A. look after B. looked after C. looking after D. having looked after
10. ---Do you know the girl ______ near the window?
---She is my deskmate.
A. seating B. standing C. is sitting D. is standing
11. What worried the boy most was ________to visit his father is the hospital.
A. his not being allowed B. his not allowing
C. his not been allowed D. his being not allowed
12. Is it possible for a Chinese school to accept the policy _______the use of mobile phones on campus?
A. permitting B. to permit C. permitted D. being permitted
13. ---Was yesterday’s conference successful?
---Not really. The number of ________was much smaller than we had expected.
A. people who attend B. people attended
C. people attending D. people attend
14. ________such a good chance, how could she let it slip?
A. Having been given B. Having given
C. To being given D. To have given
15. Living near the sea, _________.
A. we enjoy fresh air and beautiful sight.
B. fresh air and beautiful is what we enjoy
C. it is fresh and beautiful sight is what we enjoy
D. so we enjoy fresh and beautiful sight
16.Thinking about the fact that I was not well prepared ,and ________ to lose my face, I gave up the English contest.
A. not wanting B. not want C. not wanted D. not to want
17. There are many mistakes in his essay, ______his failure.
A. which results B. leading to C. led to D. that led to
18.________such heavy loss, the businessman doesn’t have the courage to go on.
A. Having suffered B. Suffering C. To suffer D. Suffered
19. _________the project, they have to stay there for another two weeks.
A. Not completing B. Not completed
C. Not having completed D. Having not completed
20. Though _______ natural resources, the area is well developed.
A. lacked B. lacking of C. lacking D. lacked in
21. ________, he seems to be very nervous.
A. Judge from appearance B. Judges from appearance
C. Judged from appearance D. Judging from appearance
四、请用括号里所给动词的适当形式填空:
1. _____ （live ） in a southern city of China， I have never seen such a wonderful snow view.
2. _____ （not grow） up yet， you’re not allowed to enter the bars.
3. _____ （encourage ） by the director， the actors performed wonderfully in the play.
4. _____ （Know ） all this， they made me pay for the damage.
5. The students are sitting in the reading-room， _____ （read ） all kinds of books.
动词-ing 形式作状语
动词-ing 形式可以作状语，在句中表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、行为方式或伴随情况等, 相当于相对应的状语从句。
动词-ing 形式作时间、原因、条件、让步状语时多位于句首；作结果、伴随情况状语时常位于句末。
1 表示时间，相当于一个时间状语从句。（有时可在动词-ing 前加一个表时间的连词，如when, while等）
Having made full preparations, we are ready for the examination.
我们已经作好了充分准备，现在可以应考了。
(= After we have made full preparations...)
Hearing the news, they jumped with great joy.
Having finished his homework, Henry went home. (= After having finished his homework/After he had finished his homework, Henry went home.)
2 表示原因，相当于一个原因状语从句。
Being ill, he didn't go to school yesterday.
由于生病，他昨天没有上学。(= Since he was ill...)
Being poor, he couldn’t afford a TV set.( =As he was poor, he couldn’t afford a TV set.)
Not knowing his phone number, we couldn’t get in touch with him. (= Because we didn’t know his phone number, we couldn’t get in touch with him.)
3 表示结果，相当于一个并列谓语。
His father died, leaving him a lot of money.
= and left him a lot of money.
他父亲死了，留给他许多钱.
European football is played in 80 countries, making is the most popular sport in the world.(= European football is played in 80 countries; as a result, it becomes the most popular sport in the world.)
4 表示条件，相当于一个条件状语从句。
Working hard at your lessons, you will succeed.
=If you work hard at your lessons.
如果你努力学习，就一定能成功。
Using your head, you’ll find a good way. (= If you use your head, you’ll find a good way.)
Driving too fast, you’ll damage the car. (=If you drive too fast, you’ll damage the car)
5 表示让步，相当于一个让步状语从句。
Although toiling all the year round (=Although he was toiling all the year round), the poor peasant couldn't afford to send his children to school.
这位贫苦的农民，尽管终年劳累，还是无力送孩子上学。
Weighing almost one hundred jin (=Though it weighed almost one hundred
jin), the box was lifted by him with one hand.
6 表示行为方式、伴随情况或补充说明，相当于一个并列结构。
He lay on the grass, staring at the sky for a long time.
= ...and stared at the sky for a long time
他躺在草地上，长时间地望着天空。
The six blind men stood all day long by the roadside, begging for money
(=they were begging for money).
这六个盲人整天站在路边乞讨。
He went out, slamming the door (=he slammed the door).
他走出去，砰地一声把门带上。 特别提醒
1 [从属连词+动词-ing 形式]作状语
为了使动词-ing 形式作状语所表达的时间、条件、让步等意思更加明确，可在动词-ing 形式前加上适当的连词(when, while, if，though ，unless, even if等) 。例如：
1.Don’t talk 吃饭时不要说话。
2. 一旦失去这次机会你就很难找回。
2 要避免无依着(无逻辑主语) 动词-ing 形式
动词-ing 形式作状语时，其逻辑主语必须与句子的主语一致, 如果状语与主语不一致，可给从句加上主语，变成主从复合句。例如：
【错误】While reading the book, the telephone rang.
【正确】While she was reading the book, the telephone rang.
她看书的时候，电话铃响了。（reading 的动作不是the telephone发出）
【错误】Looking out through the window, the garden was beautiful.
【正确】Looking out through the window, we found a beautiful garden.
从窗户里，我们看见一个漂亮的花园。（looking 的动作不是garden 发出） 3 独立动词-ing 形式作状语
英语中有些动词-ing 形式，如generally speaking, judging from…，considering…, talking of…，supposing…等，它们作状语时的逻辑主语可以和句子的主语不一致。这种形式已经成为固定的用法。例如：
假如他病了，谁来做这工作呢？ 一般来说，男孩比女孩对科学更感兴趣。
即时强化练习
一、用方框中所给动词的适当形式填空，并指出在该句中所充当的句子成分（一词限用一次）
1.Did you hear the dog downstairs _______for most of the night?
2.Jim has really learnt very fast. He had made ________progress.
3.When I came out of the theatre, I noticed a group of children ________ musical instruments across the street.
4.The boy _______the mountains is very tired and needs to rest.
5.His father’s job is _______the movies in a film studio in Hollywood.
二、同义句转换（用动词-ing 形式）
1.The bus was held up by the snowstorm, so it caused the delay.
The bus was held up by the snowstorm, ________the delay.
2.John watched curiously and thought that the woman seemed a little crazy.
John watched curiously, _______that the woman seemed a little crazy.
3.While I was waiting for the train, I had a long talk with him.
_________for the train, I had a long talk with him.
4.Because I was ill, I stayed at home.
_________, I stayed at home.
5.If you turn right at the second crossing, you will find the post office.
_________ right at the second crossing, you will find the post office.
6.Because she had been beaten by a snake, she was frightened at it.
_______ ______ _______ by a snake, she was frightened at it.
三、选择填空
1. Though I have often heard this song ______, I have never heard you ______ it.
A. being sung; sang B. sang; singing
C. sung; sing D. to be sung; to sing
2. It was so cold that they kept the fire ______ all night.
A. to burn B. burn C. burning D. burned
3. He looked around and caught a man ______ his hand into the pocket of a passenger.
A. put B. to be putting C. to put D. putting
4. —Did you meet anyone ______ at the party?
—No, in fact, I found the party rather ______.
A. interesting; boring B. interested; boring
C. interesting; bored D. interested; bored
5. The salesman scolded the girl caught ______ and let her off.
A. to have stolen B. to be stealing
C. to steal D. stealing
6. Don’t leave the water_______ while you brush your teeth.
A. run B. running C. being run D. to run
7. The _______ boy was last seen _______ near the East Lake.
A. missing; playing B. missing; play
C. missed; played D. missed; to play
8. A cook will be immediately fired if he is found _______ in the kitchen.
A. smoke B. smoking C. to smoke D. smoked
9.His job is ________ all the children.
A. look after B. looked after C. looking after D. having looked after
10. ---Do you know the girl ______ near the window?
---She is my deskmate.
A. seating B. standing C. is sitting D. is standing
11. What worried the boy most was ________to visit his father is the hospital.
A. his not being allowed B. his not allowing
C. his not been allowed D. his being not allowed
12. Is it possible for a Chinese school to accept the policy _______the use of mobile phones on campus?
A. permitting B. to permit C. permitted D. being permitted
13. ---Was yesterday’s conference successful?
---Not really. The number of ________was much smaller than we had expected.
A. people who attend B. people attended
C. people attending D. people attend
14. ________such a good chance, how could she let it slip?
A. Having been given B. Having given
C. To being given D. To have given
15. Living near the sea, _________.
A. we enjoy fresh air and beautiful sight.
B. fresh air and beautiful is what we enjoy
C. it is fresh and beautiful sight is what we enjoy
D. so we enjoy fresh and beautiful sight
16.Thinking about the fact that I was not well prepared ,and ________ to lose my face, I gave up the English contest.
A. not wanting B. not want C. not wanted D. not to want
17. There are many mistakes in his essay, ______his failure.
A. which results B. leading to C. led to D. that led to
18.________such heavy loss, the businessman doesn’t have the courage to go on.
A. Having suffered B. Suffering C. To suffer D. Suffered
19. _________the project, they have to stay there for another two weeks.
A. Not completing B. Not completed
C. Not having completed D. Having not completed
20. Though _______ natural resources, the area is well developed.
A. lacked B. lacking of C. lacking D. lacked in
21. ________, he seems to be very nervous.
A. Judge from appearance B. Judges from appearance
C. Judged from appearance D. Judging from appearance
四、请用括号里所给动词的适当形式填空:
1. _____ （live ） in a southern city of China， I have never seen such a wonderful snow view.
2. _____ （not grow） up yet， you’re not allowed to enter the bars.
3. _____ （encourage ） by the director， the actors performed wonderfully in the play.
4. _____ （Know ） all this， they made me pay for the damage.
5. The students are sitting in the reading-room， _____ （read ） all kinds of books.