高中英语情态动词的用法
一.定义:
情态动词是一种本身有一定的词义,但要与动词原形一起使用,给谓语动词增添情态色彩,表示说话人对有关行为或事物的态度和看法,认为其可能、应该或必要等。 情态动词后面加动词原形。
二.分类:
情态动词有四类:
①只做情态动词:must,can(could),may(might),ought to ②可做情态动词又可做实义动词:need,dare
③可做情态动词又可做助动词:shall(should),will(would) ④具有情态动词特征:have(had) to,used to
三.can和could
特别说明:
(1) could用来表示请求时,语气委婉,主要用于疑问句,不能用于肯定句,答语应用can(即:could不能用于现
在时态的简略答语中)。如:
——Could I use your dictionary?
——Yes, you can.(否定回答可用:No, I‟m afraid not.或者是you can‟t)
表示推测时,could不是过去式,只是语气更委婉;若是推测已发生的事或过去的情况,用can/could have done
(2)
can和be able to辨析
can(could)和be able to都可以表示能力,意思上没有区别。但can只有现在式和过去式,而be able to则有更多的形式。如:
I‟ve always wanted to able to speak fluent English.
Those bags look really heavy, are you sure you‟ll be able to carry them on your own?
但是,表示在过去某时的某一场合经过一番努力,终于做成了某事,通常不用could,而用was/were able to来表示。这时,was/were able to相当于managed to do或succeed in doing。如:
After the accident it was a long time before she was able to walk again.
The fire was very big, but most people were able to escape from the building. (3) 惯用形式“cannot „too„”表示“无论怎么„„也不(过分)”。如: You cannot be too careful.你越小心越好。
惯用形式“cannot but+ 不定式(不带to)”表示“不得不,只好”。如: I cannot but admire her determination.我不得不钦佩你的决心。
⑷ can not与help, bear, stand等动词连用,表示“禁不住,受不了”。
例如:
If one had talent, one can't help showing it.
I can't stand waiting any longer.
但是can’t help but 后面接动词原形,表示“只能”。 I can not help but ask you: “do you have loved me?” I can’t help but wait.
四.may和 might
五.must和have to
注意:表示”偏要,硬要做某事
-how old are you, madam?
-if you must know, I‟m twice my son‟s age(如果你非得知道,是我儿子年龄的两倍)
六.shall和should
七.will和would
特别说明:would与used to辨析
would可用来表示过去反复出现的动作,但不能表示过去存在的状态,所以我们不能说:“she would be a quiet girl.” 另外,would强调过去某种特定情况下的活动,是完全过去的事情,同现在没有联系。而used to则着眼于过去和现在的对比,隐含现在已不存在,动作或状态都可表示。Would可以表示不规则的习惯,used to则不可。如: He used to be a naughty boy and cause trouble. I used to get up at six in the morning.
Sometimes she would take a walk in the neighboring woods.
In those days, whenever I had difficulties, I would go to Mr. Chen for help.
八.need和dare
九.ought的用法:
说明:should与ought to 表示“应该”时的区别
should 表示自己的主观看法,而ought to的语气中,含有“按道理应该„„”之意。若要反映客观情况或涉及法律义务和规定,一般用ought to。如: You should help them with their work.
You are his father. You ought to get him to receive good education.
▲ought to 接被动语态
He certainly ought to be promoted.他当然应当被提升。
Something ought to be done about it.关于这件事,真应当采取措施了。 难道你不认为那种人应当除掉吗?
▲ought to 用于疑问句
Ought he to go? Yes, he ought to.他应当走吗?是的,他得走。
Should we begin soon? Yes, we ought (to).我们马上开始吗? 是的,我们马上开始。 ▲ought to 用于否定句
He ought not (to) do that.他不应做那种事。
I oughtn't (to) go on living this way.我不应当继续过这样的日子了。
You oughtn't to have spoken to her in that way.你本不应当以那样的方式同她说话。
十.“情态动词+have done”用法
十一.used to的用法
1.基本用法特点:
1, used to的意思是“过去经常”,其中的to是不定式符号,不是介词,所以其后接动词原形(不接动名词)。如: He used to live in Paris. 他过去一直住在巴黎。
I used to write poetry when I was young.我年轻时常常写诗。
"Do you play golf?" "No, but I used to." “你打高尔夫球吗?”“不打,但我过去打。”
2. 如何构成否定式和疑问式
used to作为情态动词,可直接在used后加not构成否定式,直接将used置于句首构成疑问式,但与一般的情态动词不同的,它也可像普通动词那样借助助动词did构成否定式和疑问式。如: He usedn’t [didn’t use] to come. 他过去不常来。
You used to go there, usedn’t [didn’t] you? 你过去常到那儿去,是吗?
Where did you use to live? 你过去是住哪儿的?
【注】在现代英语中,used to的否定式和疑问式通常借助助动词did构成(特别是在口语和非正式文体中),而直接将used作为助动词用通常被认为是非常正统或过时的用法。然而有趣的是,有时还可见到以下这种混合形式。如: Did you used to be a teacher? 你过去是当老师的吗? They didn’t used to live here. 他们过去没住在这儿。
3. used to与副词连用时的位置
与often, always, never等副词连用时,通常置于副词之后,也可置于副词之前。如: I always used [used always] to be afraid of dogs. 我过去老是怕狗。
He often used [used often] to sit outside the door of his house. 他过去常坐他家门口。 注意: 它通常不与具体的一般不能与表示次数(如twice, three times 等)或一段时间(如three months, five years等)的词连用。如:
A,正:I went to Paris three times. 我去过巴黎3次。 误:I used to go to Paris three times. B,正:He lived in the country for three years. 他在乡下住过3年。 误:He used to live in the country for three years.
4. used to 与 be used to的用法比较 (1) used to 意为“过去经常”,其中的 to 是不定式符号,后接动词原形。如: (2) be used to 意为“习惯于”,其中的to是介词,后接动词要用动名词。如: He is used to living in the country. 他已习惯于住在乡下。
【注】① 若要强调从不习惯到习惯的过程,可用 get, become 等代替动词 be。如: He has got used to looking after himself. 他已习惯于自己照顾自己。
② be used to 有时可能是动词 use 的被动语态结构 (此时意为“被用来”,其中的 to 为不定式符号,其后要接动词原形)。如:
A hammer is used to drive in nails. 锤子是用来钉钉子的。
5. used to 与would的用法比较
(1) 两者都表示过去的习惯,当表示过去习惯性的动作时,可互换。如:
When we were children we would [used to] go skating every winter. 我们小时候,每年冬天都去溜冰。 (2) 若表示过去持续的状态,通常只用used to,不用would。如: He used to like you. 他原来还是喜欢你的。
He is not what he used to be. 他已不是从前的他了。
(3) 若要强调过去与现在的对比,也通常只用used to。如:
I don’t smoke these days, but I used to. 我现在不抽烟,但我以前是抽的。
I used to drive to work but now I cycle. 过去我常驾车上班,但我现在骑自行车。
十二.had better的基本用法特点
1.had better 相当于一个助动词,它只有一种形式,它后面要跟动词原形。 had better do sth had better not do sth 其意为“最好”、“应该”,后接动词原形,与情态动词should用法相似,其中的had通常缩略为 ’d。如: You’d better get some sleep. 你最好去睡一会儿。 We had better go before it rains. 我们最好在下雨前就去。
2. had better如何构成否定式和疑问式
构成否定式时,通常将not置于had better之后(而不是had之后);而构成疑问式时,则通常将had(而不是had better)置于主语之前。如:
I’d better not disturb him.我最好别去打扰他。 What had we better do? 我们最好怎么办?
【注】在否定疑问句或反意疑问句中可将not与had连用。如: Hadn’t we better go now? 我们是不是现在就去呢?
3. had better后接进行式和完成式动词
有时后接动词的进行式,表示最好马上做某事;也可接完成式动词,表示最好做完某事或本该做某事而未做某事。 You’d better be getting your clothes ready. 你最好马上把衣服准备好。 You had better have done that. 你最好把那事做完。 You had better have stayed here. 你本来应该呆在这儿的。
4. 有关had better的几点用法说明
(1) had better 用于提出建议或请求时,并不是一个很客气委婉的表达,它暗示对方有义务去做某事,因此通常用于长辈对晚辈或上级对下级等,而不宜反过来用。
(2) had best与had better 用法和含义均差不多,但不如had better普通。如: You had best get home before midnight.你最好在午夜之前回到家里。 We had best be going.我们最好现在就走。 (3) 有时可省略其中的had。如:
You better stop arguing.你们最好不要争论了。
Better not wait for him. 最好不要等他了。
Better say yes, if they ask you. 如果他们问你,你最好说“是”。 有时为了强调,可将better置于had之前。如:
"I promise I’ll pay you back." "You better had." “我保证还给你。”“你最好还给我。” had better表示"最好"
It is pretty cold. You'd better put on my coat. 情态动词shall ,will ,及should , would的用法
高中英语情态动词的用法
一.定义:
情态动词是一种本身有一定的词义,但要与动词原形一起使用,给谓语动词增添情态色彩,表示说话人对有关行为或事物的态度和看法,认为其可能、应该或必要等。 情态动词后面加动词原形。
二.分类:
情态动词有四类:
①只做情态动词:must,can(could),may(might),ought to ②可做情态动词又可做实义动词:need,dare
③可做情态动词又可做助动词:shall(should),will(would) ④具有情态动词特征:have(had) to,used to
三.can和could
特别说明:
(1) could用来表示请求时,语气委婉,主要用于疑问句,不能用于肯定句,答语应用can(即:could不能用于现
在时态的简略答语中)。如:
——Could I use your dictionary?
——Yes, you can.(否定回答可用:No, I‟m afraid not.或者是you can‟t)
表示推测时,could不是过去式,只是语气更委婉;若是推测已发生的事或过去的情况,用can/could have done
(2)
can和be able to辨析
can(could)和be able to都可以表示能力,意思上没有区别。但can只有现在式和过去式,而be able to则有更多的形式。如:
I‟ve always wanted to able to speak fluent English.
Those bags look really heavy, are you sure you‟ll be able to carry them on your own?
但是,表示在过去某时的某一场合经过一番努力,终于做成了某事,通常不用could,而用was/were able to来表示。这时,was/were able to相当于managed to do或succeed in doing。如:
After the accident it was a long time before she was able to walk again.
The fire was very big, but most people were able to escape from the building. (3) 惯用形式“cannot „too„”表示“无论怎么„„也不(过分)”。如: You cannot be too careful.你越小心越好。
惯用形式“cannot but+ 不定式(不带to)”表示“不得不,只好”。如: I cannot but admire her determination.我不得不钦佩你的决心。
⑷ can not与help, bear, stand等动词连用,表示“禁不住,受不了”。
例如:
If one had talent, one can't help showing it.
I can't stand waiting any longer.
但是can’t help but 后面接动词原形,表示“只能”。 I can not help but ask you: “do you have loved me?” I can’t help but wait.
四.may和 might
五.must和have to
注意:表示”偏要,硬要做某事
-how old are you, madam?
-if you must know, I‟m twice my son‟s age(如果你非得知道,是我儿子年龄的两倍)
六.shall和should
七.will和would
特别说明:would与used to辨析
would可用来表示过去反复出现的动作,但不能表示过去存在的状态,所以我们不能说:“she would be a quiet girl.” 另外,would强调过去某种特定情况下的活动,是完全过去的事情,同现在没有联系。而used to则着眼于过去和现在的对比,隐含现在已不存在,动作或状态都可表示。Would可以表示不规则的习惯,used to则不可。如: He used to be a naughty boy and cause trouble. I used to get up at six in the morning.
Sometimes she would take a walk in the neighboring woods.
In those days, whenever I had difficulties, I would go to Mr. Chen for help.
八.need和dare
九.ought的用法:
说明:should与ought to 表示“应该”时的区别
should 表示自己的主观看法,而ought to的语气中,含有“按道理应该„„”之意。若要反映客观情况或涉及法律义务和规定,一般用ought to。如: You should help them with their work.
You are his father. You ought to get him to receive good education.
▲ought to 接被动语态
He certainly ought to be promoted.他当然应当被提升。
Something ought to be done about it.关于这件事,真应当采取措施了。 难道你不认为那种人应当除掉吗?
▲ought to 用于疑问句
Ought he to go? Yes, he ought to.他应当走吗?是的,他得走。
Should we begin soon? Yes, we ought (to).我们马上开始吗? 是的,我们马上开始。 ▲ought to 用于否定句
He ought not (to) do that.他不应做那种事。
I oughtn't (to) go on living this way.我不应当继续过这样的日子了。
You oughtn't to have spoken to her in that way.你本不应当以那样的方式同她说话。
十.“情态动词+have done”用法
十一.used to的用法
1.基本用法特点:
1, used to的意思是“过去经常”,其中的to是不定式符号,不是介词,所以其后接动词原形(不接动名词)。如: He used to live in Paris. 他过去一直住在巴黎。
I used to write poetry when I was young.我年轻时常常写诗。
"Do you play golf?" "No, but I used to." “你打高尔夫球吗?”“不打,但我过去打。”
2. 如何构成否定式和疑问式
used to作为情态动词,可直接在used后加not构成否定式,直接将used置于句首构成疑问式,但与一般的情态动词不同的,它也可像普通动词那样借助助动词did构成否定式和疑问式。如: He usedn’t [didn’t use] to come. 他过去不常来。
You used to go there, usedn’t [didn’t] you? 你过去常到那儿去,是吗?
Where did you use to live? 你过去是住哪儿的?
【注】在现代英语中,used to的否定式和疑问式通常借助助动词did构成(特别是在口语和非正式文体中),而直接将used作为助动词用通常被认为是非常正统或过时的用法。然而有趣的是,有时还可见到以下这种混合形式。如: Did you used to be a teacher? 你过去是当老师的吗? They didn’t used to live here. 他们过去没住在这儿。
3. used to与副词连用时的位置
与often, always, never等副词连用时,通常置于副词之后,也可置于副词之前。如: I always used [used always] to be afraid of dogs. 我过去老是怕狗。
He often used [used often] to sit outside the door of his house. 他过去常坐他家门口。 注意: 它通常不与具体的一般不能与表示次数(如twice, three times 等)或一段时间(如three months, five years等)的词连用。如:
A,正:I went to Paris three times. 我去过巴黎3次。 误:I used to go to Paris three times. B,正:He lived in the country for three years. 他在乡下住过3年。 误:He used to live in the country for three years.
4. used to 与 be used to的用法比较 (1) used to 意为“过去经常”,其中的 to 是不定式符号,后接动词原形。如: (2) be used to 意为“习惯于”,其中的to是介词,后接动词要用动名词。如: He is used to living in the country. 他已习惯于住在乡下。
【注】① 若要强调从不习惯到习惯的过程,可用 get, become 等代替动词 be。如: He has got used to looking after himself. 他已习惯于自己照顾自己。
② be used to 有时可能是动词 use 的被动语态结构 (此时意为“被用来”,其中的 to 为不定式符号,其后要接动词原形)。如:
A hammer is used to drive in nails. 锤子是用来钉钉子的。
5. used to 与would的用法比较
(1) 两者都表示过去的习惯,当表示过去习惯性的动作时,可互换。如:
When we were children we would [used to] go skating every winter. 我们小时候,每年冬天都去溜冰。 (2) 若表示过去持续的状态,通常只用used to,不用would。如: He used to like you. 他原来还是喜欢你的。
He is not what he used to be. 他已不是从前的他了。
(3) 若要强调过去与现在的对比,也通常只用used to。如:
I don’t smoke these days, but I used to. 我现在不抽烟,但我以前是抽的。
I used to drive to work but now I cycle. 过去我常驾车上班,但我现在骑自行车。
十二.had better的基本用法特点
1.had better 相当于一个助动词,它只有一种形式,它后面要跟动词原形。 had better do sth had better not do sth 其意为“最好”、“应该”,后接动词原形,与情态动词should用法相似,其中的had通常缩略为 ’d。如: You’d better get some sleep. 你最好去睡一会儿。 We had better go before it rains. 我们最好在下雨前就去。
2. had better如何构成否定式和疑问式
构成否定式时,通常将not置于had better之后(而不是had之后);而构成疑问式时,则通常将had(而不是had better)置于主语之前。如:
I’d better not disturb him.我最好别去打扰他。 What had we better do? 我们最好怎么办?
【注】在否定疑问句或反意疑问句中可将not与had连用。如: Hadn’t we better go now? 我们是不是现在就去呢?
3. had better后接进行式和完成式动词
有时后接动词的进行式,表示最好马上做某事;也可接完成式动词,表示最好做完某事或本该做某事而未做某事。 You’d better be getting your clothes ready. 你最好马上把衣服准备好。 You had better have done that. 你最好把那事做完。 You had better have stayed here. 你本来应该呆在这儿的。
4. 有关had better的几点用法说明
(1) had better 用于提出建议或请求时,并不是一个很客气委婉的表达,它暗示对方有义务去做某事,因此通常用于长辈对晚辈或上级对下级等,而不宜反过来用。
(2) had best与had better 用法和含义均差不多,但不如had better普通。如: You had best get home before midnight.你最好在午夜之前回到家里。 We had best be going.我们最好现在就走。 (3) 有时可省略其中的had。如:
You better stop arguing.你们最好不要争论了。
Better not wait for him. 最好不要等他了。
Better say yes, if they ask you. 如果他们问你,你最好说“是”。 有时为了强调,可将better置于had之前。如:
"I promise I’ll pay you back." "You better had." “我保证还给你。”“你最好还给我。” had better表示"最好"
It is pretty cold. You'd better put on my coat. 情态动词shall ,will ,及should , would的用法